Some novel techniques of computational fluid dynamics are used to establish a mathematical model for the open diversion channel with two embankments in river blocking.The technique of boundary fitted coordinate syste...Some novel techniques of computational fluid dynamics are used to establish a mathematical model for the open diversion channel with two embankments in river blocking.The technique of boundary fitted coordinate system is used to overcome the difficulties resulting from the complicated shapes of natural river boundaries;the method of alternating direction implicit finite difference scheme is used to solve the partial differential equations in the transformed plane;and the technique of moving boundary is used to deal with the river bed exposed to water surface.This model has been used to predict the flow characteristics in the blocking of the Yangtz river in the Three Gorge Project (TGP).Comparison between the computed and experimental data shows a satisfactory agreement.展开更多
Historic blocks that focus only on protection of tangible constructed environment have shown various disadvantages and gradually lost their originality, according to the investigation. Protection of historic blocks sh...Historic blocks that focus only on protection of tangible constructed environment have shown various disadvantages and gradually lost their originality, according to the investigation. Protection of historic blocks should attach more importance to maintaining original lifestyles and community customs, protecting intangible contents and cultural diversity. The authors proposed that protection of historic blocks should follow the principle of "putting protection and repair on the top priority, using reasonably" and stress the "living" protection. There are three patterns of "living" protection, specifically, joint participation of local residents, construction of education base, moderate tourism development. Vitality of local economy can be enhanced and social humanistic environment protected effectively by improving the locals' living environment, so as to show true care for the people living in the historic block, and bring historic blocks to the real life.展开更多
Many moraines formed between Daduka and Chibai in the Tsangpo River valley since Middle Pleistocene. A prominent set of lacustrine and alluvial terraces on the valley margin along both the Tsangpo and Nyang Rivers for...Many moraines formed between Daduka and Chibai in the Tsangpo River valley since Middle Pleistocene. A prominent set of lacustrine and alluvial terraces on the valley margin along both the Tsangpo and Nyang Rivers formed during Quaternary glacial epoch demonstrate lakes were created by damming of the river. Research was conducted on the geological environment, contained sediments, spatial distribution, timing, and formation and destruction of these paleolakes. The lacustrine sediments 14C （10537±268 aBP at Linzhi Brick and Tile Factory, 22510±580 aBP and 13925±204 aBP at Bengga, 21096±1466 aBP at Yusong） and a series of ESR （electron spin resonance） ages at Linzhi town and previous data by other experts, paleolakes persisted for 691±305 kaBP middle Pleistocene ice age, 75-40 kaBP the early stage of last glacier, 27-8 kaBP Last Glacier Maximum （LGM）, existence time of lakes gradually shorten represents glacial scale and dam moraine supply potential gradually cut down, paleolakes and dam scale also gradually diminished. This article calculated the average lacustrine sedimentary rate of Gega paleolake in LGM was 12.5 mm/a, demonstrates Mount Namjagbarwa uplifted strongly at the same time, the sedimentary rate of Gega paleolake is more larger than that of enclosed lakes of plateau inland shows the climatic variation of Mount Namjagbarwa is more larger and plateau margin uplifted more quicker than plateau inland. This article analyzed formation and decay cause about the Zelunglung glacier on the west flank of Mount Namjagbarwa got into the Tsangpo River valley and blocked it for tectonic and climatic factors. There is a site of blocking the valley from Gega to Chibai. This article according to moraines and lacustrine sediments yielded paleolakes scale： the lowest lake base altitude 2850 m, the highest lake surface altitude 3585 m, 3240 m and 3180 m, area 2885 km2, 820 km2 and 810 km2, lake maximum depth of 735 m, 390 m and 330 m. We disclose the reason that previous experts discovered there were different age moraines dividing line of altitude 3180 m at the entrance of the Tsangpo Grand Canyon is dammed lake erosive decay under altitude 3180 m moraines in the last glacier era covering moraines in the early ice age of late Pleistocene, top 3180 m in the last glacier moraine remained because ancient dammed lakes didn＇t erode it under 3180 m moraines in the early ice age of late Pleistocene exposed. The reason of the top elevation 3585 m moraines in the middle Pleistocene ice age likes that of altitude 3180 m. There were three times dammed lakes by glacier blocking the Tsangpo River during Quaternary glacial period. During other glacial and interglacial period the Zelunglung glacier often extended the valley but moraine supplemental speed of the dam was smaller than that of fluvial erosion and moraine movement, dam quickly disappeared and didn＇t form stable lake.展开更多
Specialists think tectonic mixtite zone in Lancang River, which lies in southern and eastern fringe of Qingzang plateau, is the suture line (or contact strip) between Gondwana Land and Yangtz block (Fan Chengjun, 1982...Specialists think tectonic mixtite zone in Lancang River, which lies in southern and eastern fringe of Qingzang plateau, is the suture line (or contact strip) between Gondwana Land and Yangtz block (Fan Chengjun, 1982; Liu Zhengqian, etc, 1991; Fang Runsen,1993).By regional geological study (Legend:1∶50000) in Tu’e, western Yunnan, the author think major fracture zone about 6\|8km from western Lancang River is fragile\|ductile shear zone between batholithic granite of Biluo snow mountain and Jurassic\|Cretaceous slight curdle strata. The zone is a very complicated tectonic mixtite zone (width:0.7\|6km; strike: SN\|direction). Study based on geometric structure, constitution, metamorphism, deformation and kinematic characteristics, the author sum up the following features about the complex deformation zone.(1) Tectonic mixtite zone is a very complicate blocks made up of curdle blocks and residual blocks of granite. Its’ geometric structure is a net\|shape structure composed of matrixes and chaotic blocks in plane and have two kinds of structure types (obduction schists in early diagenesis and heteroploytypes in late diagenesis) in section.展开更多
文摘Some novel techniques of computational fluid dynamics are used to establish a mathematical model for the open diversion channel with two embankments in river blocking.The technique of boundary fitted coordinate system is used to overcome the difficulties resulting from the complicated shapes of natural river boundaries;the method of alternating direction implicit finite difference scheme is used to solve the partial differential equations in the transformed plane;and the technique of moving boundary is used to deal with the river bed exposed to water surface.This model has been used to predict the flow characteristics in the blocking of the Yangtz river in the Three Gorge Project (TGP).Comparison between the computed and experimental data shows a satisfactory agreement.
