Preliminary delivery efficiency prediction of nanotherapeutics into crucial cell populations in bone marrow niche

Several crucial stromal cell populations regulate hematopoiesis and malignant diseases in bone marrow niches.Precise regulation of these cell types can remodel niches and develop new therapeutics.Multiple nanocarriers have been developed to transport drugs into the bone marrow selectively.However,the delivery efficiency of these nanotherapeutics into crucial niche cells is still unknown,and there is no method available for predicting delivery efficiency in these cell types.Here,we constructed a three-dimensional bone marrow niche composed of three crucial cell populations:endothelial cells(ECs),mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs),and osteoblasts(OBs).Mimetic niches were used to detect the cellular uptake of three typical drug nanocarriers into ECs/MSCs/OBs in vitro.Less than 5%of nanocarriers were taken up by three stromal cell types,and most of themwere located in the extracellular matrix.Delivery efficiency in sinusoidal ECs,arteriole ECs,MSCs,and OBs in vivo was analyzed.The correlation analysis showed that the cellular uptake of three nanocarriers in crucial cell types in vitro is positively linear correlated with its delivery efficiency in vivo.The delivery efficiency into MSCs was remarkably higher than that into ECs and OBs,no matterwhat kind of nanocarrier.The overall efficiency into sinusoidal ECswas greatly lower than that into arteriole ECs.All nanocarriers were hard to be delivered into OBs(<1%).Our findings revealed that cell tropisms of nanocarriers with different compositions and ligand attachments in vivo could be predicted via detecting their cellular uptake in bone marrow niches in vitro.This study provided the methodology for niche-directed nanotherapeutics development.

Synergistic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and retinoic acid on inducing the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells into neuron-like cells in adult rats in vitro

BACKGROUND： Under induction of retinoic acid （RA）, bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） can differentiate into nerve cells or neuron-like cells, which do not survive for a long time, so those are restricted to an application. Other neurotrophic factors can also differentiate into neuronal cells through inducing BMSCs; especially, brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） can delay natural death of neurons and play a key role in survival and growth of neurons. The combination of them is beneficial for differentiation of BMSCs. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of BDNF combining with RA on inducing differentiation of BMSCs to nerve cells of adult rats and compare the results between common medium group and single BDNF group. DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study SETTING： Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College MATERIALS： The experiment was carried out in the Clinical Neurological Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical College from September 2003 to April 2005. A total of 24 SD rats, of either gender, 2 months old, weighing 130-150 g, were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical College [certification： SYXK （su） 2002-0038]. Materials and reagents： low-glucose DMEM medium, bovine serum, BDNF, RA, trypsin, separating medium of lymphocyte, monoclonal antibody of mouse-anti-nestin, neuro-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） antibody, SABC kit, and diaminobenzidine （DAB） color agent. All these mentioned above were mainly provided by SIGMA Company, GIBCO Company and Boshide Company. METHODS： Bone marrow of SD rats was selected for density gradient centrifugation. BMSCs were undertaken primary culture and subculture; and then, those cells were induced respectively in various mediums in total of 3 groups, including control group （primary culture）, BDNF group （20 μg/L BDNF） and BDNF＋RA group （20 μg/L BDNF plus 20 μg/L RA）. On the 3^rd and the 7^th days after induction, BMSCs were stained immunocytochemically with nestin （sign of nerve stem cells）, neuron-specific enolase （NSE, sign of diagnosing neurons） and GFAP （diagnosing astrocyte）, and evaluated cellular property. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： Induction and differentiation in vitro of BMSCs in 3 groups RESULTS： （1） Induction and differentiation of BMSCs： Seven days after induction, cells having 2 or more apophyses were observed. Soma shaped like angle or erose form, which were similar to neurons and glial cells having strong refraction. （2） Results of immunocytochemical detection： Three days after induction, rate of positive cells in BDNF＋RA group was higher than that in BDNF group and control group [（86.15±4.58）%, （65.43±4.23）%, （4.18±1.09）%, P 〈 0.01]. Seven days after induction, rate of positive cells was lower in BDNF group and BDNF＋RA group than that in both groups at 3 days after induction [（31.12±3.18）%, （29.35±2.69）%, P 〈 0.01]; however, amounts of positive cells of NSE and GFAP were higher than those at 3 days after induction （P 〈 0.01）; meanwhile, the amount in BDNF＋RA group was remarkably higher than that in BDNF group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Combination of BDNF and RA can cooperate differentiation of BMSCs into neurons and astrocyte, and the effect is superior to single usage of BDNF.

Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor, alone and in combination, on the biological behaviours of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Aim: The effects of granulocyte colony- stimu-lating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentia-tion capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were studied in the experi-ment. Methods: Bone marrow MSCs were col-lected from rabbits successfully, and treated with various concentrations of G-CSF, SCF or a combination of the two. Flow cytometric ana-lyse, MTT test, CFU-F assay, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement were employed. Results: The results of flow cytome-try showed that immunophenotype of the cells were CD29+/CD45-, CD105+/ CD34–, CD90+/ HLADR–. MSCs were shown to constitutively express low levels of c-kit which could be en-hanced by SCF. G-CSF and SCF had an obvious facilitative effect on the proliferation of MSCs in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, G-CSF and SCF would be effective in reversibly pre-venting their differentiation, as showed by the decrease of ALP activity, leading to self-renewal rather than differentiative cell divisions. The effects of G-CSF were superior to SCF. And cells in the group treated with combination of G-CSF and SCF showed more powerful effects than the groups treated with G-CS, SCF, or none of the two. Conclusion: On the whole, these studies demonstrated that MSCs responsed to G-CSF, SCF, and to G-CSF plus SCF in a manner that suppressed differentiation, and promotes proliferation and self-renewal, and support the view that these factors could act synergistically.

Sustained mutagenic effect in bone marrow cells induced by signal nuclide ^(134)Cs retention in skeleton

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The effect of neuropeptides on proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)and substance P (SP) on proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Methods The rBMSCs were isolated using whole bone marrow

Updates in the pathophysiological mechanisms of Parkinson's disease: Emerging role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

AIM: To explore the approaches exerted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve Parkinson&#x02019;s disease (PD) pathophysiology.METHODS: MSCs were harvested from bone marrow of femoral bones of male rats, grown and propagated in culture. Twenty four ovariectomized animals were classified into 3 groups: Group (1) was control, Groups (2) and (3) were subcutaneously administered with rotenone for 14 d after one month of ovariectomy for induction of PD. Then, Group (2) was left untreated, while Group (3) was treated with single intravenous dose of bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). SRY gene was assessed by PCR in brain tissue of the female rats. Serum transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-&#x003b2;1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assayed by ELISA. Brain dopamine DA level was assayed fluorometrically, while brain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and nestin gene expression were detected by semi-quantitative real time PCR. Brain survivin expression was determined by immunohistochemical procedure. Histopathological investigation of brain tissues was also done.RESULTS: BM-MSCs were able to home at the injured brains and elicited significant decrease in serum TGF-&#x003b2;1 (489.7 &#x000b1; 13.0 vs 691.2 &#x000b1; 8.0, P &#x0003c; 0.05) and MCP-1 (89.6 &#x000b1; 2.0 vs 112.1 &#x000b1; 1.9, P &#x0003c; 0.05) levels associated with significant increase in serum BDNF (3663 &#x000b1; 17.8 vs 2905 &#x000b1; 72.9, P &#x0003c; 0.05) and brain DA (874 &#x000b1; 15.0 vs 599 &#x000b1; 9.8, P &#x0003c; 0.05) levels as well as brain TH (1.18 &#x000b1; 0.004 vs 0.54 &#x000b1; 0.009, P &#x0003c; 0.05) and nestin (1.29 &#x000b1; 0.005 vs 0.67 &#x000b1; 0.006, P &#x0003c; 0.05) genes expression levels. In addition to, producing insignificant increase in the number of positive cells for survivin (293.2 &#x000b1; 15.9 vs 271.5 &#x000b1; 15.9, P &#x0003e; 0.05) expression. Finally, the brain sections showed intact histological structure of the striatum as a result of treatment with BM-MSCs.CONCLUSION: The current study sheds light on the therapeutic potential of BM-MSCs against PD pathophysiology via multi-mechanistic actions.

An Enzymologic Study on Bone Marrow Cells in Patients with Aplastic Anemia Treated by Supplementing the Kidney and Removing Blood Stasis

The content of cytochrome oxidase (CCO), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) in bone marrow cells in 68 cases of aplastic anemia before and after treatment was determined by computerized graphical analysis and compared with that of normal volunteers (control group). The significantly lowered CCO and SDH levels and the markedly increased NAP content before treatment (P<0.01) became approximately normal after that of supplementing the kidney and removing blood stasis (P >0.05).

Radiogenotoxicological effect of signal nuclide ^(134)Cs on somatic and germ cells

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麝香黄芪复方滴丸含药血清促进骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化

