Diphylleia Grayi-Inspired Intelligent Temperature-Responsive Transparent Nanofiber Membranes

Nanofiber membranes(NFMs) have become attractive candidates for next-generation flexible transparent materials due to their exceptional flexibility and breathability. However, improving the transmittance of NFMs is a great challenge due to the enormous reflection and incredibly poor transmission generated by the nanofiber-air interface. In this research, we report a general strategy for the preparation of flexible temperature-responsive transparent(TRT) membranes,which achieves a rapid transformation of NFMs from opaque to highly transparent under a narrow temperature window. In this process, the phase change material eicosane is coated on the surface of the polyurethane nanofibers by electrospray technology. When the temperature rises to 37 ℃, eicosane rapidly completes the phase transition and establishes the light transmission path between the nanofibers, preventing light loss from reflection at the nanofiber-air interface. The resulting TRT membrane exhibits high transmittance(> 90%), and fast response(5 s). This study achieves the first TRT transition of NFMs, offering a general strategy for building highly transparent nanofiber materials, shaping the future of next-generation intelligent temperature monitoring, anti-counterfeiting measures, and other high-performance devices.

Laser machining of transparent brittle materials: from machining strategies to applications

Transparent brittle materials such as glass and sapphire are widely concerned and applied in consumer electronics, optoelectronic devices, etc. due to their excellent physical and chemical stability and good transparency. Growing research attention has been paid to developing novel methods for high-precision and high-quality machining of transparent brittle materials in the past few decades. Among the various techniques, laser machining has been proved to be an effective and flexible way to process all kinds of transparent brittle materials. In this review, a series of laser machining methods, e.g. laser full cutting, laser scribing, laser stealth dicing, laser filament, laser induced backside dry etching (LIBDE), and laser induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) are summarized. Additionally, applications of these techniques in micromachining, drilling and cutting, and patterning are introduced in detail. Current challenges and future prospects in this field are also discussed.

STUDY ON THE MODIFICATION OF POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE) TRANSPARENT MATERIAL

A kind of transparent plastic material has been prepared with bulk copolymer of MMA-MA containing MA 20 vol% as matrix modified by introducing EtOH during bulk copolymerization to increase the transparency and by copolymerizing together with metallic salts of MA forming ionomer polymer to improve the heat-tolerance and hardness. The effect of the contents of the additives on the heat stability, hardness and transparency of the copolymer has been studied. The optical homogeneity of the copolymer material has also been examined. It has been found that the specific property of transparent material of this kind may be obtained by controlling the amounts of EtOH and metallic salt of MA.

Effect of La_2O_3 on Microstructure and Transmittance of Transparent Alumina Ceramics

Optically transparent alumina ceramics were fabricated by conventional process and sintered without pressure in H2 atmosphere. The results indicate that relative densities of alumina specimens increase to theoretical densities （T. D. ） with increasing content of La2O3. With increasing holding time during sintering, much less pores and larger grains were found in the sintered alumina samples. Higher transmittance was achieved in alumina codoped with MgO and La2O3 as compared with that doped with MgO only. The total-transmittance of alumina sample is up to 86% at twavelength range of 300 - 800 nm.

Fabrication and properties of ZAO powder,sputtering target materials and the related films

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide （ZnO：Al）, abbreviated as ZAO, is a novel and widely used transparent conductive material. The ZAO powder was synthesized by chemical coprecipitation. The ZAO ceramic sputtering target materials were fabricated by sintering in air, and ZAO transparent conductive films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering on glass substrates. XRD proved that such films had an orientation of （002） crystal panel paralleled to the surface of the glass substrate. The average transmittance of the films in the visible region exceeded 80%.

Effect of Additive on Microstructure of Transparent YAG Ceramics

Transparent YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) ceramics were fabricated by solid-state reaction method. Effect of additive (tetraethyl orthosilicate, TEOS) on microstructure of YAG ceramics was investigated. If the addition of TEOS is more than 3% (mass fraction), large amount of liquid phase can be yielded at grain boundaries, resulting in the formation of second phase particles at grain boundaries. If the addition is less than 0.05% (mass fraction), pores are entrapped in the grains. The suitable amount is 0.5% (mass fraction). A fully transparent YAG ceramic was fabricated by vacuum sintering at 1700 ℃ for 5 h. Optical transmittance of the YAG ceramic is 63% in the visible light wavelengths and 70% in the infrared wavelengths.

