Adjusting phosphate feeding regimen according to daily rhythm increases eggshell quality via enhancing medullary bone remodeling in laying hens

Background Body phosphorus metabolism exhibits a circadian rhythm over the 24-h daily cycle.The egg laying behavior makes laying hens a very special model for investigating phosphorus circadian rhythms.There is lack of information about the impact of adjusting phosphate feeding regimen according to daily rhythm on the phosphorus homeostasis and bone remodeling of laying hens.Methods and results Two experiments were conducted.In Exp.1,Hy-Line Brown laying hens(n=45)were sampled according the oviposition cycle(at 0,6,12,and 18 h post-oviposition,and at the next oviposition,respectively;n=9 at each time point).Diurnal rhythms of body calcium/phosphorus ingestions and excretions,serum calcium/phosphorus levels,oviduct uterus calcium transporter expressions,and medullary bone(MB)remodeling were illustrated.In Exp.2,two diets with different phosphorus levels(0.32%and 0.14%non-phytate phosphorus(NPP),respectively)were alternately presented to the laying hens.Briefly,four phosphorus feeding regimens in total(each included 6 replicates of 5 hens):(1)fed 0.32%NPP at both 09:00 and 17:00;(2)fed 0.32%NPP at 09:00 and 0.14%NPP at 17:00;(3)fed 0.14%NPP at 09:00 and 0.32%NPP at 17:00;(4)fed 0.14%NPP at both 09:00 and 17:00.As a result,the regimen fed 0.14%NPP at 09:00 and 0.32%NPP at 17:00,which was designed to strengthen intrinsic phosphate circadian rhythms according to the findings in Exp.1,enhanced(P<0.05)MB remodeling(indicated by histological images,serum markers and bone mineralization gene expressions),elevated(P<0.05)oviduct uterus calcium transportation(indicated by transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 protein expression),and subsequently increased(P<0.05)eggshell thickness,eggshell strength,egg specific gravity and eggshell index in laying hens.Conclusions These results underscore the importance of manipulating the sequence of daily phosphorus ingestion,instead of simply controlling dietary phosphate concentrations,in modifying the bone remodeling process.Body phosphorus rhythms will need to be maintained during the daily eggshell calcification cycle.

Promotion of Tissue Regeneration with Acupuncture

Acupuncture can promote the regeneration of tissues. That acupuncture therapy can be called “Regenerative Acupuncture”, which is based upon the idea that by the unlimited and universal power of qi the process of creation can be triggered again, disabled or destroyed physiological functions of organs and tissues can be restored, and even the reconstruction and renewal of a physically disabled or destroyed organ or tissue might be possible. Regenerative Acupuncture, its point selection and its rationale are based on the ancient and modem Chinese acupuncture literature and clinical experiences of the authors. Now this acupuncture method was introduced by one case report.

Magnetism and Acupuncture

Qi as well as its ability to cure ailments can be released without needling by the application of magnetism. Qi-effects are based upon the magnetic force released by magnetic platelets fastened onto acupoints. This property supports and proves one of the definitions of qi which says, that ＂qi is bio-electrical magnetism＂ or ＂qi is defined as any type of energy which is able to demonstrate power and strength. This energy can be electricity, magnetism, heat, or light＂. Furthermore, it is suggested to use magnet acupuncture parallel to needle acupuncture according to traditional Chinese body acupuncture rules scientifically controlled in order to carry out research on qi and qi-effects. Here it might even be possible to find a quality and even a parameter to measure the intensity of qi-effects, such as by simply measuring the possible change of the heart beat frequency （pulse frequency） before and after application of the needle or magnetic platelet. It is also possible that there is another parameter in existence which will be changed by the impact of qi and acupuncture which still needs to be detected.

Qi,Time and Acupuncture

There is a strong relation among qi, time, and acupuncture. This relation is so close, that it can be said it is of yin-yang nature. Qi stands for yin, time for yang. This fact and its application in acupuncture are known since the times, the Huang Di Nei Jing （Yellow Emperor＇s Inner Canon） was written. The theory of time-related acupuncture, referred to as traditional Chinese chronotherapeutics or chronoacupuncture. In order to achieve better results in acupuncture, time-related acupuncture methods as represented in traditional Chinese chronotherapeufics should be applied in clinic regularly. Furthermore, they should become compulsory for the study of acupuncture.