BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen-presenting cells in the human body, and DCs with different mature status possess different or even opposite functions. This study was designed to explor...BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen-presenting cells in the human body, and DCs with different mature status possess different or even opposite functions. This study was designed to explore the influence of insulin on the functional status of cord blood-derived DCs and on DC-induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity against pancreatic cancer cell lines. METHODS: Mononuclear cells were isolated from fresh cord blood. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were used to induce or stimulate the mononuclear cells. Insulin at different concentrations served to modify DCs, and then DC morphology, number, and growth status were assessed. The DC immunophenotype was detected with a flow cytometer. The IL-12 in DC supernatant was determined by ELISA. DC functional status was evaluated by the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. T lymphocytes were induced by insulin-modified DCs to become CTLs. The CTL cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cell lines was determined. RESULTS: Mononuclear cells from cord blood can be differentiated into DCs by cytokine induction and insulin modification. With the increase in insulin concentration (2.5-25 mg/L), the expression of DC HLA-DR, CD1 alpha, CD80, and CD83 was significantly increased, the DC ability to secrete IL-12 was significantly improved, DC function to activate autologous lymphocytes was significantly enhanced, and the cytotoxicity of CTLs induced by insulin-modified DCs against pancreatic cancer cell lines was significantly strengthened. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin may facilitate DC induction and maturation, and improve the reproductive activity of autologous lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity of CTLs induced by insulin-modified DCs against pancreatic cancer cell lines was significantly enhanced. Insulin may serve as a factor modifying DCs and inducing CTLs in vitro in insulin biotherapy.展开更多
Under normal metabolic conditions insulin stimulates microvascular perfusion(capillary recruitment) of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue and thus increases blood flow mainly after meal ingestion or physi...Under normal metabolic conditions insulin stimulates microvascular perfusion(capillary recruitment) of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue and thus increases blood flow mainly after meal ingestion or physical exercise.This helps the delivery of insulinitself but also that of substrates and of other signalling molecules to multiple tissues beds and facilitates glucose disposal and lipid kinetics.This effect is impaired in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes early in the development of metabolic dysregulation and reflects early-onset endothelial dysfunction.Failure of insulin to increase muscle and adipose tissue blood flow results in decreased glucose handling.In fat depots,a blunted postprandial blood flow response will result in an insufficient suppression of lipolysis and an increased spill over of fatty acids in the circulation,leading to a more pronounced insulin resistant state in skeletal muscle.This defect in blood flow response is apparent even in the prediabetic state,implying that it is a facet of insulin resistance and exists long before overt hyperglycaemia develops.The following review intends to summarize the contribution of blood flow impairment to the development of the atherogenic dysglycemia and dyslipidaemia.展开更多
The association between fasting plasma ghrelin levels and insulin resistance and blood pressure(BP) in octogenarians was investigated in this study.A total of 487 unrelated octogenarians(including 203 men and 284 wome...The association between fasting plasma ghrelin levels and insulin resistance and blood pressure(BP) in octogenarians was investigated in this study.A total of 487 unrelated octogenarians(including 203 men and 284 women) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study at the Healthy Care Center of Shanghai East Hospital,Tongji University,China,from October 2008 to April 2009.Plasma ghrelin was determined by using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR).The age of the participants ranged from 80 to 89 years(mean=83.9±4.8 years) with a body mass index(BMI) of 25.3±4.9 kg/m2.Plasma ghrelin level[w1]s were 20.94±5.34 μg/L,being 20.89±5.53 μg/L in men and 21.38±3.73 μg/L in women respectively.Plasma ghrelin was not associated with systolic(P=0.981) or diastolic(P=0.724) BP,waist circumference(P=0.278),fasting insulin(P=0.246),fasting blood glucose(FBG)(P=0.693) and HOMA-IR(P=0.232).In the control cohort,no significant differences in plasma ghrelin were found between genders(P=0.489),and among subjects with hypertension(BP>140/90 mmHg)(P=0.284) and type 2 diabetes(P=0.776).In conclusion,fasting plasma ghrelin levels are not directly correlated with insulin resistance and BP among octogenarians.展开更多
