Relationship between peak oxygen uptake and regional body composition in Japanese subjects

Purpose： To investigate the link between peak oxygen uptake and regional body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry （DEXA） in Japanese subjects. Methods： A total of 93 men （42.2 ± 12.3 years old） and 106 women （43.5 ± 12.3 years old） were enrolled in this cross-sectional investigation study. Peak oxygen uptake was measured by the breath-by-breath method. Regional body composition i.e., body fat mass, lean body mass, and body fat percentage was evaluated using DEXA. In addition, metabolic risk parameters were also evaluated. Results： Peak oxygen uptake was 37.6± 8.7 mL/kg/min in men and 31.1 ± 6.4 mL/kg/min in women, and decreased with age in both genders. Peak oxygen uptake was significantly correlated with total body fat percentage （men： r = -0.684, p 〈 0.0001; women： r = -0.681, p 〈 0.0001）. These associations remained even after adjusting for age and total lean body mass. However, peak work rate was positively and significantly correlated with leg lean body mass. Conclusion： Peak oxygen uptake was closely correlated with total body fat percentage in both genders. Aerobic exercise as well as leg resistance training might be useful for improving peak oxygen uptake in Japanese subjects. Copyright

Epidemiology and short-term mortality in traumatic patients admitted to Shariati Hospital in Iran between 2012 and 2013

Purpose： Trauma is an inevitable part of the health burden in every country. Both the preventive and rehabilitative aspects of traumatic injuries are expensive. Since most of the injuries happen in low- and middle-income developing countries, a judicious allocation of the limited resources to the most cost- efficient strategies is necessary. The present study was designed to report the causes of trauma, injured body regions, trauma severity scores and the one year survival rate of a randomly selected sample of trauma patients in a major referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods： We chose and analyzed a random subgroup of traumatic patients admitted during the one- year period of May 2012 to May 2013 to Shariati Hospital, a major University Teaching Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Patients who stayed at the hospital for less than 24 h were excluded. In total, 73 traumatic patients were registered. The mean age was （40.19 ＋ 20.34） years and 6Z1% of them were male. Results： In general, the most common cause of injury was falls （47.9%）, followed by road traffic crashes （RTCs, 40.8%）. Assault and exposure to inanimate mechanical forces each were only associated with 5.6% of all injuries. The only cause of injury in ages of more than 65 years was fall. The most common cause of injury in ages between 15 and 45 years was RTCs. During the study, two deaths occurred： one was at ICU and the other was at home. The most commonly injured body region was the head （23.8%）, followed by the elbow and forearm （19%）, hip and thigh （15.9%）, and multiple body regions （14.3%）. The mean abbreviated injury score was 2.23 ± 1.02; injury severity index was 7.26 ± 7.06; and revised trauma score was 7.84, calculated for 38 patients. Conclusion： Prevention strategy of traumatic injury should focus on falls and RTCs, which are respec- tively the most common cause of trauma in older aged people and young males.