不同表面处理对椅旁瓷块CERECBlocs贴面色彩的影响

背景:椅旁计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制作(computer aided design/computer aided manufacture,CAD/CAM)系统制作瓷贴面方便快捷,然而贴面切削后直接黏固色彩还原不理想,常需要经过各种表面处理获得理想的色彩效果。目的:研究不同表面处理对椅旁CEREC Blocs贴面色彩的影响及其与牙齿的颜色匹配性。方法:选取离体新鲜人上颌中切牙5颗,进行牙体预备。椅旁CAD/CAM制作0.6 mm的CEREC Blocs瓷贴面试件,共25个,随机分组,对照组不做任何处理;其余4组试件分别进行抛光、上釉、抛光上釉、上釉染色处理,选择离体牙和贴面试件唇面中1/3为测量目标区域,用Shade Eye NCC电子比色仪测量试件色彩参数L*a*b*值,计算与离体牙的色差(?E),SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果与结论:1与对照组相比,上釉组、抛光上釉组、上釉染色组L*值下降(P<0.05),上釉染色组L*值最低;各组间a*、b*值比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);2与对照组相比,上釉组、抛光上釉组、上釉染色组色差ΔE值明显减小(P<0.05),其中上釉染色组色差最小。与对照组相比,上釉组、抛光上釉组、上釉染色组?L*值明显减小(P<0.05),上釉染色组?L*值最低。与对照组相比,仅上釉染色组?b*值明显减小(P<0.05)。各组间?a*值比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);3结果表明,通过上釉染色处理,椅旁CEREC Blocs贴面可取得满意的色彩效果。

不同抛光工具对CEREC Blocs陶瓷抛光效果的比较研究

目的比较临床常用的几种玻璃陶瓷抛光工具对CEREC Blocs陶瓷的抛光效果,为临床抛光工具的选择提供依据。方法制作60个陶瓷试件,随机分为6组(n=10),进行不同的表面处理。G组:釉膏上釉;SF组:使用松风Porcelain Adjustment Kit+Cera Master组合抛光;3M组:使用3M Sof-LexTM Discs套装抛光;Tob组:使用道邦玻璃陶瓷套装抛光;EVE组:使用EVE DIAPRO套装抛光;Ivo组:使用义获嘉伟瓦登特Optra Fine?套装抛光。测量各组试件表面粗糙度值Ra、Rz并作统计分析,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测试件并对其表面形态作定性分析。结果 G、3M、SF、Ivo、EVE、Tob组的抛光后Ra值分别为(0.069±0.008)、(0.073±0.009)、(0.223±0.025)、(0.229±0.022)、(0.491±0.093)、(0.763±0.067)μm,经统计学分析,Ra值从小到大依次为G和3M组<SF和Ivo组<EVE组<Tob组,其中G组与3M组、SF组与Ivo组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Rz值统计结果与Ra值一致。SEM观察结果与粗糙度值的统计结果一致。结论不同抛光工具对CEREC Blocs陶瓷的抛光效果不同,本实验条件下,Sof-LexTM Discs套装抛光表面最光滑,效果近似釉膏上釉。

不同的表面处理对Sirona CEREC Blocs陶瓷表面粗糙度的影响

目的比较不同表面处理对Sirona CEREC Blocs陶瓷表面粗糙度的影响。方法按照不同的表面处理方式将试件分为7组:对照组(A)、自身上釉组(B)、釉膏上釉组(C)、2组不同松风抛光方案组(D、E),2组不同EVE抛光方案组(F、G),测量试件表面处理后的粗糙度值,体视显微镜定性分析试件表面形貌。结果各组粗糙度值依次为:A组(0.139±0.010)μm、B组(0.129±0.006)μm、C组(0.090±0.029)μm、D组(0.145±0.009)μm、E组(0.101±0.007)μm、F组(0.172±0.016)μm、G组(0.278±0.027)μm;A组与C组、D组与E组、D组与G组、E组与F组、E组与G组及F组与G组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05),A组与B组、C组与E组及D组与F组之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05);体视显微镜分析结果与粗糙度值分析结果一致。结论釉膏上釉较其它表明处理方式效果好,不同的抛光工具对Sirona CEREC Blocs陶瓷的抛光效果不同,其中松风抛光工具抛光效果堪比釉膏上釉的效果。