背景:骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)已被广泛用于治疗神经系统疾病,但由于血脑屏障的限制以及干细胞在受损部位存活率、分化率低,导致治疗效果有限。目的:探讨麝香黄芪复方滴丸含药血清对BMSCs增殖、迁移和向星形胶质细胞分化的影响。方法:SD雄性大鼠连续灌胃麝香黄芪复方滴丸5 d后进行腹主动脉取血,分离血清备用。采用CCK-8法检测体积分数5%,10%,20%含药血清对BMSCs增殖的影响;划痕实验观察体积分数10%含药血清对BMSCs横向迁移的影响;Transwell小室培养BMSCs,用结晶紫染色和DAPI核染色观察体积分数10%含药血清对BMSCs纵向迁移的影响;用含体积分数10%含药血清的诱导液或与星形胶质细胞共培养观察BMSCs向星形胶质细胞分化情况。结果与结论:①体积分数10%和20%含药血清在第2,3天促进细胞增殖更明显,且两种体积分数无统计学差异;②在划痕30,48 h时,10%含药血清组BMSCs迁移量显著高于对照组;③10%含药血清组BMSCs穿过Transwell小室滤过膜的数量高于对照组;④体积分数10%含药血清可能促进BMSCs向星形胶质细胞方向分化,但分化作用较弱,星形胶质细胞能进一步促进含药血清诱导BMSCs向星形胶质细胞方向分化;⑤结果表明,体积分数10%含药血清能促进BMSCs体外增殖、迁移;与星形胶质细胞共培养可能促进BMSCs向星形胶质细胞方向分化。

中医药联合医用水凝胶治疗疾病的策略及意义

背景:医用水凝胶是具有三维结构网络的新型功能高分子材料,具有出色的生物相容性,目前已在组织工程领域、药物载体领域有广泛研究,但基于组织工程探究医用水凝胶与中医药结合治疗疾病的研究还处于初期探索阶段。因此,通过对医用水凝胶机制作用的剖析,整合医用水凝胶与中医药在研究中联合应用的文章,进而更好地为科研工作者提供思路,对中医药与医用水凝胶联合应用具有重要意义。目的:基于组织工程研究探讨中医药联合医用水凝胶治疗疾病的策略及意义。方法:利用PubMed和中国知网数据库,检索有关中医药联合医用水凝胶在组织工程中应用的文献,检索时间为2010年1月至2022年11月,英文检索词为“hydrogel,traditional Chinese medicine,drug carrier,tissue engineering”,中文检索词为“医用水凝胶、中医药、药物载体、组织工程”。根据纳入与排除标准对所有文章进行初筛后,最终纳入61篇文章进行综述。结果与结论:①中医药联合医用水凝胶的应用虽然在关节内、组织器官内、软组织伤口和组织工程等方面有所涉及,但除了中医药结合水凝胶敷料在临床应用治疗软组织损伤外,其他方面尚处于基础实验阶段。②中医药联合医用水凝胶的发展有着巨大潜力和发展前景,但对于性能要求较高的凝胶在制造方面存在一定难度,理化性质精确掌握难度较大。③目前综合来看可注射水凝胶凭借着简便易用的特点,其在与中医药联合使用可延伸范围较广,可用于关节、器官和组织工程相关疾病的治疗;智能水凝胶有较高的灵敏度和可逆转化性也可满足特殊环境下的使用;将两者结合的中医药使用过程中还需要明确中药成分的作用机制。④中医药联合医用水凝胶治疗疾病的策略应着手于中医药对器官、组织、细胞的治疗作用联合适当种类的医用水凝胶进行匹配,可弥补传统中医给药方式和频繁给药的不足,在组织工程方面可以用水凝胶负载中药干预后的干细胞,或者同时负载中药和干细胞用于相关疾病的治疗。⑤在中医药联合医用水凝胶应用的未来研究中,还需要考虑:应当确保医用水凝胶生物性能可以量化,以不同材料不同制造工艺把握水凝胶特性,制造出所需要的符合应用条件的医用水凝胶;在中医药方面需要对已知中药单体、中药复方提取物的治疗效果和应用机制全面了解剖析,在更明了的机制下实现中医药与医用水凝胶更多更完美的结合;借助医学科技创新能力的不断提高,医用水凝胶可以创新性地结合中医药其他传统治疗方法比如针灸、推拿和拔罐等方式进行多角度运用。

