Bloating is one of the most common and bothersome symptoms complained by a large proportion of patients. This symptom has been described with various definitions, such as sensation of a distended abdomen or an abdomin...Bloating is one of the most common and bothersome symptoms complained by a large proportion of patients. This symptom has been described with various definitions, such as sensation of a distended abdomen or an abdominal tension or even excessive gas in the abdomen, although bloating should probably be defined as the feeling(e.g. a subjective sensation) of increased pressure within the abdomen. It is usually associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders, like irritable bowel syndrome, but when bloating is not part of another functional bowel or gastrointestinal disorder it is included as an independent entity in Rome Ⅲ criteria named functional bloating. In terms of diagnosis, major difficulties are due to the lack of measurable parameters to assess and grade this symptom. In addition, it is still unclear to what extent the individual patient complaint of subjective bloating correlates with the objective evidence of abdominal distension. In fact, despite its clinical, social and economic relevance, bloating lacks a clear pathophysiology explanation, and an effective management endorsement, turning this common symptom into a true challenge for both patients and clinicians. Different theories on bloating etiology call into questions an increased luminal contents(gas, stools, liquid or fat) and/or an impaired abdominal empting and/or an altered intra-abdominal volume displacement(abdomino-phrenic theory) and/or an increased perception of intestinal stimuli with a subsequent use of empirical treatments(diet modifications, antibiotics and/or probiotics, prokinetic drugs, antispasmodics, gas reducing agents and tricyclic antidepressants). In this review, our aim was to review the latest knowledge on bloating physiopathology and therapeutic options trying to shed lights on those processes where a clinician could intervene to modify disease course.展开更多
The location of an ingested foreign object is often difficult to determine by X-ray if gastric air bubbles are not clear in the image.Methods that provide negative contrast can facilitate precise object localization,w...The location of an ingested foreign object is often difficult to determine by X-ray if gastric air bubbles are not clear in the image.Methods that provide negative contrast can facilitate precise object localization,which is important for object retrieval and treatment of the patient.This case report describes a male child,2 years and 2 mo of age,who accidentally swallowed a lithium battery while playing at home.A plain X-ray showed that the battery was in the abdomen,but it was unclear whether the object was still inside the stomach.A second X-ray examination performed after oral administration of a bloating agent to produce expansion of the stomach and provide negative contrast confirmed that the ingested battery was still in the stomach.The battery was then carefully removed using magnetic and balloon catheters under fluoroscopic guidance.This case report describes the successful use of an orally administered bloating agent without pain to the child in orderto determine the precise location of a foreign object in the abdomen.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of Daikenchuto (DKT) in hepatecomized patients. METHODS: Twenty patients were enrolled with informed consent. Two patients were excluded because of cancelled operations. The re...AIM: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of Daikenchuto (DKT) in hepatecomized patients. METHODS: Twenty patients were enrolled with informed consent. Two patients were excluded because of cancelled operations. The remaining 18 patients were randomly chosen for treatment with DKT alone or combination therapy of DKT and lactulose (n = 9, each group). Data were prospectively collected. Primary end points were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for abdominal bloating, total Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) score for abdominal symptoms, and GSRS score for abdominal bloating. RESULTS: The VAS score for abdominal bloating and total GSRS score for abdominal symptoms recovered to levels that were not significantly different to preoperative levels by 10 d postoperation. Combination therapy of DKT and lactulose was associated with a significantly poorer outcome in terms of VAS and GSRS scores for abdominal bloating, total GSRS score, and total daily calorie intake, when compared with DKT alone therapy. CONCLUSION: DKT is a potentially effective drug for postoperative management of hepatectomized patients, not only to ameliorate abdominal bloating, but also to promote nutritional support by increasing postoperative dietary intake.展开更多