基金Supported by 2012 Philosophical and Social Science Research Guide Project of Universities and Colleges, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education (2012SJD760001)
文摘Historic blocks that focus only on protection of tangible constructed environment have shown various disadvantages and gradually lost their originality, according to the investigation. Protection of historic blocks should attach more importance to maintaining original lifestyles and community customs, protecting intangible contents and cultural diversity. The authors proposed that protection of historic blocks should follow the principle of "putting protection and repair on the top priority, using reasonably" and stress the "living" protection. There are three patterns of "living" protection, specifically, joint participation of local residents, construction of education base, moderate tourism development. Vitality of local economy can be enhanced and social humanistic environment protected effectively by improving the locals' living environment, so as to show true care for the people living in the historic block, and bring historic blocks to the real life.
基金supported by Project No.1212011120185 sponsored by China Geological Survey
文摘Many moraines formed between Daduka and Chibai in the Tsangpo River valley since Middle Pleistocene. A prominent set of lacustrine and alluvial terraces on the valley margin along both the Tsangpo and Nyang Rivers formed during Quaternary glacial epoch demonstrate lakes were created by damming of the river. Research was conducted on the geological environment, contained sediments, spatial distribution, timing, and formation and destruction of these paleolakes. The lacustrine sediments 14C （10537±268 aBP at Linzhi Brick and Tile Factory, 22510±580 aBP and 13925±204 aBP at Bengga, 21096±1466 aBP at Yusong） and a series of ESR （electron spin resonance） ages at Linzhi town and previous data by other experts, paleolakes persisted for 691±305 kaBP middle Pleistocene ice age, 75-40 kaBP the early stage of last glacier, 27-8 kaBP Last Glacier Maximum （LGM）, existence time of lakes gradually shorten represents glacial scale and dam moraine supply potential gradually cut down, paleolakes and dam scale also gradually diminished. This article calculated the average lacustrine sedimentary rate of Gega paleolake in LGM was 12.5 mm/a, demonstrates Mount Namjagbarwa uplifted strongly at the same time, the sedimentary rate of Gega paleolake is more larger than that of enclosed lakes of plateau inland shows the climatic variation of Mount Namjagbarwa is more larger and plateau margin uplifted more quicker than plateau inland. This article analyzed formation and decay cause about the Zelunglung glacier on the west flank of Mount Namjagbarwa got into the Tsangpo River valley and blocked it for tectonic and climatic factors. There is a site of blocking the valley from Gega to Chibai. This article according to moraines and lacustrine sediments yielded paleolakes scale： the lowest lake base altitude 2850 m, the highest lake surface altitude 3585 m, 3240 m and 3180 m, area 2885 km2, 820 km2 and 810 km2, lake maximum depth of 735 m, 390 m and 330 m. We disclose the reason that previous experts discovered there were different age moraines dividing line of altitude 3180 m at the entrance of the Tsangpo Grand Canyon is dammed lake erosive decay under altitude 3180 m moraines in the last glacier era covering moraines in the early ice age of late Pleistocene, top 3180 m in the last glacier moraine remained because ancient dammed lakes didn＇t erode it under 3180 m moraines in the early ice age of late Pleistocene exposed. The reason of the top elevation 3585 m moraines in the middle Pleistocene ice age likes that of altitude 3180 m. There were three times dammed lakes by glacier blocking the Tsangpo River during Quaternary glacial period. During other glacial and interglacial period the Zelunglung glacier often extended the valley but moraine supplemental speed of the dam was smaller than that of fluvial erosion and moraine movement, dam quickly disappeared and didn＇t form stable lake.
文摘Specialists think tectonic mixtite zone in Lancang River, which lies in southern and eastern fringe of Qingzang plateau, is the suture line (or contact strip) between Gondwana Land and Yangtz block (Fan Chengjun, 1982; Liu Zhengqian, etc, 1991; Fang Runsen,1993).By regional geological study (Legend:1∶50000) in Tu’e, western Yunnan, the author think major fracture zone about 6\|8km from western Lancang River is fragile\|ductile shear zone between batholithic granite of Biluo snow mountain and Jurassic\|Cretaceous slight curdle strata. The zone is a very complicated tectonic mixtite zone (width:0.7\|6km; strike: SN\|direction). Study based on geometric structure, constitution, metamorphism, deformation and kinematic characteristics, the author sum up the following features about the complex deformation zone.(1) Tectonic mixtite zone is a very complicate blocks made up of curdle blocks and residual blocks of granite. Its’ geometric structure is a net\|shape structure composed of matrixes and chaotic blocks in plane and have two kinds of structure types (obduction schists in early diagenesis and heteroploytypes in late diagenesis) in section.