目的分析脾瘅方加减联合二甲双胍治疗肥胖型2型糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM)患者的临床疗效及对其血脂、胰岛素抵抗指数(Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance,HOMA-IR)的影响。方法选取2022年1月—2023年2月...目的分析脾瘅方加减联合二甲双胍治疗肥胖型2型糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM)患者的临床疗效及对其血脂、胰岛素抵抗指数(Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance,HOMA-IR)的影响。方法选取2022年1月—2023年2月期间就诊于济宁市中医院的肥胖型T2DM患者100例作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组常规服用二甲双胍0.5 g/次,3次/d;观察组在对照组基础上加用脾瘅方对症加减治疗。治疗12周后观察比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后血糖指标[血糖(Fasting blood glucose,FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2-hour postprandial blood glucose,2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋(Glycosylated hemoglobinA1c,HbA1c)]、中医证候积分、血脂指标[总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白(Low density lipoprotein,LDL-C)]、胰岛素指标[空腹胰岛素(Fasting insulin,FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance,HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(Homeostatic model assessment ofβ-cell function,HOMA-β)]及炎症因子[白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(Highsensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)]水平。结果治疗后观察组临床总有效率94.00%(47/50)明显高于对照组78.00%(39/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血糖FBG、2 h PBG、HbAlc指标及中医证候积分均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组血糖FBG、2 h PBG、HbAlc指标及中医证候积分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血脂指标TG、TC、LDL-C均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组血脂指标TG、TC、LDL-C均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者胰岛素FINS、HOMA-IR指标均较治疗前降低,HOMA-β指标均较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组胰岛素FINS、HOMA-IR指标明显低于对照组,HOMA-β指标明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者炎症因子IL-6、hs-CRP水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组炎症因子IL-6、hs-CRP水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脾瘅方加减联合二甲双胍治疗肥胖型T2DM患者能有效调节血糖、血脂水平,改善胰岛素抵抗,减轻炎症反应,临床疗效显著。展开更多
Diabetes therapy is normally based on discrete insulin infusion that uses long-time interval measurements. Nevertheless, in this paper, a continuous drug infusion closed-loop control system was proposed to avoid the t...Diabetes therapy is normally based on discrete insulin infusion that uses long-time interval measurements. Nevertheless, in this paper, a continuous drug infusion closed-loop control system was proposed to avoid the traditional discrete approaches by automating diabetes therapy. Based on a continuous insulin injection model, two controllers were designed to deal with this plant. The controllers designed in this paper are: proportional integral derivative (PID), and fuzzy logic controllers (FLC). Simulation results have illustrated that the fuzzy logic controller outperformed the PID controller. These results were based on serious disturbances to glucose, such as exercise, delay or noise in glucose sensor and nutrition mixed meal absorption at meal time.展开更多
High white blood cell count (WBC) and insulin resistance (IR) are interrelated events that contribute to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type-2 diabetes (T2D). However, associations between IR and hematolo...High white blood cell count (WBC) and insulin resistance (IR) are interrelated events that contribute to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type-2 diabetes (T2D). However, associations between IR and hematological parameters have never been explored in populations of Benin. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of IR and associated hematological parameters in taxi-motorbike drivers (TMDs) working in Cotonou. A total of 133 participants were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Complete blood count, including WBC and platelet, as well as fasting plasma glucose and insulin, were performed by standard procedures. IR was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Factors associated with IR, their odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined by logistic regression analysis. The mean age of the study participants was 39.3 years. The HOMA-IR cut-off (75th percentile) for IR was 5.9. The overall prevalence of IR was 24.1%. IR increased with the increase of exposure duration and WBC levels. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of IR increased significantly with higher total WBC, with adjusted ORs (95% CI) for the second and third tertiles of 3.56 (1.10 - 11.58) and 4.01 (1.21 - 13.31), respectively. Similar patterns of associations were observed in an analysis restricted to non-drinkers, although these estimates lacked statistical significance. BMI > 24.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup> was independently associated with an increased risk of IR (OR = 3.82, 95% CI: 1.33 - 11.03, P = 0.013). In conclusion, the prevalence of IR in TMDs was 24.1%. IR was significantly associated with elevated WBC count and BMI. WBC may serve as a biomarker to identify individuals at the greatest IR risk.展开更多