To solve the disposal problems of solid wastes, dehydrated sewage sludge and Yellow River sediments were tested as components for production of ultra-lightweight ceramsite. The effects of Yellow River sediments additi...To solve the disposal problems of solid wastes, dehydrated sewage sludge and Yellow River sediments were tested as components for production of ultra-lightweight ceramsite. The effects of Yellow River sediments addition on the characteristics of ceramsite were investigated. Ceramsite with different Yellow River sediments additions was characterized using thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, morphological structures analyses, pore size distributions and porosity analyses. Chemical components, especially ratios of Si O2 + Al2O3/Flux, were used to explain the glassy shell formation, physical properties and pores distribution of ultralightweight ceramsite; physical forces for instance expansion force and frictional resistance which combined with Si O2 + Al2O3/Flux ratios were used to explain the bloating mechanism. Results showed that the maximum addition of Yellow River sediments for making ultra-lightweight ceramsite was 35%. Macropores(between 0.226 μm and 0.554 μm) of ultra-lightweight ceramsite were dominant in the pore structures of ultra-lightweight ceramsite and its porosity was up to 67.7%. Physical force of expansion force was constant with the variation of Yellow River sediments content and physical force of frictional resistance was decreased with the increase of Yellow River sediments addition. The relationship between expansion and frictional resistance could determine the expansion rate of ceramsite. Larger pores inside the ceramsite bodies could be obtained as Yellow River sediments additions ranged from 10% to 30%. Ceramsite with higher Yellow River sediments additions of 40%(Si O2 + Al2O3/Flux ratios 4.25) became denser and have lower porosity. Crystal components analysis proved that the sintering process made some components of raw materials transfer into other crystals having better thermostability.展开更多
目的观察加味三香汤对功能性腹胀(FB)患者中医症状改善及胃肠传输功能的影响。方法将60例FB患者随机分为中药组40例和对照组20例。中药组予加味三香汤,对照组予安慰剂颗粒,每次1袋,每日2次,冲服。2组均治疗21 d。观察2组治疗前后中医症...目的观察加味三香汤对功能性腹胀(FB)患者中医症状改善及胃肠传输功能的影响。方法将60例FB患者随机分为中药组40例和对照组20例。中药组予加味三香汤,对照组予安慰剂颗粒,每次1袋,每日2次,冲服。2组均治疗21 d。观察2组治疗前后中医症状积分、48 h胃肠通过率(48 h GITT),并记录不良反应情况。结果 2组治疗后中医症状积分与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,中药组腹胀、嗳气、纳差积分及中医症状总分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.000、0.010、0.003)。中药组总有效率为82%(33/40),对照组为30%(6/20),中药组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。共30例完成胃肠传输试验,其中48 h GITT延缓者占54%(16/30)。中药组48 h GITT较对照组改善更明显,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。2组均未见明显不良反应。结论 FB患者多存在肠动力异常情况,加味三香汤能够改善FB中医症状,促进肠动力,改善肠道传输功能。展开更多
文摘Bloating is one of the most common and bothersome symptoms complained by a large proportion of patients. This symptom has been described with various definitions, such as sensation of a distended abdomen or an abdominal tension or even excessive gas in the abdomen, although bloating should probably be defined as the feeling(e.g. a subjective sensation) of increased pressure within the abdomen. It is usually associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders, like irritable bowel syndrome, but when bloating is not part of another functional bowel or gastrointestinal disorder it is included as an independent entity in Rome Ⅲ criteria named functional bloating. In terms of diagnosis, major difficulties are due to the lack of measurable parameters to assess and grade this symptom. In addition, it is still unclear to what extent the individual patient complaint of subjective bloating correlates with the objective evidence of abdominal distension. In fact, despite its clinical, social and economic relevance, bloating lacks a clear pathophysiology explanation, and an effective management endorsement, turning this common symptom into a true challenge for both patients and clinicians. Different theories on bloating etiology call into questions an increased luminal contents(gas, stools, liquid or fat) and/or an impaired abdominal empting and/or an altered intra-abdominal volume displacement(abdomino-phrenic theory) and/or an increased perception of intestinal stimuli with a subsequent use of empirical treatments(diet modifications, antibiotics and/or probiotics, prokinetic drugs, antispasmodics, gas reducing agents and tricyclic antidepressants). In this review, our aim was to review the latest knowledge on bloating physiopathology and therapeutic options trying to shed lights on those processes where a clinician could intervene to modify disease course.
