AIM： To investigate the seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of hepatitis E virus （HEV） in the illegal blood donors （IBDs） of central China in the early 1990s.
Hepatitis E is a common infection caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a primarily enteric virus. HEV disease is mainly spread via stool contamination of water and food supplies. The virus has recently been identifi...Hepatitis E is a common infection caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a primarily enteric virus. HEV disease is mainly spread via stool contamination of water and food supplies. The virus has recently been identified as a global threat to blood safety. The seroprevalence of HEV among blood donors in Kenya remains unknown. This study was carried out as a pilot study to determine the seroprevalence of the virus among blood donors at Nairobi Blood Transfusion Center during the period from September 2018 to January 2019. A total of three hundred and fifty eight (n = 358) plasma samples were used in this study. The plasma was tested for HEV IgM and IgG antibody using a qualitative membrane-based immunoassay (Biopanda reagents Belfast UK). Demographic characteristics of the blood donors were also collected. The age of the blood donors ranged from 16 to 61 years with a mean age of 29 years (±14). Of the study subjects, 36% (n = 130) were females while 64% (n = 228) were males. Overall, 10.6% (38) and 7.8% (28) of the samples were HEV IgG and IgM seropositive respectively. Anti-HEV was distributed among all age groups;however donors aged 20 - 40 years had the highest prevalence. This study shows a relatively high prevalence of anti-HEV among healthy blood donors in Nairobi, Kenya. Further studies would be needed in other population groups to assess the potential benefit of incorporating HEV screening of blood products to the current blood donor selection criteria. Moreover, further studies to determine the circulating genotypes of HEV among this group are required for epidemiological reasons.展开更多
Hepatitis E virus(HEV) infection is now established as an emerging enteric viral hepatitis. Standard treatments in acute and chronic hepatitis E remain to be established. This study undertakes a review of the epidemio...Hepatitis E virus(HEV) infection is now established as an emerging enteric viral hepatitis. Standard treatments in acute and chronic hepatitis E remain to be established. This study undertakes a review of the epidemiology, treatment implication and vaccine prevention from published literature. HEV infection is a worldwide public health problem and can cause acute and chronic hepatitis E. HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are primarily found in developing countries due to waterborne transmission, while the zoonotic potential of genotypes 3 and 4 affects mostly industrialized countries. An awareness of HEV transmission through blood donation, especially in the immunocompromised and solid organ transplant patients, merits an effective anti-viral therapy. There are currently no clear indications for the treatment of acute hepatitis E. Despite concerns for side effects, ribavirin monotherapy or in combination with pegylatedinterferon alpha for at least 3 mo appeared to show significant efficacy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis E. However, there are no available treatment options for specific patient population groups, such as women who are pregnant. Vaccination and screening of HEV in blood donors are currently a global priority in managing infection. New strategies for the treatment and control of hepatitis E are required for both acute and chronic infections, such as prophylactic use of medications, controlling large outbreaks, and finding acceptable antiviral therapy for pregnant women and other patient groups for whom the current options of treatment are not viable.展开更多
Iran is known as an endemic country for hepatitis E virus(HEV) infection, while there are variations in the epidemiology of HEV infection throughout the country. The available epidemiological studies in different regi...Iran is known as an endemic country for hepatitis E virus(HEV) infection, while there are variations in the epidemiology of HEV infection throughout the country. The available epidemiological studies in different regions of Iran show HEV seroprevalence of 1.1%-14.2% among general population, 4.5%-14.3% among blood donors, 6.1%-22.8% among injecting drug users, 6.3%-28.3% among hemodialysis patients, 1.6%-11.3% among patients infected with other hepatitis viruses, 27.5% among patients with chronic liver disease, 30.8% among kidney transplant recipient patients, and 10%-16.4% among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. These variations reflect differences in the status of public health and hygiene, risk factors, and routes of transmission in different regions and groups. Therefore, it is necessary to review the epidemiology of HEV infection to determine the most prevalent risk factors and routes of transmission, and to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive strategies employed in the public health services of the country. Moreover, the other epidemiological aspects of HEV, including the genotypic pattern, extra hepatic manifestations, and incidence of chronic infection need to be investigated among Iranian population to expand the current knowledge on the epidemiology of HEV and to clarify the real burden of HEV infection. Therefore, this review was performed to provide a general overview regarding the epidemiology of HEV in Iran.展开更多
戊型肝炎是一种戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E Virus,HEV)感染后以肝脏损伤为主的急性传染病,主要经粪-口传播,好发于青壮年及中老年人,在孕妇及免疫抑制人群中危害较大。据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)统计,全球每年约有2...戊型肝炎是一种戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E Virus,HEV)感染后以肝脏损伤为主的急性传染病,主要经粪-口传播,好发于青壮年及中老年人,在孕妇及免疫抑制人群中危害较大。据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)统计,全球每年约有2000万人感染HEV,其中约330万患者出现戊型肝炎症状。近期,通过血源传播而感染HEV的病例受到了广泛关注。经研究发现在全世界的无症状献血者中仅有0.013%~0.281%存在HEV病毒血症,但HEV在非常低的病毒血液浓度下同样具有传染性,并且迄今无特异的治疗药物和方法,所以对献血者进行HEV筛查是必要的。目前HEV筛查政策只在少数国家实施,包括普遍筛查和选择性筛查。而对献血者提供的血液,尚没有明确规定检测HEV感染的标志物。本综述主要通过对比国内外HEV的核酸血液筛查情况探讨其研究进展及必要性。展开更多
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Maanshan,China (2008-40) (To Zhan SW and Zheng JX)
文摘AIM： To investigate the seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of hepatitis E virus （HEV） in the illegal blood donors （IBDs） of central China in the early 1990s.