目的探究二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus Type 2,T2DM)对血糖的控制效果。方法选取2021年6月—2023年6月吉林省人民医院收治的100例T2DM患者为研究对象,以投掷硬币法分为参照组(n=50,二甲双胍治疗)、观察组(n...目的探究二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus Type 2,T2DM)对血糖的控制效果。方法选取2021年6月—2023年6月吉林省人民医院收治的100例T2DM患者为研究对象,以投掷硬币法分为参照组(n=50,二甲双胍治疗)、观察组(n=50,二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗)。比较两组临床治疗效果、不良反应总发生率、血糖控制情况及血清炎性因子水平。结果观察组治疗总有效率(96.00%)高于参照组(84.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.000,P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗半年后血糖水平、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-12水平均降低、白细胞介素-10水平升高,且观察组上述指标优于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗T2DM患者时可提高疗效,患者血糖控制情况更佳,血清炎性因子水平也得到明显改善,安全性较高。展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the 2008Henan Tackling Key Problems in Science and Technology(No.082102310036)
文摘BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen-presenting cells in the human body, and DCs with different mature status possess different or even opposite functions. This study was designed to explore the influence of insulin on the functional status of cord blood-derived DCs and on DC-induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity against pancreatic cancer cell lines. METHODS: Mononuclear cells were isolated from fresh cord blood. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were used to induce or stimulate the mononuclear cells. Insulin at different concentrations served to modify DCs, and then DC morphology, number, and growth status were assessed. The DC immunophenotype was detected with a flow cytometer. The IL-12 in DC supernatant was determined by ELISA. DC functional status was evaluated by the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. T lymphocytes were induced by insulin-modified DCs to become CTLs. The CTL cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cell lines was determined. RESULTS: Mononuclear cells from cord blood can be differentiated into DCs by cytokine induction and insulin modification. With the increase in insulin concentration (2.5-25 mg/L), the expression of DC HLA-DR, CD1 alpha, CD80, and CD83 was significantly increased, the DC ability to secrete IL-12 was significantly improved, DC function to activate autologous lymphocytes was significantly enhanced, and the cytotoxicity of CTLs induced by insulin-modified DCs against pancreatic cancer cell lines was significantly strengthened. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin may facilitate DC induction and maturation, and improve the reproductive activity of autologous lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity of CTLs induced by insulin-modified DCs against pancreatic cancer cell lines was significantly enhanced. Insulin may serve as a factor modifying DCs and inducing CTLs in vitro in insulin biotherapy.
文摘Under normal metabolic conditions insulin stimulates microvascular perfusion(capillary recruitment) of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue and thus increases blood flow mainly after meal ingestion or physical exercise.This helps the delivery of insulinitself but also that of substrates and of other signalling molecules to multiple tissues beds and facilitates glucose disposal and lipid kinetics.This effect is impaired in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes early in the development of metabolic dysregulation and reflects early-onset endothelial dysfunction.Failure of insulin to increase muscle and adipose tissue blood flow results in decreased glucose handling.In fat depots,a blunted postprandial blood flow response will result in an insufficient suppression of lipolysis and an increased spill over of fatty acids in the circulation,leading to a more pronounced insulin resistant state in skeletal muscle.This defect in blood flow response is apparent even in the prediabetic state,implying that it is a facet of insulin resistance and exists long before overt hyperglycaemia develops.The following review intends to summarize the contribution of blood flow impairment to the development of the atherogenic dysglycemia and dyslipidaemia.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No.30600294)Shanghai Scientific and Technological Innovation Plan(No.08411951300)
文摘The association between fasting plasma ghrelin levels and insulin resistance and blood pressure(BP) in octogenarians was investigated in this study.A total of 487 unrelated octogenarians(including 203 men and 284 women) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study at the Healthy Care Center of Shanghai East Hospital,Tongji University,China,from October 2008 to April 2009.Plasma ghrelin was determined by using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR).The age of the participants ranged from 80 to 89 years(mean=83.9±4.8 years) with a body mass index(BMI) of 25.3±4.9 kg/m2.Plasma ghrelin level[w1]s were 20.94±5.34 μg/L,being 20.89±5.53 μg/L in men and 21.38±3.73 μg/L in women respectively.Plasma ghrelin was not associated with systolic(P=0.981) or diastolic(P=0.724) BP,waist circumference(P=0.278),fasting insulin(P=0.246),fasting blood glucose(FBG)(P=0.693) and HOMA-IR(P=0.232).In the control cohort,no significant differences in plasma ghrelin were found between genders(P=0.489),and among subjects with hypertension(BP>140/90 mmHg)(P=0.284) and type 2 diabetes(P=0.776).In conclusion,fasting plasma ghrelin levels are not directly correlated with insulin resistance and BP among octogenarians.
