Astrocytes are intimately involved in the formation and development of retinal vessels. Astrocyte dysfunction is a major cause of blood-retinal barrier injury and other retinal vascular diseases. In this study, the de...Astrocytes are intimately involved in the formation and development of retinal vessels. Astrocyte dysfunction is a major cause of blood-retinal barrier injury and other retinal vascular diseases. In this study, the development of the retinal vascular system and the formation of the blood-ret-inal barrier in mice were investigated using immunolfuorescence staining, gelatin-ink perfusion, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the retinal vascular system of mice develops from the optic disc after birth, and radiates out gradually to cover the entire retina, taking the papilla optica as the center. First, the superifcial vasculature is formed on the inner retinal layer;then, the vasculature extends into the inner and outer edges of the retinal inner nuclear layer, forming the deep vasculature that is parallel to the superifcial vasculature. The blood-retinal barrier is mainly composed of endothelium, basal lamina and the end-feet of astrocytes, which become mature during mouse development. Initially, the naive endothelial cells were immature with few organelles and many microvilli. The basal lamina was uniform in thickness, and the glial end-feet surrounded the outer basal lamina incompletely. In the end, the blood-retinal barrier matures with smooth endothelia connected through tight junctions, rela-tively thin and even basal lamina, and relatively thin glial cell end-feet. These ifndings indicate that the development of the vasculature in the retina follows the rules of“center to periphery”and“superifcial layer to deep layers”. Its development and maturation are spatially and tempo-rally consistent with the functional performance of retinal neurons and photosensitivity. The blood-retinal barrier gradually becomes mature via the process of interactions between astro-cytes and blood vessel cells.展开更多
Introduction: Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, affecting over 463 million people according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Among its complications, diabetic retinopathy stands out as the le...Introduction: Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, affecting over 463 million people according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Among its complications, diabetic retinopathy stands out as the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Physical activity is now recognized as a cornerstone of diabetes management, and its impact on diabetic retinopathy is of growing interest. Observation: Mr. A.E, a 54-year-old man, presents with progressive deterioration of his vision. Family history of diabetes and hypertension is noted. He engages in one hour of physical activity daily, including treadmill running and indoor cycling. Despite recent optical correction, his visual acuity remains at 3/10 unimproved. Ocular imaging, notably fluorescein retinal angiography and optical coherence tomography, reveals proliferative diabetic retinopathy with bilateral macular edema. Blood tests, performed after physical activity, show normal values of blood glucose and HbA1c, delaying the initiation of treatment and promoting the progression of retinopathy. Despite appropriate management, no significant improvement in visual function is observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The management of diabetic retinopathy requires an approach integrating physical activity. A better understanding of the interaction between physical activity and diabetic retinopathy is needed to optimize prevention and treatment strategies.展开更多
目的 本研究主要观察 L ASIK中负压吸引对视网膜微循环血流的影响。方法 采用海德堡视网膜血流仪分别对实施 L ASIK手术的低度、中度和高度的近视患者共 38例6 2眼进行检测 ,测量视盘大血管、视盘颞侧盘沿、视盘鼻侧盘沿、颞侧视盘旁...目的 本研究主要观察 L ASIK中负压吸引对视网膜微循环血流的影响。方法 采用海德堡视网膜血流仪分别对实施 L ASIK手术的低度、中度和高度的近视患者共 38例6 2眼进行检测 ,测量视盘大血管、视盘颞侧盘沿、视盘鼻侧盘沿、颞侧视盘旁视网膜、鼻侧视盘旁视网膜和巩膜筛板的血流 ,并对其手术前后的血流量、血流速和红细胞移动速率进行统计分析。结果 L ASIK手术前后 ,视盘大血管、视盘颞侧盘沿、视盘鼻侧盘沿、颞侧视盘旁视网膜、鼻侧视盘旁视网膜和筛板的血流量、血流速和红细胞移动速率均无显著性差异。结论 L展开更多
Müller cells are macroglia and play many essential roles as supporting cells in the retina.To respond to pathological changes in diabetic retinopathy(DR),a major complication in the eye of diabetic patients,retin...Müller cells are macroglia and play many essential roles as supporting cells in the retina.To respond to pathological changes in diabetic retinopathy(DR),a major complication in the eye of diabetic patients,retinal Müller glia produce a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF or VEGF-A).As VEGF is expressed by multiple retinal cell-types and Müller glia comprise only a small portion of cells in the retina,it has been a great challenge to reveal the function of VEGF or other globally expressed proteins produced by Müller cells.With the development of conditional gene targeting tools,it is now possible to dissect the function of Müller cell-derived VEGF in vivo.By using conditional gene targeting approach,we demonstrate that Müller glia are a major source of retinal VEGF in diabetic mice and Müller cell-derived VEGF plays a significant role in the alteration of protein expression and peroxynitration,which leads to retinal inflammation,neovascularization,vascular leakage,and vascular lesion,key pathological changes in DR.Therefore,Müller glia are a potential cellular target for the treatment of DR,a leading cause of blindness.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30771140,31070952 and U1204311
