Objective:To establish a polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique based on cytochrome b {cytb) gene of mitochondria DNA(mtDNA) for blood meal identification.Methods:The PCR technique was established based on published...Objective:To establish a polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique based on cytochrome b {cytb) gene of mitochondria DNA(mtDNA) for blood meal identification.Methods:The PCR technique was established based on published information and validated using blood sample of laboratory animals of which their whole gene sequences are available in CenBank.PCR was next performed to compile gene sequences of different species of wild rodents.The primers used were complementary to the conserved region of the cytb gene of vertebrate's mtDNA.A total of 100 blood samples,both from laboratory animals and wild rodents were collected und analyzed.The obtained unknown sequences were compared with those in the GenBank database using BLAST program to identify the vertebrate animal species.Results:Gene sequences of 11 species of wild animals caught in 9 localities of Peninsular Malaysia were compiled using the established PCR. The animals involved were Rattus(rattus) tanezumi,Rattus tiomanicus,Leopoldamys sabanus, Tupaia glis,Tupaia minor,Niviventor cremoriventor,Rhinosciurus laticaudatus,Calloseiurus caniseps,Sundamys muelleri,Rattus rajah,and Maxomys whitelwadi.The BLAST results confirmed the host with exact or nearly exact matches(>89%identity).Ten new gene sequences have been deposited in CenBank database since September 2010.Conclusions:This study indicates that the PCR direct sequencing system using universal primer sets for vertebrate cytb gene is a promising technique for blood meal identification.展开更多
Objective:To demonstrate a noninvasive large mammalian genetic sampling method using blood meal obtained from a tabanid fly.Methods:Blood meal was recovered from the abdomen of an engorged tabanid fly(Haematopota sp.)...Objective:To demonstrate a noninvasive large mammalian genetic sampling method using blood meal obtained from a tabanid fly.Methods:Blood meal was recovered from the abdomen of an engorged tabanid fly(Haematopota sp.)which was captured immediately after biting a Sumatran rhino in captivity.The blood was applied on to a Whatman FTAblood card.Subsequent laboratory work was conducted to extract,amplify and sequence the DNA from the sample.Validation was done by sampling the hair follicles and blood samples from the rhinoceros and subjecting it to the same laboratory process.Results:BLAST search and constructed phylogenetic trees confirmed the blood meal samples were indeed from the rhino.Conclusions:This method could be used in the field application to noninvasively collect genetic samples.Collection of tabanids and other haematophagous arthropods(e.g.mosquitoes and ticks)and other blood-sucking parasites(e.g.leeches and worms)could also provide information on vector-borne diseases.展开更多
The study was designed to determine the growth response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles on diets with two vegetable-carried blood meals (brewers’ dried grains with blood meal (BB) and rumen contents...The study was designed to determine the growth response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles on diets with two vegetable-carried blood meals (brewers’ dried grains with blood meal (BB) and rumen contents with blood meal (RB)) as protein sources and alternatives to imported commercial fish feed (CatCo?). Diets, with BB and RB included at 10%, formulated to supply 45% crude protein and 4,300 Kcal digestible energy/kg in similarity with CatCo?, were used in a 49-day trial in plastic tanks (L × B × H: 53 cm × 37 cm × 29 cm;capacity 50 liters). Juveniles were evaluated in terms of mean final body weight (MFBW), mean weight gain (MWG), average daily gain (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed cost/g gain (FCGA), and mortality (as % survival). CatCo? was superior (P ? was similar (P < 0.05) to BB in PER but inferior in FCGA (0.46 vs. 0.36 Naira/g gain;1 US$ = N150). RB was similar (P < 0.05) to BB in PER but least economical in FCGA (0.51 Naira/g gain). The study demonstrated the potential of vegetable-carried blood meals from brewers’ dried grains and dewatered rumen contents as alternatives for use as feed for African catfish especially juveniles.展开更多