文摘目的分析脾瘅方加减联合二甲双胍治疗肥胖型2型糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM)患者的临床疗效及对其血脂、胰岛素抵抗指数(Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance,HOMA-IR)的影响。方法选取2022年1月—2023年2月期间就诊于济宁市中医院的肥胖型T2DM患者100例作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组常规服用二甲双胍0.5 g/次,3次/d;观察组在对照组基础上加用脾瘅方对症加减治疗。治疗12周后观察比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后血糖指标[血糖(Fasting blood glucose,FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2-hour postprandial blood glucose,2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋(Glycosylated hemoglobinA1c,HbA1c)]、中医证候积分、血脂指标[总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白(Low density lipoprotein,LDL-C)]、胰岛素指标[空腹胰岛素(Fasting insulin,FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance,HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(Homeostatic model assessment ofβ-cell function,HOMA-β)]及炎症因子[白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(Highsensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)]水平。结果治疗后观察组临床总有效率94.00%(47/50)明显高于对照组78.00%(39/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血糖FBG、2 h PBG、HbAlc指标及中医证候积分均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组血糖FBG、2 h PBG、HbAlc指标及中医证候积分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血脂指标TG、TC、LDL-C均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组血脂指标TG、TC、LDL-C均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者胰岛素FINS、HOMA-IR指标均较治疗前降低,HOMA-β指标均较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组胰岛素FINS、HOMA-IR指标明显低于对照组,HOMA-β指标明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者炎症因子IL-6、hs-CRP水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组炎症因子IL-6、hs-CRP水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脾瘅方加减联合二甲双胍治疗肥胖型T2DM患者能有效调节血糖、血脂水平,改善胰岛素抵抗,减轻炎症反应,临床疗效显著。
文摘Diabetes therapy is normally based on discrete insulin infusion that uses long-time interval measurements. Nevertheless, in this paper, a continuous drug infusion closed-loop control system was proposed to avoid the traditional discrete approaches by automating diabetes therapy. Based on a continuous insulin injection model, two controllers were designed to deal with this plant. The controllers designed in this paper are: proportional integral derivative (PID), and fuzzy logic controllers (FLC). Simulation results have illustrated that the fuzzy logic controller outperformed the PID controller. These results were based on serious disturbances to glucose, such as exercise, delay or noise in glucose sensor and nutrition mixed meal absorption at meal time.
文摘High white blood cell count (WBC) and insulin resistance (IR) are interrelated events that contribute to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type-2 diabetes (T2D). However, associations between IR and hematological parameters have never been explored in populations of Benin. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of IR and associated hematological parameters in taxi-motorbike drivers (TMDs) working in Cotonou. A total of 133 participants were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Complete blood count, including WBC and platelet, as well as fasting plasma glucose and insulin, were performed by standard procedures. IR was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Factors associated with IR, their odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined by logistic regression analysis. The mean age of the study participants was 39.3 years. The HOMA-IR cut-off (75th percentile) for IR was 5.9. The overall prevalence of IR was 24.1%. IR increased with the increase of exposure duration and WBC levels. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of IR increased significantly with higher total WBC, with adjusted ORs (95% CI) for the second and third tertiles of 3.56 (1.10 - 11.58) and 4.01 (1.21 - 13.31), respectively. Similar patterns of associations were observed in an analysis restricted to non-drinkers, although these estimates lacked statistical significance. BMI > 24.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup> was independently associated with an increased risk of IR (OR = 3.82, 95% CI: 1.33 - 11.03, P = 0.013). In conclusion, the prevalence of IR in TMDs was 24.1%. IR was significantly associated with elevated WBC count and BMI. WBC may serve as a biomarker to identify individuals at the greatest IR risk.
文摘目的 分析利拉鲁肽治疗冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的临床效果。方法 102例冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者,应用电脑随机选择方式将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组51例。对照组给予二甲双胍治疗,观察组给予二甲双胍结合利拉鲁肽治疗。对比两组心功能指标(左室射血分数、左室舒张末内径、心排血量以及QT离散度)、血糖指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]、胰岛素抵抗情况[胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)]。结果 治疗后,观察组左室射血分数(56.10±9.06)%、左室舒张末内径(45.80±6.64)mm、心排血量(5.60±1.18)L/min、QT离散度(45.03±6.31)ms优于对照组的(50.50±7.90)%、(50.20±7.07)mm、(4.88±1.01)L/min、(53.77±8.50)ms(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组2 h PG(7.28±1.30)mmol/L、FPG(6.06±0.27)mmol/L、HbA1c(5.88±0.32)%优于对照组的(8.71±1.20)mmol/L、(7.01±0.76)mmol/L、(6.65±0.52)%(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组HOMA-β、HOMA-IR优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 结合冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者实际情况应用二甲双胍结合利拉鲁肽治疗,能够有效改善患者的心功能指标、血糖指标及胰岛素抵抗情况,具有优良的应用前景,在今后的工作过程中能够进一步应用。
文摘目的探究二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus Type 2,T2DM)对血糖的控制效果。方法选取2021年6月—2023年6月吉林省人民医院收治的100例T2DM患者为研究对象,以投掷硬币法分为参照组(n=50,二甲双胍治疗)、观察组(n=50,二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗)。比较两组临床治疗效果、不良反应总发生率、血糖控制情况及血清炎性因子水平。结果观察组治疗总有效率(96.00%)高于参照组(84.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.000,P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗半年后血糖水平、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-12水平均降低、白细胞介素-10水平升高,且观察组上述指标优于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗T2DM患者时可提高疗效,患者血糖控制情况更佳,血清炎性因子水平也得到明显改善,安全性较高。