MVCE-Net: Multi-View Region Feature and Caption Enhancement Co-Attention Network for Visual Question Answering

Visual question answering(VQA)requires a deep understanding of images and their corresponding textual questions to answer questions about images more accurately.However,existing models tend to ignore the implicit knowledge in the images and focus only on the visual information in the images,which limits the understanding depth of the image content.The images contain more than just visual objects,some images contain textual information about the scene,and slightly more complex images contain relationships between individual visual objects.Firstly,this paper proposes a model using image description for feature enhancement.This model encodes images and their descriptions separately based on the question-guided coattention mechanism.This mechanism increases the feature representation of the model,enhancing the model’s ability for reasoning.In addition,this paper improves the bottom-up attention model by obtaining two image region features.After obtaining the two visual features and the spatial position information corresponding to each feature,concatenating the two features as the final image feature can better represent an image.Finally,the obtained spatial position information is processed to enable the model to perceive the size and relative position of each object in the image.Our best single model delivers a 74.16%overall accuracy on the VQA 2.0 dataset,our model even outperforms some multi-modal pre-training models with fewer images and a shorter time.

Paired regions for shadow removal approach based on multi-features

The existence of shadow leads to the degradation of the image qualities and the defect of ground object information.Shadow removal is therefore an essential research topic in image processing filed.The biggest challenge of shadow removal is how to restore the content of shadow areas correctly while removing the shadow in the image.Paired regions for shadow removal approach based on multi-features is proposed, in which shadow removal is only performed on related sunlit areas.Feature distance between regions is calculated to find the optimal paired regions with considering of multi-features(texture, gradient feature, etc.) comprehensively.Images in different scenes with peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) and structural similarity(SSIM) evaluation indexes are chosen for experiments.The results are shown with six existing comparison methods by visual and quantitative assessments, which verified that the proposed method shows excellent shadow removal effect, the brightness, color of the removed shadow area, and the surrounding non-shadow area can be naturally fused.

Grid Side Distributed Energy Storage Cloud Group End Region Hierarchical Time-Sharing Configuration Algorithm Based onMulti-Scale and Multi Feature Convolution Neural Network

There is instability in the distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side.In order to avoid large-scale fluctuating charging and discharging in the power grid environment and make the capacitor components showa continuous and stable charging and discharging state,a hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm of distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side based on multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is proposed.Firstly,a voltage stability analysis model based onmulti-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is constructed,and the multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is optimized based on Self-OrganizingMaps(SOM)algorithm to analyze the voltage stability of the cloud group end region of distributed energy storage on the grid side under the framework of credibility.According to the optimal scheduling objectives and network size,the distributed robust optimal configuration control model is solved under the framework of coordinated optimal scheduling at multiple time scales;Finally,the time series characteristics of regional power grid load and distributed generation are analyzed.According to the regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration model of“cloud”,“group”and“end”layer,the grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm is realized.The experimental results show that after applying this algorithm,the best grid side distributed energy storage configuration scheme can be determined,and the stability of grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end region layered timesharing configuration can be improved.

Studies on the regional feature of organic carbon in sediments off the Huanghe River Estuary waters

Organic carbon (OC) in definitely small area sediments(according to marine dimension)off the Huanghe River Estuary is investigated in order to evaluate the feature of regional difference of physical and chemical properties in marginal sea sediments.The distributions of OC in sediments with natural grain size and the relationship with the pH,Eh ,Es and Fe3+/Fe2+ are discussed.In addition,OC decomposition rates in surfacial/subsurfacial sediments are estimated.OC concentrations range from 0.26% to 1.8%(wt)in the study area. Significant differences in OC content and in horizontal distribution as well as various trends in surfacial /subsurfacial sediments exhibit the feature of regional difference remarkably in marginal sea sediments. The complicated distribution of OC in surface sediments is due to the influence of bacterial activity and abundance, bioturbation of benthos and physical disturbance. The OC decomposition rate constant in surfacial /subsurfacial sediments ranges from 0.009 7 to 0.076 a-1 and the relatively high values may be mainly related to bacteria that are mainly responsible for OC mineralization;meio-and macrofauna affect OC degradation both directly, through feeding on it, and indirectly through bioturbation and at the same time coarse sediments are also disadvantageous to OC preservation.In almost all the middle and bottom sediments the contents of OC decrease with the increase of deposition depth, which indicates that mineralization of OC in the middle and bottom sediments has occurred via processes like SO reduction and Fe-oxide reduction.