文摘Astrocytes are intimately involved in the formation and development of retinal vessels. Astrocyte dysfunction is a major cause of blood-retinal barrier injury and other retinal vascular diseases. In this study, the development of the retinal vascular system and the formation of the blood-ret-inal barrier in mice were investigated using immunolfuorescence staining, gelatin-ink perfusion, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the retinal vascular system of mice develops from the optic disc after birth, and radiates out gradually to cover the entire retina, taking the papilla optica as the center. First, the superifcial vasculature is formed on the inner retinal layer;then, the vasculature extends into the inner and outer edges of the retinal inner nuclear layer, forming the deep vasculature that is parallel to the superifcial vasculature. The blood-retinal barrier is mainly composed of endothelium, basal lamina and the end-feet of astrocytes, which become mature during mouse development. Initially, the naive endothelial cells were immature with few organelles and many microvilli. The basal lamina was uniform in thickness, and the glial end-feet surrounded the outer basal lamina incompletely. In the end, the blood-retinal barrier matures with smooth endothelia connected through tight junctions, rela-tively thin and even basal lamina, and relatively thin glial cell end-feet. These ifndings indicate that the development of the vasculature in the retina follows the rules of“center to periphery”and“superifcial layer to deep layers”. Its development and maturation are spatially and tempo-rally consistent with the functional performance of retinal neurons and photosensitivity. The blood-retinal barrier gradually becomes mature via the process of interactions between astro-cytes and blood vessel cells.
文摘Introduction: Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, affecting over 463 million people according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Among its complications, diabetic retinopathy stands out as the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Physical activity is now recognized as a cornerstone of diabetes management, and its impact on diabetic retinopathy is of growing interest. Observation: Mr. A.E, a 54-year-old man, presents with progressive deterioration of his vision. Family history of diabetes and hypertension is noted. He engages in one hour of physical activity daily, including treadmill running and indoor cycling. Despite recent optical correction, his visual acuity remains at 3/10 unimproved. Ocular imaging, notably fluorescein retinal angiography and optical coherence tomography, reveals proliferative diabetic retinopathy with bilateral macular edema. Blood tests, performed after physical activity, show normal values of blood glucose and HbA1c, delaying the initiation of treatment and promoting the progression of retinopathy. Despite appropriate management, no significant improvement in visual function is observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The management of diabetic retinopathy requires an approach integrating physical activity. A better understanding of the interaction between physical activity and diabetic retinopathy is needed to optimize prevention and treatment strategies.
文摘目的 本研究主要观察 L ASIK中负压吸引对视网膜微循环血流的影响。方法 采用海德堡视网膜血流仪分别对实施 L ASIK手术的低度、中度和高度的近视患者共 38例6 2眼进行检测 ,测量视盘大血管、视盘颞侧盘沿、视盘鼻侧盘沿、颞侧视盘旁视网膜、鼻侧视盘旁视网膜和巩膜筛板的血流 ,并对其手术前后的血流量、血流速和红细胞移动速率进行统计分析。结果 L ASIK手术前后 ,视盘大血管、视盘颞侧盘沿、视盘鼻侧盘沿、颞侧视盘旁视网膜、鼻侧视盘旁视网膜和筛板的血流量、血流速和红细胞移动速率均无显著性差异。结论 L
基金Supported by The NIH grants,Nos.GM104934,EY020900 and EY021725(NEI Core)Chinese National Natural Science Foundation grant,No.81200699grants from Presbyterian Health Foundation and Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research and an endowment from Choctaw Nation(to Le YZ)
文摘Müller cells are macroglia and play many essential roles as supporting cells in the retina.To respond to pathological changes in diabetic retinopathy(DR),a major complication in the eye of diabetic patients,retinal Müller glia produce a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF or VEGF-A).As VEGF is expressed by multiple retinal cell-types and Müller glia comprise only a small portion of cells in the retina,it has been a great challenge to reveal the function of VEGF or other globally expressed proteins produced by Müller cells.With the development of conditional gene targeting tools,it is now possible to dissect the function of Müller cell-derived VEGF in vivo.By using conditional gene targeting approach,we demonstrate that Müller glia are a major source of retinal VEGF in diabetic mice and Müller cell-derived VEGF plays a significant role in the alteration of protein expression and peroxynitration,which leads to retinal inflammation,neovascularization,vascular leakage,and vascular lesion,key pathological changes in DR.Therefore,Müller glia are a potential cellular target for the treatment of DR,a leading cause of blindness.