Elaboration and costs multi-nutritional blocs with goatee leaves (<i>Pithecellobium acatlense</i>) consumed by goats in the Mixteca Poblana, Mexico

The elaboration of multinutritional blocs (MB) is an alternative that allows supplement energy, protein, vitamins and minerals, and additionally, it can be administered and take natural resources as protein banks, mainly in the dry season, raising their cost and the concentrates decreasing profitability to producers. An aid is green or dried foliage of the tree-shrub of the Mixteca Poblana that drop their leaves to the ground (dry hay) in the dry season, thus becomes valuable forage consumed by goats, being great for your protein content and low cost in diets of small ruminants in silvopastoral production systems, at the dwindle the foliage of woody perennials in a time of the year. The aim of this study was to develop and meet production costs multinutrient blocks with goatee sheets (Pithecellobium acatlense) consumed by goats in the Mixteca Puebla. The study was done in the community of Tehuaxtla, belonging to the municipality Piaxtla in the Mixteca Poblana, which shows a secondary vegetation (arboreal, shrubby) that is consumed by goats in that region. 8 multinutritional blocks were used with Pithecellobium acatlense into two groups of 30 goats. Chemical analysis threw goatee 11.7% CP during the dry season and 14.8% CP for rains regarding consumption of BM group A showed 20% less compared to Group B, with respect to consumption of the block multinutrient the group A was 56 g/day/goat, whilst the group B has consumed 73 g/day/goat, where he converted ±0.14 g/goat/day for this preparation (MB), with a cost /goat when consuming block/8 days 0.14 USD.

"Five steps four quadrants" modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing hepatic hilum lymph nodes in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND Although en bloc dissection of hepatic hilum lymph nodes has many advantages in radical tumor treatment,the feasibility and safety of this approach for laparo-scopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)require further clinical evaluation and investigation.AIM To explore the application value of the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing hepatic hilum lymph nodes in LPD patients.METHODS A total of 52 patients who underwent LPD via the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for hepatic hilum lymph nodes from April 2021 to July 2023 in our department were analyzed retrospectively.The patients'body mass index(BMI),preoperative laboratory indices,intraoperative variables and postoperative complications were recorded.The relationships between preoperative data and intraoperative lymph node dissection time and blood loss were also analyzed.RESULTS Among the 52 patients,36 were males and 16 were females,and the average age was 62.2±11.0 years.There were 26 patients with pancreatic head cancer,16 patients with periampullary cancer,and 10 patients with distal bile duct cancer.The BMI was 22.3±3.3 kg/m²,and the median total bilirubin(TBIL)concentration was 57.7(16.0-155.7)µmol/L.All patients successfully underwent the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique without lymph node clearance-related complications such as postoperative bleeding or lymphatic leakage.Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between preoperative BMI(r=0.3581,P=0.0091),TBIL level(r=0.2988,P=0.0341),prothrombin time(r=0.3018,P=0.0297)and lymph node dissection time.Moreover,dissection time was significantly correlated with intraoperative blood loss(r=0.7744,P<0.0001).Further stratified analysis demonstrated that patients with a preoperative BMI≥21.9 kg/m²and a TIBL concentration≥57.7μmol/L had significantly longer lymph node dissection times(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION The"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing the hepatic hilum lymph node is safe and feasible for LPD.This technique is expected to improve the efficiency of hepatic hilum lymph node dissection and shorten the learning curve;thus,it is worthy of further clinical promotion and application.

