Families of Sordariomycetes

Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota that comprises a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci.The class includes many important plant pathogens,as well as endophytes,saprobes,epiphytes,coprophilous and fungicolous,lichenized or lichenicolous taxa.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats worldwide.This paper reviews the 107 families of the class Sordariomycetes and provides a modified backbone tree based on phylogenetic analysis of four combined loci,with a maximum five representative taxa from each family,where available.This paper brings together for the first time,since Barrs’1990 Prodromus,descriptions,notes on the history,and plates or illustrations of type or representative taxa of each family,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera and a key to these taxa of Sordariomycetes.Delineation of taxa is supported where possible by molecular data.The outline is based on literature to the end of 2015 and the Sordariomycetes now comprises six subclasses,32 orders,105 families and 1331 genera.The family Obryzaceae and Pleurotremataceae are excluded from the class.

Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes

Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota and is characterised by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci.The class includes many important plant pathogens,as well as endophytes,saprobes,epiphytes,and fungicolous,lichenized or lichenicolous taxa.The class includes freshwater,marine and terrestrial taxa and has a worldwide distribution.This paper provides an updated outline of the Sordariomycetes and a backbone tree incorporating asexual and sexual genera in the class.Based on phylogeny and morphology we introduced three subclasses;Diaporthomycetidae,Lulworthiomycetidae and Meliolomycetidae and five orders;Amplistromatales,Annulatascales,Falcocladiales,Jobellisiales and Togniniales.The outline is based on literature to the end of 2014 and the backbone tree published in this paper.Notes for 397 taxa with information,such as new family and genera novelties,novel molecular data published since the Outline of Ascomycota 2009,and new links between sexual and asexual genera and thus synonymies,are provided.The Sordariomycetes now comprises six subclasses,28 orders,90 families and 1344 genera.In addition a list of 829 genera with uncertain placement in Sordariomycetesis also provided.

Taxonomic studies of some often over-looked Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae

Sordariomycetes is an earlier-introduced and one of the widely distributed class of Ascomycota.The class was initially clas-sified based on morphology in having inoperculate and unitunicate asci.With the development of DNA based phylogenetic analysis,several undetermined or polyphyletic members of Sordariomycetes were reclassified.However,not all species belonging to this class have been sequenced and analyzed.There are a number of species,especially those old and poorly studied ones which have never been sequenced before and not even recollected again for further taxonomic verification.One of the main objective in this study is to revise and update the taxonomy of several well-known early and poorly studied spe-cies whose classification are still obscure.Herein,we re-examined the type materials and/or authentic specimens together to explore 74 relatively poorly-studied genera,which mainly belong to Boliniales,Calosphaeriales,Chaetosphaeriales,Jobellisiales,and Sordariales classified under Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae.We provide descriptions,notes,figures and/or drawings and discussed their phylogenetic relationships.As a result,the monotypic Jobellisiales is transferred from Hypocreomycetidae to Diaporthomycetidae.Based on phylogenetic analysis,the polyphyletic Lasiosphaeriaceae is divided into five families,Bombardiaceae(Apodospora,Bombardia,Bombardioidea,Fimetariella and Ramophialophora),Lasiosphaeriaceae(Anopodium,Bellojisia,Corylomyces,Lasiosphaeria,Mammaria and Zopfiella),Lasiosphaeridaceae(Lasiosphaeris),Strattoniaceae(Strattonia)and Zygospermellaceae(Episternus and Zygospermella).In addition,a new family Neoschizotheciaceae is established based on Neoschizothecium.Analysis of the type species of Boothiella,Stel-latospora,Sulcatistroma and Tengiomyces placed them in Sordariaceae,Chaetomiaceae,Hypocreales and Coronophorales,respectively.We classify the genera lacking molecular data based on their morphology and expect them to be recollected;that is,Kacosphaeria in Calosphaeriales;Arnium,Biconiosporella,Camptosphaeria,Diffractella,Emblemospora,Eosphaeria,Periamphispora,Synaptospora and Tripterosporella in Sordariales;Conidiotheca in Sordariomycetes;Copromyces,Effetia,Endophragmiella and Tulipispora are accommodated in Ascomycota.Besides,we establish a new genus Neoschizothecium based on phylogenetic analysis.New combinations proposed:Camaropella amorpha,Cam.microspora,Cam.plana,Clad-orrhinum grandiusculum,Cla.leucotrichum,Cla.terricola,Cla.olerum,Helminthosphaeria plumbea,Immersiella hirta,Jugulospora minor,Lasiosphaeris arenicola,Neoschizothecium aloides,Neo.carpinicola,Neo.conicum,Neo.curvisporum,Neo.fimbriatum,Neo.glutinans,Neo.inaequale,Neo.minicaudum,Neo.selenosporum,Neo.tetrasporum,Neurospora autosteira,Podospora brunnescens,P.flexuosa,P.jamaicensis,P.hamata,P.macrospora,P.spinosa,Strattonia petrogale and Triangularia microsclerotigena,T.nannopodalis,T.praecox,T.samala,T.tarvisina,T.unicaudata,T.yaeyamensis.New epithets are proposed for Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum and Podospora dacryoidea.