Sun-dried blend of maize offal and blood (SDMBM) was analyzed and its effect on the per- formance of broiler chickens (Anak-2000 strain) evaluated. Fresh blood prevented from coagu- lation, mixed with maize offal, was...Sun-dried blend of maize offal and blood (SDMBM) was analyzed and its effect on the per- formance of broiler chickens (Anak-2000 strain) evaluated. Fresh blood prevented from coagu- lation, mixed with maize offal, was sun-dried, ground, mixed again with blood and ground into a meal after drying again. The crude protein, fat, fibre, ash, ADF and gross energy contents of SDMBM were, 362.0, 45.5, 31.8, 69.3, 52.3 g/kg DM and 4.245 kcal/g, respectively. It was ade- quate in all essential amino acids for growing broiler chickens except methionine. Eighty 14- day-old commercial broiler chicks were ran- domly allocated to four dietary treatments (fed ad libitum;four replicates each) consisting the control diet (0 g SDMBM/kg diet), which con- tained fishmeal, groundnut cake and soybean meal, and three other diets (50, 100 and 150 g SDMBM/kg diet). In a feeding trial, the starter (14 to 35 d) and finisher (35 to 49 d) dietary treat- ments did not have significant impact (P > 0.05) on body weight gain, efficiency of feed conver- sion, mortality and final body weights. The con- trol diet was inferior (P < 0.05) to 50, 100 and 150 g SDMBM/kg diets for feed cost per unit weight gain in the starter phase, 100 g SDMBM/kg diet in the finisher phase, and 100 and 150 g SDMBM/ kg diets for the whole period (14 to 49 d). Overall, the 100 and 150 g superior (P < 0.05) to the con- trol diet in cost of production per unit weight gain and all the SDMBM diets greater than con- trol in economic benefit per unit weight gain. Results suggest that dietary SDMBM up to 150 g/kg diet has a positive effect on broiler per- formance and can totally replace more expen- sive fishmeal.展开更多
Controlling postprandial blood glucose levels can prevent and improve lifestyle-related diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a commercially available vegetable juice, which is a convenient alternative to vege...Controlling postprandial blood glucose levels can prevent and improve lifestyle-related diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a commercially available vegetable juice, which is a convenient alternative to vegetables, on postprandial glucose elevation. In test 1, we confirmed the appropriate timing to consume the vegetable juice (200 mL), and demonstrated that postprandial glucose elevation was attenuated by drinking the vegetable juice with or before the experimental meal. The change in maximum concentration (ΔCmax) of blood glucose was the lowest when the vegetable juice was consumed at 30 min before the meal. In test 2, we confirmed the necessary ingestion volumes of vegetable juice (range: 68.5 - 274 mL) for attenuating the response to 50 g of carbohydrates. After drinking 200 mL of vegetable juice, the ΔCmax and incremental area under the curve values for blood glucose were significantly lower than those for after drinking the same volume of water (p < 0.05). However, a greater volume of vegetable juice did not provide an additive effect. Our results suggest that approximately 200 mL of vegetable juice at 30 min before meals is the most effective method for using vegetable juice to suppress postprandial blood glucose elevation. Stimulation of insulin secretion due to the pre-meal vegetable juice intake may contribute to this effect, although further studies are needed to identify the detailed mechanism for the attenuation.展开更多
基金financially supported by a grant(JPP-IMR Code:09-030) from the Ministry of Health,Malaysia
文摘Objective:To establish a polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique based on cytochrome b {cytb) gene of mitochondria DNA(mtDNA) for blood meal identification.Methods:The PCR technique was established based on published information and validated using blood sample of laboratory animals of which their whole gene sequences are available in CenBank.PCR was next performed to compile gene sequences of different species of wild rodents.The primers used were complementary to the conserved region of the cytb gene of vertebrate's mtDNA.A total of 100 blood samples,both from laboratory animals and wild rodents were collected und analyzed.The obtained unknown sequences were compared with those in the GenBank database using BLAST program to identify the vertebrate animal species.Results:Gene sequences of 11 species of wild animals caught in 9 localities of Peninsular Malaysia were compiled using the established PCR. The animals involved were Rattus(rattus) tanezumi,Rattus tiomanicus,Leopoldamys sabanus, Tupaia glis,Tupaia minor,Niviventor cremoriventor,Rhinosciurus laticaudatus,Calloseiurus caniseps,Sundamys muelleri,Rattus rajah,and Maxomys whitelwadi.The BLAST results confirmed the host with exact or nearly exact matches(>89%identity).Ten new gene sequences have been deposited in CenBank database since September 2010.Conclusions:This study indicates that the PCR direct sequencing system using universal primer sets for vertebrate cytb gene is a promising technique for blood meal identification.
