Pharmacognostic Identification of Yi Medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae

[Objectives] To identify original plant and traits of Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae,and provide experimental data for its identification and application. [Methods] The original plant,traits,and microscopic identification were used. [Results] Essential identification characteristics of Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae: small leaf was 1-2. 5 cm long,while the gynophore was 4-8mm long when bearing fruit; traits mainly included characteristic odor,strong and bitter taste,and spicy flavor; microscopic exclusive identifying characteristics: rich aleurone grain in the root; leaf had lysigenous secretory cavity,and non-glandular hairs and oil droplets were common. [Conclusions] Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae( Ebazema) has distinctive identifying characteristics in original plant,traits,and microscopic tissues. This study is expected to provide certain reference for identification of original plant and medicine and formulation of quality standard for Yi medicine Ebazema,and to provide basis for its further research and development.

Acaricidal Activity of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Against Panonychus citri

Acaricidal activity of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa against Panonychus cirri was tested in the laboratory. Four solvents were used to prepare crude extracts, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, among which ethanol was the most effective one. The results suggested that ethanol extracts of B. sessilicarpa had eminent acaricidal and ovicidal activities. Concentrated extracts were prepared using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, or distilled water as solvent. Mite mortality rates in the concentrated extracts by petroleum ether, chloroform, or distilled water were significantly lower than those by ethyl acetate. The LC50 values of eggs and female mites were 0.7639 and 1.1033 mg mL^-1, respectively. After liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography, the concentrated extracts were separated into 14 groups of fractions and further tests for their acaricidal and ovicidal activities were conducted. Fraction 2 was found to possess higher acaricidal and ovicidal activities. The mortality of eggs and adult mites were 85.83 and 63.07%, respectively. Moreover, fraction 2 showed moderate oviposition inhibition effect （0.8795） against P. citri when the used dose was higher than 2.5 mg mL^-1

Inhibitiont of Obazema on Proliferation of Gastric Cancer BGC-823 Cells and Its Mechanism

[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the inhibiting effect of Obazema on proliferation of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells and its mechanism.[Methods]BGC-823 cells were treated with high,medium and low concentrations of drug-containing serum(0.316%,0.158%and 0.079%)for 0,48,72 and 96 h,respectively.Then,the proliferation of the cells was detected with CCK-8 method,and the expression of related proteins,B lymphocytoma-2(Bcl-2),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt),protein kinase B(Akt)and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),was detected using Western blotting.[Results]The proliferation of the BGC-823 cells was significantly inhibited with different doses of Boenninghausenia albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.ex Meisn.var.albiflora(CH)and B.sessilicarpa Lévl.(S)(P<0.01),in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners.The inhibition of high-dose S on cell proliferation was similar to that of CTX 48 h after administration;the inhibition of high-dose CH on cell proliferation was significantly stronger than that of CTX(P<0.01);different doses of drug administration groups significantly inhibited the expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2 in the BGC-823 cells;the inhibition of high-dose CH on the expression of P-Akt and Bcl-2 and the inhibition of medium-dose CH on the expression of Bcl-2 were significantly stronger than that of CTX(P<0.05,P<0.01),in a certain dose-dependent manner;at the same dose,the inhibition of CH on the expression of the proteins was stronger than that of S(P<0.05,P<0.01);administration of S and CH significantly inhibited the expression of GAPDH compared with CTX(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]Obazema has the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of BGC-823 cells.The mechanism may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2,and GAPDH may be the target gene of its anti-tumor mechanism.The inhibiting effect of CH on BGC-823 cells was more significantly than that of S.

Analysis of Similarities of Different Species of Boenninghausenia Plants by Common and Variant Peak Ratios Dual Indicator Sequence Method

[Objectives] To analyze the similarities of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Levl. and Boenninghausenia albiflora(Hook.) Meiss by the common and variant peak ratio dual indicator sequence method. [Methods] Four different solvents(petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) were used to extract the chemical components of different polar regions of B. sessilicarpa and B. albiflora. UV-visible spectrophotometry(second derivative method) was used to collect the fingerprints of different solvent extracts, and common and variant peak peak ratios were analyzed for the absorption peak data. [Results] The common peak ratio and variant peak ratio data of ground parts of B. albiflora and B. sessilicarpa was S2∶S5(46.2(54.2, 62.5)), compared with the data of other groups, the common peak ratio was the largest, thus the components of ground parts of B. albiflora and B. sessilicarpa were closest and had the largest similarities; the common peak ratio and variant peak ratio data of the components extracted by chloroform from B. albiflora and B. sessilicarpa was Y2∶Y6(54.2(38.5, 46.2)), compared with the data of other groups, the variant peak ratio was the smallest, thus, the chemical components near the chloroform polarity of two kinds of medicinal materials had the largest similarities and smallest differences. [Conclusions] This method is simple and easy to operate, and the ultraviolet fingerprint data of four different polar organic solvent extracts are used for comprehensive analysis, and the results have high specificity and high accuracy. Besides, there are certain similarities and also differences between the chemical components of B. sessilicarpa and B. albiflora. It is expected to provide a new evaluation method for the variety quality of B. sessilicarpa and B. albiflora.

Study on Infrared Fingerprints of Different Sources of Yi Medicine Ebazema

[Objectives] To establish infrared fingerprints of different parts of Boenninghausenia albiflora(Hook.) Reichb.ex Meissn. and Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Levl.(two sources of Yi medicine Ebazema) and analyze the similarity between them. [Methods] The infrared fingerprints of powder of B. albiflora(Hook.) Reichb.ex Meissn. and B. sessilicarpa Levl. were measured, and the common peak rate and variation peak rate of six samples were calculated to establish the sequence analysis method of common peak rate. [Results] There was a very high common peak rate(≥81.3%) and a very low variation peak rate(≤15.4%) between S1 and S4 as well as S2 and S6. There was a low common peak rate between S1 and S3 as well as S3 and S4, and the common peak rate was 42.9% and 47.6% respectively. There was a low common peak rate(≤47.6%) and a high variation peak rate(≥100.0%) between S1 and S3 as well as S3 and S4. [Conclusions] The method is simple and convenient to operate, can quickly identify different parts used as medicine of B. albiflora(Hook.) Reichb.ex Meissn. and B. sessilicarpa Levl.(two sources of Yi medicine Ebazema), and provide a new method to judge whether the two are equivalent when being used as medicine and quality evaluation.