Preparation of Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Transparent Ceramics by Homogeneous Precipitation Method

substitutes tion, high loosely dis Neodymium doped-yttrium aluminum garnet （Nd ： YAG） transparent polycrystalline ceramics already become of single crystals because they are provided with easy fabrication, low cost, large size, highly doped concentraheat conductivity, mass fabrication, multi-layers and multi-filnctions. The Nd：YAG precursor powders with persed , slightly agglomerated, super fine and YAG cubic crystal phase were synthesized at 1100 ℃ by the homogeneous precipitation method, using Nd2O3, Y2O3, Al（NO3）3·9H2O and urea as raw materials, （NH4）2SO4 as electrical stabilizer, TEOS as sintering additive. The Nd：YAG transparent ceramics were prepared after being vacuum sintered at 1700 ℃ for 5 h. The Nd：YAG ceramic materials were characterized by the TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR, TEM, FEG-ESEM and FT-PL. The results show that the crystallization temperature of YAG is 850 ℃ and the intermediate crystal phase YAP forming during the heat treatment transforms to YAG cubic crystal phase at 1050 ℃. The lasing wavelength of （Nd0.01 Y0.99）3Al5O12 transparent ceramics is 1.065 μm and there exists a slight red-shift compared to the single crystal with the same chemical composition. The optical transmittance is 45 % in the visible light and 58 % in the near infrared light and the optical transmittance descends with the decreasing the wavelength.

Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Transparent Laser Ceramics Prepared by Co-precipitation Method

Transparent polycrystaUine neodymiumdoped yttrium aluminum garnet ceramics （Nd：YAG） with better chemical stability, excellent optical and high temperature mechanical property is becoming a new laser host material. The Nd：YAG precursor powders with loosely dispersed, slightly agglomerated and YAG cubic crystal phase were synthesized at 1100 ℃ by the co-precipitation method combined with the reverse strike,

Enhanced light extraction of GaN-based light-emitting diodes with periodic textured SiO_2 on Al-doped ZnO transparent conductive layer

We report an effective enhancement in light extraction of Ga N-based light-emitting diodes（LEDs） with an Al-doped Zn O（AZO） transparent conductive layer by incorporating a top regular textured SiO2 layer. The 2 inch transparent throughpore anodic aluminum oxide（AAO） membrane was fabricated and used as the etching mask. The periodic pore with a pitch of about 410 nm was successfully transferred to the surface of the SiO2 layer without any etching damages to the AZO layer and the electrodes. The light output power was enhanced by 19% at 20 m A and 56% at 100 m A compared to that of the planar LEDs without a patterned surface. This approach offers a technique to fabricate a low-cost and large-area regular pattern on the LED chip for achieving enhanced light extraction without an obvious increase of the forward voltage.

Fabrication, Structure and Optical Properties of Zr4+ Doped Ba（Mg, Ta） O3 Transparent Ceramics with High Refractive Index

Novel transparent ceramics of Zr^4+doped Ba(Mg,Ta)O3(BMT)with a high refractive index of 2.037 at 587.56 nm were successfully fabricated via high temperature solid-state-reaction sintering method.To make it transparent,the pure cubic Ba(Zr,Mg,Ta)O3phases(BZMT)were realized in advance by skillfully modulating the lattice structure of BMT from trigonal symmetric to cubic symmetric through doping Zr4 into the lattice of BMT crystal.Highly optical transmittance of 74%at 650 nm,which hit the upper limit of the theory,was achieved for BZMT.Both abbe number of 23.4 and the bandgap Eg of 3.22 eV have been calculated.

Theoretical design of multifunctional half-Heusler materials based on first-principles calculations

The family of ABX half-Heusler materials, also called filled-tetrahedral structures, is a special class of ternary compounds hosting a variety of material functionalities including thermoelectricity, topological insulation, magnetism, transparent conductivity and superconductivity. This class of compounds can be derived from two substitution approaches, i.e.,from Heusler materials by removing a portion of atoms forming ordered vacancies thus becoming half-Heusler, or from tetrahedral zinc blende compounds by adding atoms on the interstitial sites thus become filled-tetrahedral structures. In this paper, we briefly review the substitution approaches for material design along with their application in the design of half-Heusler compounds; then we will review the high-throughput search of new half-Heusler filled-tetrahedral structures and the study of their physical properties and functionalities.