Thoracic giant cell tumor after two total en bloc spondylectomies including one emergency surgery:A case report

BACKGROUND For patients with acute paraplegia caused by spinal giant cell tumor(GCT)who require emergency decompressive surgery,there is still a lack of relevant reports on surgical options.This study is the first to present the case of an acute paraplegic patient with a thoracic spinal GCT who underwent an emergency total en bloc spondylectomy(TES).Despite tumor recurrence,three-level TES was repeated after denosumab therapy.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old female patient who underwent single-level TES in an emergency presented with sudden severe back pain and acute paraplegia due to a thoracic spinal tumor.After emergency TES,the patient's spinal cord function recovered,and permanent paralysis was avoided.The postoperative histopathological examination revealed that the excised neoplasm was a rare GCT.Unfortunately,the tumor recurred 9 months after the first surgery.After 12 months of denosumab therapy,the tumor size was reduced,and tumor calcification.To prevent recurrent tumor progression and provide a possible cure,a three-level TES was performed again.The patient returned to an active lifestyle 1 month after the second surgery,and no recurrence of GCT was found at the last follow-up.CONCLUSION This patient with acute paraplegia underwent TES twice,including once in an emergency,and achieved good therapeutic results.TES in emergency surgery is feasible and safe when conditions permit;however,it may increase the risk of tumor recurrence.

一株茶大灰象甲寄生真菌的分子鉴定及其毒力测定

为明确分离自茶大灰象甲(Sympiezomias citri)自然羅病死亡成虫僵虫的一株寄生真菌Bbr4941菌株的具体分类归属及其生防潜力,对该菌株的rDNA-ITS序列和Bloc序列进行了PCR扩增、测序及系统进化树构建。结果明确了它为布氏白僵菌(Beauveria brongniartii)。在此基础上,利用浸虫法研究该菌株对茶大灰象甲成虫的室内毒力。结果表明,高浓度(每毫升5.0×10~7孢子)孢悬液处理时,第7天累计校正死亡率为100%,LT_(50)为3.916 d。以上研究表明Bbr4941菌株对茶大灰象甲成虫具有很强的杀虫毒力,有望在今后茶大灰象甲的生物防治中发挥重要作用。

The BLOC Interactomes Form a Network in Endosomal Transport

With the identification of more than a dozen novel Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome （HPS） proteins in vesicle trafficking in higher eukaryotes, a new class of trafficking pathways has been described. It mainly consists of three newly-defined protein com- plexes, BLOC-l, -2, and -3. Compelling evidence indicates that these complexes together with two other well-known complexes, AP3 and HOPS, play important roles in endosomal transport. The interactions between these complexes form a network in protein trafficking via endosomes and cytoskeleton. Each node of this network has intra-complex and extra-complex interactions. These complexes are connected by direct interactions between the subunits from different complexes or by indirect interactions through coupling nodes that interact with two or more subunits from different complexes. The dissection of this network facilitates the understanding of a dynamic but elaborate transport machinery in protein/membrane trafficking. The disruption of this network may lead to abnormal trafficking or defective organellar development as described in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.

地震定位程序BLOC及其变体——华北地区遥测地震台网联网论文续二

简要描述了研制并几经修改扩充的地震定位程序BLOC,并以它的最新扩展版本NC 91为例说明其使用方法,最后讨论了BLOC定位程序进一步发展的构想.

原发性骶尾部肿瘤En bloc切除疗效观察

目的探讨原发性骶尾部肿瘤En bloc切除术的疗效。方法回顾性分析我科采用后方入路En bloc切除术治疗27例原发性骶尾部肿瘤患者的疗效。结果术后病理报告示:脊索瘤17例、骨巨细胞瘤5例、软骨肉瘤3例、神经纤维肉瘤1例、神经纤维瘤1例。27例患者手术后症状均有不同程度改善,平均无瘤生存时间为33.5月。5例手术保留S1或以上神经根的患者大小便失禁伴会阴部感觉丧失,经理疗功能训练后,3例部分恢复,2例无进展;保全S2以上神经根的12例患者术后均出现膀胱及直肠功能障碍,经康复理疗和功能训练后,10例基本恢复正常,2例患者仍存在不同程度的两便障碍。10例保留S3或以上神经根的患者能保全括约肌功能。随访期间5例局部复发,1例肺部转移,其余均无瘤生存。结论En bloc切除是治疗原发性骶尾部肿瘤的有效疗法,可最大限度减少肿瘤的复发并延长患者无瘤生存时间。