文摘Hepatitis E is a common infection caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a primarily enteric virus. HEV disease is mainly spread via stool contamination of water and food supplies. The virus has recently been identified as a global threat to blood safety. The seroprevalence of HEV among blood donors in Kenya remains unknown. This study was carried out as a pilot study to determine the seroprevalence of the virus among blood donors at Nairobi Blood Transfusion Center during the period from September 2018 to January 2019. A total of three hundred and fifty eight (n = 358) plasma samples were used in this study. The plasma was tested for HEV IgM and IgG antibody using a qualitative membrane-based immunoassay (Biopanda reagents Belfast UK). Demographic characteristics of the blood donors were also collected. The age of the blood donors ranged from 16 to 61 years with a mean age of 29 years (±14). Of the study subjects, 36% (n = 130) were females while 64% (n = 228) were males. Overall, 10.6% (38) and 7.8% (28) of the samples were HEV IgG and IgM seropositive respectively. Anti-HEV was distributed among all age groups;however donors aged 20 - 40 years had the highest prevalence. This study shows a relatively high prevalence of anti-HEV among healthy blood donors in Nairobi, Kenya. Further studies would be needed in other population groups to assess the potential benefit of incorporating HEV screening of blood products to the current blood donor selection criteria. Moreover, further studies to determine the circulating genotypes of HEV among this group are required for epidemiological reasons.
基金Supported by The National Research University Project,Office of Higher Education Commission,Nos.WCU001-HR-57,WCU007-HR-57,and WCU-58-006-HRThe National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)+4 种基金The Research Chair Grant from the National Science and Technology Development Agency,Chulalongkorn University Centenary Academic Development Project,No.CU56-HR01Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund of Chulalongkorn University,No.RES560530093The Outstanding Professor of Thailand Research Fund,No.DPG5480002The Doctoral Degree Chulalongkorn University 100~(th) Year Birthday Anniversary to Duangnapa IntharasongkrohThe Rachadapisek Sompote Fund of Chulalongkorn University for Postdoctoral Fellowship to Pattaratida Sa-nguanmoo
文摘Hepatitis E virus(HEV) infection is now established as an emerging enteric viral hepatitis. Standard treatments in acute and chronic hepatitis E remain to be established. This study undertakes a review of the epidemiology, treatment implication and vaccine prevention from published literature. HEV infection is a worldwide public health problem and can cause acute and chronic hepatitis E. HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are primarily found in developing countries due to waterborne transmission, while the zoonotic potential of genotypes 3 and 4 affects mostly industrialized countries. An awareness of HEV transmission through blood donation, especially in the immunocompromised and solid organ transplant patients, merits an effective anti-viral therapy. There are currently no clear indications for the treatment of acute hepatitis E. Despite concerns for side effects, ribavirin monotherapy or in combination with pegylatedinterferon alpha for at least 3 mo appeared to show significant efficacy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis E. However, there are no available treatment options for specific patient population groups, such as women who are pregnant. Vaccination and screening of HEV in blood donors are currently a global priority in managing infection. New strategies for the treatment and control of hepatitis E are required for both acute and chronic infections, such as prophylactic use of medications, controlling large outbreaks, and finding acceptable antiviral therapy for pregnant women and other patient groups for whom the current options of treatment are not viable.
文摘Iran is known as an endemic country for hepatitis E virus(HEV) infection, while there are variations in the epidemiology of HEV infection throughout the country. The available epidemiological studies in different regions of Iran show HEV seroprevalence of 1.1%-14.2% among general population, 4.5%-14.3% among blood donors, 6.1%-22.8% among injecting drug users, 6.3%-28.3% among hemodialysis patients, 1.6%-11.3% among patients infected with other hepatitis viruses, 27.5% among patients with chronic liver disease, 30.8% among kidney transplant recipient patients, and 10%-16.4% among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. These variations reflect differences in the status of public health and hygiene, risk factors, and routes of transmission in different regions and groups. Therefore, it is necessary to review the epidemiology of HEV infection to determine the most prevalent risk factors and routes of transmission, and to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive strategies employed in the public health services of the country. Moreover, the other epidemiological aspects of HEV, including the genotypic pattern, extra hepatic manifestations, and incidence of chronic infection need to be investigated among Iranian population to expand the current knowledge on the epidemiology of HEV and to clarify the real burden of HEV infection. Therefore, this review was performed to provide a general overview regarding the epidemiology of HEV in Iran.
文摘戊型肝炎是一种戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E Virus,HEV)感染后以肝脏损伤为主的急性传染病,主要经粪-口传播,好发于青壮年及中老年人,在孕妇及免疫抑制人群中危害较大。据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)统计,全球每年约有2000万人感染HEV,其中约330万患者出现戊型肝炎症状。近期,通过血源传播而感染HEV的病例受到了广泛关注。经研究发现在全世界的无症状献血者中仅有0.013%~0.281%存在HEV病毒血症,但HEV在非常低的病毒血液浓度下同样具有传染性,并且迄今无特异的治疗药物和方法,所以对献血者进行HEV筛查是必要的。目前HEV筛查政策只在少数国家实施,包括普遍筛查和选择性筛查。而对献血者提供的血液,尚没有明确规定检测HEV感染的标志物。本综述主要通过对比国内外HEV的核酸血液筛查情况探讨其研究进展及必要性。