Fine-Grained Features for Image Captioning

Image captioning involves two different major modalities(image and sentence)that convert a given image into a language that adheres to visual semantics.Almost all methods first extract image features to reduce the difficulty of visual semantic embedding and then use the caption model to generate fluent sentences.The Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)is often used to extract image features in image captioning,and the use of object detection networks to extract region features has achieved great success.However,the region features retrieved by this method are object-level and do not pay attention to fine-grained details because of the detection model’s limitation.We offer an approach to address this issue that more properly generates captions by fusing fine-grained features and region features.First,we extract fine-grained features using a panoramic segmentation algorithm.Second,we suggest two fusion methods and contrast their fusion outcomes.An X-linear Attention Network(X-LAN)serves as the foundation for both fusion methods.According to experimental findings on the COCO dataset,the two-branch fusion approach is superior.It is important to note that on the COCO Karpathy test split,CIDEr is increased up to 134.3%in comparison to the baseline,highlighting the potency and viability of our method.

Evolution Rules and Spatial Features of Traditional Settlements in Fukou Xing Region

As one of the eight Taihang passes,Fukou Xing is located in the south of the Taihang Mountains and has been an important passage for Shanxi and Hebei in history.Taking traditional settlements in Fukou Xing Region as research object,using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model(GDEM)(remote sensing measurement of elevation data) and GIS platform,this paper made a quantitative study on traditional settlement space in mountain environment of this region,and studied space parameters including elevation,terrain,aspect,and boundary,observed and summarized the spatial features.In addition,based on the local chronicles of Ming and Qing dynasties,it mutually verified the quantitative conclusions and qualitative cognition,analyzed the evolution rules of traditional settlements in Fukou Xing region,and finally obtained new understandings of spatial features of traditional settlements in Fukou Xing region.

REGIONAL FEATURES OF LONG-TERM SST VARIATION IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC WARM POOL AREA

The main features of SST interannual and long term variations in the Western Pacific Warm Pool area were studied by using regression analysis, running t test and spectral analysis methods based on monthly mean SST data in the Pacific during 1950-1998. The results showed that the SST inter annual and long term variations in the Western Pacific Warm Pool area had evident regional features. There were significant differences in variation range, phase, period, occurrence time of abrupt variation between SST in the eastern area (east of 160°E) and SST in the western area (west of 160°E).

Online identification and extraction method of regional large-scale adjustable load-aggregation characteristics

This article introduces the concept of load aggregation,which involves a comprehensive analysis of loads to acquire their external characteristics for the purpose of modeling and analyzing power systems.The online identification method is a computer-involved approach for data collection,processing,and system identification,commonly used for adaptive control and prediction.This paper proposes a method for dynamically aggregating large-scale adjustable loads to support high proportions of new energy integration,aiming to study the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction methods.The experiment selected 300 central air conditioners as the research subject and analyzed their regulation characteristics,economic efficiency,and comfort.The experimental results show that as the adjustment time of the air conditioner increases from 5 minutes to 35 minutes,the stable adjustment quantity during the adjustment period decreases from 28.46 to 3.57,indicating that air conditioning loads can be controlled over a long period and have better adjustment effects in the short term.Overall,the experimental results of this paper demonstrate that analyzing the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction algorithms is effective.