一株茶籽象甲寄生真菌的分子鉴定

分子标记是一种快速、有效和精准的鉴定工具,在虫生真菌新种的鉴定中发挥重要的作用。为明确一株分离自茶籽象甲的寄生真菌的具体分类归属,我们对该菌株的EF1-α和Bloc两个分子标记基因进行了PCR扩增、测序和系统进化树构建,最终明确了该寄生真菌为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana。本研究结果将为今后更好地利用球孢白僵菌来防治茶园鞘翅目害虫提供参考。

基于BLOC86程序的新疆地区震源深度定位软件

介绍基于BLOC86程序的新疆地区震源深度定位软件的原理、主要功能模块和使用效果。利用该软件定位新疆测震台网地震,计算结果稳定性较好,与震中烈度结果有较好的对应关系,有效弥补了大震应急工作对震源深度参数的需求。

用两种瓷高嵌体修复无髓后牙的效果对比

目的 :比较用Cerec Blocs瓷高嵌体和IPSe.max CAD瓷高嵌体修复无髓后牙的临床效果。方法 :选取2016年1月至2016年12月期间扬州市江都人民医院口腔科收治的40例经根管治疗后的Ⅱ类洞无髓后牙患者(共计40颗患牙)作为研究对象。采用电脑随机分组的方式,将这些患者分为IPSe.max CAD组和Cerec Blocs组,每组各20例患者。利用CAD/CAM系统的Cerec 3.85软件采集这些患者患牙的3D模型图像,并根据模型图像自动生成患牙的修复体模型。在医师对修复体的模型进行校对和修正后,为IPSe.max CAD组患者使用IPSe.max CAD瓷块制作修复体,为Cerec Blocs组患者使用Cerec Blocs瓷块制作修复体。治疗结束后,比较两组患者患牙修复的成功率。结果 :在两组患者治疗结束后,对他们均进行了8个月的随访。结果发现,在边缘吻合度、嵌体表面质地和嵌体外形这3个指标上,两组患者患牙修复的成功率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但是,在修复体折断和嵌体颜色这2个指标上,IPSe.max CAD组患者患牙修复的成功率明显高于Cerec Blocs组患者,差异具有统计学意义(x^2=8.992,P=0.003)。结论 :与使用Cerec Blocs瓷块制作的修复体相比,使用IPSe.max CAD瓷块制作的修复体在经根管治疗后无髓后牙修复方面的成功率较高。

3D混合虚拟场景中信号的接收

在3D混合虚拟场景的构建过程中,信号的传输和接收非常重要.确保信号的传输和接收达到要求的关键是信号接收模块React building block的建立.文中主要讨论如何使用Microsoft Visual studio2005和Virtools 4.0进行信号接收模块React building block(或简称BB)的创建.

GIS-Practical Experience in the Boundaries Definition of the Platform Deep Crustal Blocks on the Studying of the Earth＇s Surface Fractal Divisibility： Example of the White Sea-Kuloi Plateau

This study examines the use of the geographic information systems （GIS） in structural geomorphology to build the model of the crust based on fractal analysis of relief. Fractal theory, developed by B. Mandelbrot, used to determination morpho-bloc divisibility of the Earth＇s surface. There is the traceable statistically recurring relief structure indicate the appropriate tiered hierarchy of crustal blocks forming the tectonic and kinematic layers. This hypothesis tested on a digital elevation model （DEM） of the White Sea-Kuloi Plateau -- an area of tectonic and magmatic activity of the Paleozoic era. Found the correlation of position the kimberlite magmatic bodies with the tectonic blocks certain depth according to a flactal analysis.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs endoscopic mucosal resection for colorectal tumors: A meta-analysis

AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for the treatment of colorectal tumors.