文摘The location of an ingested foreign object is often difficult to determine by X-ray if gastric air bubbles are not clear in the image.Methods that provide negative contrast can facilitate precise object localization,which is important for object retrieval and treatment of the patient.This case report describes a male child,2 years and 2 mo of age,who accidentally swallowed a lithium battery while playing at home.A plain X-ray showed that the battery was in the abdomen,but it was unclear whether the object was still inside the stomach.A second X-ray examination performed after oral administration of a bloating agent to produce expansion of the stomach and provide negative contrast confirmed that the ingested battery was still in the stomach.The battery was then carefully removed using magnetic and balloon catheters under fluoroscopic guidance.This case report describes the successful use of an orally administered bloating agent without pain to the child in orderto determine the precise location of a foreign object in the abdomen.
基金Supported by Grant from Tsumura and Co, the pharmaceutical company
文摘AIM: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of Daikenchuto (DKT) in hepatecomized patients. METHODS: Twenty patients were enrolled with informed consent. Two patients were excluded because of cancelled operations. The remaining 18 patients were randomly chosen for treatment with DKT alone or combination therapy of DKT and lactulose (n = 9, each group). Data were prospectively collected. Primary end points were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for abdominal bloating, total Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) score for abdominal symptoms, and GSRS score for abdominal bloating. RESULTS: The VAS score for abdominal bloating and total GSRS score for abdominal symptoms recovered to levels that were not significantly different to preoperative levels by 10 d postoperation. Combination therapy of DKT and lactulose was associated with a significantly poorer outcome in terms of VAS and GSRS scores for abdominal bloating, total GSRS score, and total daily calorie intake, when compared with DKT alone therapy. CONCLUSION: DKT is a potentially effective drug for postoperative management of hepatectomized patients, not only to ameliorate abdominal bloating, but also to promote nutritional support by increasing postoperative dietary intake.
基金Funded by the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20100131110005)
文摘To solve the disposal problems of solid wastes, dehydrated sewage sludge and Yellow River sediments were tested as components for production of ultra-lightweight ceramsite. The effects of Yellow River sediments addition on the characteristics of ceramsite were investigated. Ceramsite with different Yellow River sediments additions was characterized using thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, morphological structures analyses, pore size distributions and porosity analyses. Chemical components, especially ratios of Si O2 + Al2O3/Flux, were used to explain the glassy shell formation, physical properties and pores distribution of ultralightweight ceramsite; physical forces for instance expansion force and frictional resistance which combined with Si O2 + Al2O3/Flux ratios were used to explain the bloating mechanism. Results showed that the maximum addition of Yellow River sediments for making ultra-lightweight ceramsite was 35%. Macropores(between 0.226 μm and 0.554 μm) of ultra-lightweight ceramsite were dominant in the pore structures of ultra-lightweight ceramsite and its porosity was up to 67.7%. Physical force of expansion force was constant with the variation of Yellow River sediments content and physical force of frictional resistance was decreased with the increase of Yellow River sediments addition. The relationship between expansion and frictional resistance could determine the expansion rate of ceramsite. Larger pores inside the ceramsite bodies could be obtained as Yellow River sediments additions ranged from 10% to 30%. Ceramsite with higher Yellow River sediments additions of 40%(Si O2 + Al2O3/Flux ratios 4.25) became denser and have lower porosity. Crystal components analysis proved that the sintering process made some components of raw materials transfer into other crystals having better thermostability.
文摘目的观察加味三香汤对功能性腹胀(FB)患者中医症状改善及胃肠传输功能的影响。方法将60例FB患者随机分为中药组40例和对照组20例。中药组予加味三香汤,对照组予安慰剂颗粒,每次1袋,每日2次,冲服。2组均治疗21 d。观察2组治疗前后中医症状积分、48 h胃肠通过率(48 h GITT),并记录不良反应情况。结果 2组治疗后中医症状积分与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,中药组腹胀、嗳气、纳差积分及中医症状总分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.000、0.010、0.003)。中药组总有效率为82%(33/40),对照组为30%(6/20),中药组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。共30例完成胃肠传输试验,其中48 h GITT延缓者占54%(16/30)。中药组48 h GITT较对照组改善更明显,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。2组均未见明显不良反应。结论 FB患者多存在肠动力异常情况,加味三香汤能够改善FB中医症状,促进肠动力,改善肠道传输功能。