COF-based electrochromic materials and devices

The transparency,reflectivity and color for electro-chromic(EC)materials can be changed reversibly under low bias[1].EC materials find wide application in many fields like microelectronics,energy-saving buildings,automobiles,na-tional defense and aerospace industry[2].Compared with inor-ganic EC materials,organic EC materials have advantages like easy modification of molecular structures,rich color changes and fast-switching speed[3].

Continuous Fabrication of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Transparent Conductive Films via Blown Aerosol Technique

Transparent conductive electrodes have pervaded modern technologies since they represent an essential component of various optoelectronic devices. Currently, indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most widely used transparent conductive material. The brittle nature and the limited resource of indium,however,present many challenges for ITO applications in flexibleelectronics.

纳米SiO_(2)复合粒子/有机硅低聚物透明超疏水复合涂层的制备及其性能

将Stöber法制备的胶体SiO_(2)粒子溶液与粉体SiO_(2)粒子进行物理共混得到SiO_(2)复合粒子溶液,以三乙氧基甲基硅烷(MTES)与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体制备的酸性有机硅低聚物为黏结剂,使用3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅(KH540)与全氟癸基三甲基氧硅(PFDT)对其进行改性,通过喷涂法在玻璃基底上制备出SiO_(2)复合粒子/酸性有机硅低聚物复合透明超疏水涂层。考察了SiO_(2)复合粒子、酸性有机硅低聚物、KH540及PFDT对复合涂层的影响。结果表明,当SiO_(2)复合粒子溶液由粒径为110 nm的胶体SiO_(2)粒子溶液与粒径为50 nm的粉体SiO_(2)粒子(其用量为胶体SiO_(2)粒子溶液质量的1%)组成、SiO_(2)复合粒子溶液与酸性有机硅稀释液质量比为4∶1、KH540与PFDT的添加量(以混合液总质量计,下同)均为1%时,制备的复合涂层在可见光波长范围内透光率可达88%,静态接触角达155°,在800目砂纸上磨损60 cm后仍能保持超疏水性能,具有良好的自清洁性。

透明导电材料研究进展

近年来,透明导电材料(Transparent conductive materials, TCM)作为触摸屏、液晶显示器(LCD)、智能窗、太阳电池(Solar cells)、发光二极管(LED)等先进光电子器件中的关键组件,其作用尤其重要。氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜具有优异的光学和电学性能,是光电器件中应用广泛的透明导电材料。然而,铟元素的稀缺性、易碎性以及沉积过程中对底层薄膜的潜在损坏限制了其在未来新型光电子器件中的应用。开发适应高性能光电器件应用的TCM成为当前研究的重点。本文综述了透明导电氧化物、超薄金属和金属网格、介质层/金属/介质层(Dielectric/metal/dielectric, DMD)、碳纳米管和石墨烯等类型的TCM光电性能、应用领域、近年来相应的研究策略和重要成果、面临的挑战以及未来发展方向。

考虑微结构特征的陶瓷材料含损伤本构模型

为了研究不同微结构陶瓷材料的冲击破坏特征,以从微结构角度出发、描述陶瓷材料非弹性变形和断裂行为的Deshpande-Evan模型为基础构建本构模型,计算了无约束条件下材料的应力状态。为了验证改进模型的有效性,将VUMAT子程序编程方法将与ABAQUS有限元软件相结合,并将其应用于典型陶瓷材料(YAG透明陶瓷)冲击破坏过程的分析模拟。采用改进模型分析应变率、应力三轴度、晶粒尺寸及初始缺陷分布密度对YAG透明陶瓷动态力学行为和损伤演化机制的影响规律。结果表明:随着晶粒尺寸和裂纹分布密度的增加,YAG透明陶瓷破坏程度随之加剧,完全损伤区域面积也随之增加,晶粒尺寸对YAG透明陶瓷宏观破坏特征的影响程度要大于裂纹分布密度;YAG透明陶瓷失效强度以及断裂应变随着晶粒尺寸以及初始缺陷分布密度的增大而减小;随着应变率不断增加,YAG透明陶瓷在不同晶粒尺寸以及初始缺陷分布密度下的峰值应力和断裂应变均随之增加;裂纹扩展速度会随着晶粒尺寸的增加呈现出先增加而后平缓的趋势,裂纹扩展速度与初始缺陷分布密度系数成线性关系。改进模型可以描述YAG透明陶瓷微结构对其宏观破坏特征的影响,为进一步分析微结构对陶瓷材料宏观破坏特征的影响提供支撑。