Individual alcohol consumption by the population of Russia versus regional living conditions

Background:There are substantial regional differences in drinking alcohol in Russia,both at the population and individual levels.However,the causes of these differences have not been studied yet.Objective:The goal of our study was to examine the effect of regional living conditions on individual alcohol consumption by the population of Russia.Methods:For the analysis,we used data from a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in 2013-2014.The final analytical sample included 18,130 people aged 25-64 years.We conducted the interviews face to face,based on which any drinking in the last year,as well as alcohol abuse,were considered as a response.Alcohol abuse was recorded when the respondent consumed 5.75 or more grams of pure ethanol per day(75th percentile of average daily alcohol consumption among alcohol drinkers).The assessment of the regional living conditions was accomplished via integral indexing,which was previously performed based on publicly available data for 2010-2014.Associations were assessed using generalized scoring equations with unchanging standard errors.The associations were expressed by odds ratios(OR)and 95%confidence intervals(C).Results:Deterioration of social conditions and increase in demographic depression in the region of residence increased the odds of any drinking(OR 1.51,95%CI:1.33 to 1.72,P<0.001 and OR 1.22,95%CI:1.05 to 1.41,P=0.oo9,respectively).The odds of alcohol abuse increased with the deterioration of social living conditions and the growth of the industrial development in the region:OR 1.35,95%CI:1.14 to 1.59,P<0.001 and OR 1.16,95%CI:1.05 to 1.28,P=0.002,respectively.Conclusion:Our analysis allowed assessing the impact of the regional living conditions on individual drinking alcohol in the population of Russia.

Regional Evolution Features and Coordinated Development Strategies for Northeast China

Northeast China,as the most important production base of agriculture,forestry,and livestock-breeding as well as the old industrial base in the whole country,has been playing a key role in the construction and development of China’s economy.However,after the policy of reform and open-up was taken in China,the economic development speed and efficiency of this area have turned to be evidently lower than those of coastal area and the national average level as well,which is so-called ‘Northeast Phenomenon’ and ‘Neo-Northeast Phenomenon’.In terms of those phenomena,this paper firstly reviews the spatial and temporal features of the regional evolution of this area so as to unveil the profound forming causes of ‘Northeast Phenomena’ and ‘Neo-Northeast Phenomena’.And then the paper makes a further ex-ploration into the status quo of this region and its forming causes by analyzing its economy gross,industrial structure,product structure,regional eco-categories,etc.At the end of the paper,the authors put forward the basic coordinated development strategies for Northeast China,namely we can revitalize this area by means of adjustment of economic structure,regional coordination,planning urban and rural areas as a whole,institutional innovation,etc.

A NOVEL REGION FEATURE USED IN MULTISENSOR IMAGE FUSION

A new region feature which emphasized the salience of target region and its neighbors is proposed. In region segmentation-based multisensor image fusion scheme, the presented feature can be extracted from each segmented region to determine the fusion weight. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed feature has extensive application scope and it provides much more information for each region. It can not only be used in image fusion but also be used in other image processing applications.

Loci Features of Government Office Garden in Regional Context: A Case Study of Yanhuachi in Chengdu City, China

Yanhuachi (Pool of Colorful Paintings) in west Chengdu City is a representative of government office garden among west Sichuan gardens. Gardening features of Yanhuachi were analyzed from the perspectives of landscape layout, garden architecture, plant environment and garden theme, and loci features of government office garden demonstrated by Yanhuachi in the regional context of Xishu were refined and summarized. Design of Yanhuachi displayed that water was introduced to ancient Chinese government office gardens for landscaping. This study aimed at providing references for the future regional garden construction.

Geochemical Features of a Subduction Initiation Ophiolite Type in Habana-Matanzas Region(Western Cuba)

We present new geochemical data for the upper mantle and crustal sections(whole-rock major and trace element compositions)as well as mineral chemical data,from the Northern Carbibbean ophiolites in the Habana-Matanzas region in Western Cuba.These ophiolites are part of the Northern Cuban Ophiolitic Belt(NCOB),extending for more than 1000 km along the island.The upper mantle peridotites are composed mainly of refractory harzburgite with tectonite textures,and show convex-downward patterns depleted in MREE normalized to chondrite values(Mc Donough and Sun,1995).These geochemical trends are characteristic for depleted mantle wedge peridotites metasomatized by slab-derived,LREE enriched melts.The NCOB also includes abyssal peridotites having lower LREE/HREEratiosanddisplayingrelativelyhomogeneous and flat patterns from MREE to HREE.These peridotites represent fragments accreted into the continental margin from a subducted oceanic lithosphere.Gabbro and dolerite units in the NCOB are systematically depleted in High Field Strength Elements(HFSE:Nb,Ta,Hf,Ti)and REE with respect to N-MORB(<1 X N-MORB).Their melt evolution was affected by subduction input.Spatially associated granitic rocks have a volcanic arc geochemical affinity.Some mafic extrusive rocks within the NCOB exhibit boninitic signatures,and may represent the products of subduction initiation magmatism,whereas other extrusive rock occurrences display N-MORB to E-MORB geochemical fingerprints,slightly modified by subduction derived fluids.Using these geochemical data and constraints,we present a tectonomagmatic model for the evolution of the NCOB within the framework of the Caribbean geology.