基金supported by the Sime Darby Foundation(Grant code:P23 071000490001)
文摘Objective:To demonstrate a noninvasive large mammalian genetic sampling method using blood meal obtained from a tabanid fly.Methods:Blood meal was recovered from the abdomen of an engorged tabanid fly(Haematopota sp.)which was captured immediately after biting a Sumatran rhino in captivity.The blood was applied on to a Whatman FTAblood card.Subsequent laboratory work was conducted to extract,amplify and sequence the DNA from the sample.Validation was done by sampling the hair follicles and blood samples from the rhinoceros and subjecting it to the same laboratory process.Results:BLAST search and constructed phylogenetic trees confirmed the blood meal samples were indeed from the rhino.Conclusions:This method could be used in the field application to noninvasively collect genetic samples.Collection of tabanids and other haematophagous arthropods(e.g.mosquitoes and ticks)and other blood-sucking parasites(e.g.leeches and worms)could also provide information on vector-borne diseases.
文摘The study was designed to determine the growth response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles on diets with two vegetable-carried blood meals (brewers’ dried grains with blood meal (BB) and rumen contents with blood meal (RB)) as protein sources and alternatives to imported commercial fish feed (CatCo?). Diets, with BB and RB included at 10%, formulated to supply 45% crude protein and 4,300 Kcal digestible energy/kg in similarity with CatCo?, were used in a 49-day trial in plastic tanks (L × B × H: 53 cm × 37 cm × 29 cm;capacity 50 liters). Juveniles were evaluated in terms of mean final body weight (MFBW), mean weight gain (MWG), average daily gain (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed cost/g gain (FCGA), and mortality (as % survival). CatCo? was superior (P ? was similar (P < 0.05) to BB in PER but inferior in FCGA (0.46 vs. 0.36 Naira/g gain;1 US$ = N150). RB was similar (P < 0.05) to BB in PER but least economical in FCGA (0.51 Naira/g gain). The study demonstrated the potential of vegetable-carried blood meals from brewers’ dried grains and dewatered rumen contents as alternatives for use as feed for African catfish especially juveniles.
文摘Sun-dried blend of maize offal and blood (SDMBM) was analyzed and its effect on the per- formance of broiler chickens (Anak-2000 strain) evaluated. Fresh blood prevented from coagu- lation, mixed with maize offal, was sun-dried, ground, mixed again with blood and ground into a meal after drying again. The crude protein, fat, fibre, ash, ADF and gross energy contents of SDMBM were, 362.0, 45.5, 31.8, 69.3, 52.3 g/kg DM and 4.245 kcal/g, respectively. It was ade- quate in all essential amino acids for growing broiler chickens except methionine. Eighty 14- day-old commercial broiler chicks were ran- domly allocated to four dietary treatments (fed ad libitum;four replicates each) consisting the control diet (0 g SDMBM/kg diet), which con- tained fishmeal, groundnut cake and soybean meal, and three other diets (50, 100 and 150 g SDMBM/kg diet). In a feeding trial, the starter (14 to 35 d) and finisher (35 to 49 d) dietary treat- ments did not have significant impact (P > 0.05) on body weight gain, efficiency of feed conver- sion, mortality and final body weights. The con- trol diet was inferior (P < 0.05) to 50, 100 and 150 g SDMBM/kg diets for feed cost per unit weight gain in the starter phase, 100 g SDMBM/kg diet in the finisher phase, and 100 and 150 g SDMBM/ kg diets for the whole period (14 to 49 d). Overall, the 100 and 150 g superior (P < 0.05) to the con- trol diet in cost of production per unit weight gain and all the SDMBM diets greater than con- trol in economic benefit per unit weight gain. Results suggest that dietary SDMBM up to 150 g/kg diet has a positive effect on broiler per- formance and can totally replace more expen- sive fishmeal.
文摘Controlling postprandial blood glucose levels can prevent and improve lifestyle-related diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a commercially available vegetable juice, which is a convenient alternative to vegetables, on postprandial glucose elevation. In test 1, we confirmed the appropriate timing to consume the vegetable juice (200 mL), and demonstrated that postprandial glucose elevation was attenuated by drinking the vegetable juice with or before the experimental meal. The change in maximum concentration (ΔCmax) of blood glucose was the lowest when the vegetable juice was consumed at 30 min before the meal. In test 2, we confirmed the necessary ingestion volumes of vegetable juice (range: 68.5 - 274 mL) for attenuating the response to 50 g of carbohydrates. After drinking 200 mL of vegetable juice, the ΔCmax and incremental area under the curve values for blood glucose were significantly lower than those for after drinking the same volume of water (p < 0.05). However, a greater volume of vegetable juice did not provide an additive effect. Our results suggest that approximately 200 mL of vegetable juice at 30 min before meals is the most effective method for using vegetable juice to suppress postprandial blood glucose elevation. Stimulation of insulin secretion due to the pre-meal vegetable juice intake may contribute to this effect, although further studies are needed to identify the detailed mechanism for the attenuation.