透明类珠宝文物修复技术的研究

透明类珠宝文物修复是当前文物修复保护的难题之一。由于该类文物透明度较高,因此对修复精度以及修复材料的透明度、渗透性等方面提出更高的要求。与之相对的是,当前透明类珠宝文物修复的研究较少,其修复往往仅是简单拼接,缺少一种可行的高精度修复方法和相应的修复材料。在文物修复理念的指导下,本工作以多种修复材料为样本,进行科学的模拟试验。从对接紧密度、透明度、渗透性等角度对修复材料进行多次测试评估后发现,Hxtal NYL-1(海克斯塔)的效果最为理想。而后,通过对比和研究当前破损文物的高精度修复方法,结合透明类珠宝文物特性,设计出一套以负压法原理为基础的透明类珠宝文物修复方法。这种方法能够强化修复材料的渗透能力,解决粘接、补配中的定位问题,通过研磨膏的打磨、抛光,能够进一步消除修复痕迹。最后,将这种修复方法和相应的修复材料成功应用于一件合浦汉墓出土的水晶、绿柱石串饰的修复,并达到了预期的修复效果,进一步验证了这种透明类珠宝文物修复方法的可行性和科学性。

一种透明纸自动拼接装置设计

透明纸作为烟支包装机的重要辅料之一,以圆盘状形式供给包装机,当包装机用完一盘时,需对新旧透明纸带进行剪切和拼接来保证生产的连续性。目前烟草工业多采用金属切刀直接切割人工拼接的方法,但金属切刀无法保证剪切和拼接质量。基于此,研究了一款新型装置,以物料站的形式将自动拼接装置包含在内,通过在物料站缓存的方式,使透明纸处于静止状态,但包装机仍旧连续生产,拼接方式采用加热丝对新旧透明纸进行切割、以胶带自动供给装置黏接胶带。该装置可以显著提高切割精度,降低切割和拼接难度,并保证包装机持续工作,提高自动化水平。

高速铁路声屏障通透隔声板选型设计研究

声屏障通透隔声板是高速铁路声学构件常见类型之一,作为轨旁设施长期承受列车气动荷载,其选型设计是否正确直接影响铁路运营安全。在声屏障通透隔声板选型设计过程中,还存在通透材料抗荷指标未按使用工况进行明确,忽视通透材料厚度设计等问题。为解决上述问题,首先对声屏障通透隔声板通透材料的隔声量、燃烧性能、抗荷性能和抗冲击性能等指标进行分析,给出不同使用场景和不同速度目标值下,玻璃和亚克力等常用通透材料的选用建议;再通过高速铁路通透声屏障列车气动荷载、限制性风速荷载和自然风荷载的取值和工况组合分析,提出声屏障通透隔声板不同工况下的变形抗荷指标、断裂抗荷指标和疲劳抗荷指标;此外,通过对声屏障通透隔声板隔声量、抗冲击性能和挠度的研究,给出不同工况下型材尺寸和不同通透材料厚度。研究表明,常规尺寸的夹层玻璃通透板厚度由抗冲击性能控制,建议其厚度≮(10+0.76+10)mm,台风地区桥梁地段2000 mm×1960 mm规格夹层玻璃厚度建议增加至(11+0.76+11)mm。亚克力材料厚度与通透隔声板尺寸有关,500 mm×1960 mm小尺寸规格亚克力隔声板通透材料厚度由抗冲击性能控制,建议其厚度≮15 mm;1000 mm×1960 mm以上大尺寸规格亚克力隔声板通透材料厚度由挠度控制,其中1000 mm×1960 mm规格亚克力隔声板应用于桥梁地段时,在时速350 km工况下,建议其厚度≮18 mm,台风工况下其厚度≮20 mm。