The City Culture and Regional Feature of Osaka

Introduced is the regional feature and development plan of Osaka in Japan with statistic at figures. The paper makes an analysis of the meaning of regional architecture with balanced consideration of modern technology and social development based on its homeland.

基于Blob-Harris特征区域和NSCT-Zernike的鲁棒水印算法

为了有效抵抗水印图像的几何攻击,该文提出了一种基于Blob-Harris特征区域和非下采样轮廓波变换(NSCT)和伪Zernike矩的鲁棒水印算法。首先原始图像进行两层非下采样Contourlet变换后提取其低频图像,然后利用Blob-Harris检测算子对低频图像进行特征点提取,根据各个特征点的特征尺度确定其特征区域,优化筛选出稳定且互不重叠的特征区域并将其四周补零,得到稳定的互不重叠的方形特征区域作为水印嵌入区域,最后计算每一个方形特征区域的Zernike矩,将水印信息嵌入在量化调制正则化Zernike矩的幅值当中。实验结果表明,Lena图峰值信噪比达到40 dB以上时,本文算法对常规图像处理以及缩放、旋转、剪切等几何攻击和组合攻击都有相对较强的鲁棒性。

Blob-Harris特征区域结合CT-SVD的鲁棒图像水印算法

为了提高水印图像对几何攻击的鲁棒性,提出了一种Blob-Harris特征区域结合轮廓波变换(Contourlet transform,CT)和奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)的鲁棒图像水印算法。首先利用Blob-Harris检测算子提取图像特征点,并通过各个特征点的特征尺度获得一组Blob-Harris特征区域,从中选择适中的特征尺度对应的特征区域,然后将选择的特征区域四周补零后进行归一化操作,利用小波变换提取出低频水印图像并进行奇异值分解得到水印信息,最后将水印信息重复嵌入到每一个归一化特征区域的圆内接正四边形中。仿真实验结果表明,本文算法除了对常规攻击有很好的抵抗力之外,对几何攻击也有相对较强的鲁棒性,特别是缩放、平移、剪切以及其两两组合攻击,最大NC值可达0.94以上。

Study on Landscape Features of Bai People'sTraditional Mountainous Villages in Dali

In view of the vast mountainous areas and abundant mountainous settlement resources of Dali Bai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, the authors proposed the significance and necessity of studying landscape features of traditional mountainous settlements of the Bai Nationality by considering policy requirements of "protection system planning of famous historic and cultural cities, towns, villages and blocks in Yunnan Province" and "construction of mountainous towns". On the basis of investigating traditional mountainous settlements of the Bai Nationality in Dali, 5 typical settlements were analyzed from the perspectives of landscape structure, village layout, landscape element, landscape materials and decorative art. And characteristics of traditional mountainous settlements of the Bai Nationality were summarized as "following the nature, adaptive to actual terrains, multidimensional, human-nature oneness".

Construction Features of Small Roadside Parks in Tropical Area——A Case Study of Zhanjiang City

Accessibility and flexibility of small roadside parks make them significant transitional spaces in urban landscape environment. Three representative small parks in Zhanjiang City, a typical tropical city in south China, were selected to analyze their location features, spatial processing, demonstration of regional landscapes and recreational characteristics. It was proposed that construction of small roadside parks in tropical area should put human needs on the priority, present regional features of tropical garden landscapes, and focus on inheritance and innovation of regional cultures.