Comparing outcomes for endoscopic submucosal dissection between Eastern and Western countries:A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM To compare endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) outcomes between Eastern and Western countries.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using Pub Med,MEDLINE,Web of Science,CINAHL and EBM reviews to identify studies published between 1990 and February 2016. The primary outcome was the efficacy of ESD based on information about either curative resection,en bloc or R0 resection rates. Secondary outcomes were complication rates,local recurrence rates and procedure times. RESULTS Overall,238 publications including 84318 patients and 89512 gastrointestinal lesions resected using ESD were identified. 90% of the identified studies reporting ESDon 87296 lesions were conducted in Eastern countries and 10% of the identified studies reporting ESD outcomes in 2216 lesions were from Western countries. Meta-analyses showed higher pooled percentage of curative,en bloc,and R0 resection in the Eastern studies; 82%(CI: 81%-84%),95%(CI: 94%-96%) and 89%(CI: 88%-91%) compared to Western studies; 71%(CI: 61%-81%),85%(CI: 81%-89%) and 74%(CI: 67%-81%) respectively. The percentage of perforation requiring surgery was significantly greater in the Western countries(0.53%; CI: 0.10-1.16) compared to Eastern countries(0.01%; CI: 0%-0.05%). ESD procedure times were longer in Western countries(110 min vs 77 min).CONCLUSION Eastern countries show better ESD outcomes compared to Western countries. Availability of local ESD expertise and regional outcomes should be considered for decision making to treat gastrointestinal lesions with ESD.

Risk factors for local recurrence after en bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate factors related to recurrence following en bloc resection using endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) in patients with early gastric cancer(EGC). METHODS: A total of 1121 patients(1215 lesions) who had undergone ESD for gastric neoplasia between April 2003 and May 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Data from 401 patients(415 lesions) were analyzed, following the exclusion of those who underwent piecemeal resection, with deep resection margin invasion or lateral margin infiltration, and diagnosed with benign lesions. RESULTS: Local recurrence after en bloc ESD was found in 36 cases(8.7%). Unclear resection margins, long procedure times, and narrow safety margins were identified as risk factors for recurrence. Lesions located in the upper third of the stomach showed a higher rate of recurrence than those located in the lower third of the stomach(OR = 2.9, P = 0.03). The probability of no recurrence for up to 24 mo was 79.9% in those with a safety resection margin ≤ 1 mm and 89.5% in those with a margin > 1 mm(log-rank test, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Even in cases in which en bloc ESD is performed for EGC, local recurrence still occurs. To reduce local recurrences, more careful assessment will be needed prior to the implementation of ESD in casesin which the tumor is located in the upper third of the stomach. In addition, clear identification of tumor boundaries as well as the securing of sufficient safety resection margins will be important.

Thulium laser treatment for bladder cancer

Recent innovations in thulium laser techniques have allowed application in the treatment of bladder cancer.Laser en bloc resection of bladder cancer is a transurethral procedure that may offer an alternative to the conventional transurethral resection procedure.We conducted a review of basic thulium laser physics and laser en bloc resection procedures and summarized the current clinical literature with a focus on complications and outcomes.Literature evidence suggests that thulium laser techniques including smooth incision,tissue vaporization,and en bloc resection represent feasible,safe,and effective procedures in the treatment of bladder cancer.Moreover,these techniques allow improved specimen orientation and accurate determination of invasion depth,facilitating correct diagnosis,restaging,and reevaluation of the need for a second resection.Nonetheless,large-scale multicentre studies with longer follow-up are warranted for a robust assessment.The present review is meant as a quick reference for urologists.