全反式视黄酸调控颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化双向效应的体外研究

目的·探究不同浓度全反式视黄酸(all-trans retinoic acid,ATRA)对大鼠颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞(jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,jBMSCs)成骨分化的影响。方法·通过全骨髓贴壁法分离培养4周龄Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠jBMSCs。运用流式细胞术鉴定jBMSCs表面抗原。利用碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)染色/茜素红染色、油红O染色及阿尔辛蓝染色分别对成骨诱导、成脂诱导及成软骨诱导后的jBMSCs进行多向分化潜能检测。分别使用ATRA浓度为0.01、0.1、1、5、10、20μmol/L的成骨诱导液对jBMSCs进行体外成骨诱导,并使用二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)作为对照组,利用CCK8进行细胞活力检测。采用ALP染色和茜素红染色对各浓度组jBMSCs的成骨分化能力进行检测,并筛选后续实验浓度。利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qPCR)、免疫荧光染色分析不同浓度ATRA下jBMSCs成骨相关基因mRNA与蛋白表达水平。结果·流式细胞术分析显示,98%以上的P1代jBMSCs表现为CD29+CD90+CD31−CD45−,与骨髓间充质干细胞表面抗原特点相符。ALP染色/茜素红染色、油红O染色及阿尔辛蓝染色结果证明P1代jBMSCs具有成骨、成脂、成软骨多向分化能力。ALP染色/茜素红染色结果显示,0.01、0.1和1μmol/L ATRA组jBMSCs成骨活性和矿化能力较对照组增强,而继续提升ATRA浓度则使成骨活性与矿化能力减弱,浓度高于5μmol/L时开始低于对照组水平(均P<0.05)。qPCR分析发现,0.1、1μmol/L ATRA组成骨相关基因如Alp、骨唾液酸蛋白(bone sialoprotein,Bsp)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1(collagen typeⅠα1,Col1a1)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,Ocn)表达水平较对照组上升,而继续提升ATRA浓度则使基因表达水平下降,ATRA浓度高于5μmol/L时开始低于对照组水平(均P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色结果显示,0.1、1μmol/L ATRA组较对照组成骨相关蛋白成骨细胞特异性转录因子SP7、ALP及OCN表达增强,而继续提升ATRA浓度则使蛋白表达下降,浓度高于5μmol/L时开始低于对照组水平(均P<0.05)。结论·较低浓度(0.1、1μmol/L)ATRA可促进大鼠jBMSCs成骨分化能力,且该促进效应在0.1μmol/L浓度时达到峰值,进一步提升浓度可使该促进效应减弱。较高浓度(5、10、20μmol/L)ATRA对大鼠jBMSCs成骨分化呈现抑制效应。研究在体外证明ATRA对大鼠jBMSCs成骨分化具双向效应,并鉴定了0.1μmol/L ATRA为大鼠jBMSCs成骨分化的最适浓度,为体内研究的开展与全反式视黄酸的临床应用提供了参考依据。

金丝桃苷纳米粒与骨髓间充质干细胞协同给药修复子宫内膜损伤

目的体外细胞实验评价金丝桃苷壳聚糖纳米粒(hyperoside/chitosan-nanoparticles,Hyp/CS-NPs,Hyp-NPs)对骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)的影响及作用机制;体内动物实验探讨Hyp-NPs与BMSCs协同修复大鼠子宫内膜损伤的效果。方法采用流式实验鉴定BMSCs;采用离子交联法制备Hyp-NPs,激光粒度分析仪及透射电镜进行表征评价;采用划痕实验检测Hyp-NPs对BMSCs的迁移作用;以及构建NRF2慢病毒载体,检测Hyp-NPs对BMSCs的氧化损伤模型的作用机制;动物实验将Hyp-NPs与BMSCs协同移植入子宫内膜损伤大鼠模型宫腔中,利用HE、Masson、IHC、TUNEL及ELISA实验从子宫内膜的一般病理、纤维化、干细胞募集及炎症情况,评价其对大鼠子宫内膜损伤的修复作用及妊娠功能。结果成功分离培养BMSCs;成功制备Hyp-NPs;划痕实验表明Hyp-NPs可促进BMSCs迁移;通过成功构建BMSCs的慢病毒NRF2载体以及细胞氧化损伤模型,表明Hyp-NPs可通过激活NRF2调控BMSCs生物轴;动物实验表明Hyp-NPs与BMSCs协同给药可增加子宫内膜厚度及腺体数量,抗纤维化、抗凋亡及抗炎等促进干细胞归巢,恢复子宫内膜损伤大鼠的妊娠功能。结论Hyp-NPs与BMSCs协同给药可修复子宫内膜损伤。

帕米帕利联合替莫唑胺治疗小细胞肺癌致骨髓抑制1例

1例50岁男性广泛期小细胞肺癌患者使用帕米帕利联合替莫唑胺治疗,5 d后出现发热伴乏力,10 d后症状加重停药,入院诊断为化疗后骨髓抑制(4级)。临床医师评估患者情况,采用Naranjo's评估量表进行不良反应关联性评价,判断骨髓抑制可能为帕米帕利和替莫唑胺共同诱导所致。经对症治疗后患者骨髓抑制缓解。本文探讨骨髓抑制与两药联合使用的相关性及处置措施,简述骨髓抑制发病的危险因素、治疗和预防,指导医务人员在使用类似方案过程中,根据不同个体及时调整治疗方案,加强药品不良反应监测与宣教,为临床安全用药提供参考。

骨髓间充质干细胞来源的外泌体静脉移植对脊髓损伤的修复作用研究

目的:分析骨髓间充质干细胞来源的外泌体静脉移植对脊髓损伤的修复作用。方法:选择2013年10月—2014年3月河南省洛阳正骨医院实验室试验的78例大鼠为研究对象,应用随机抛球法将大鼠分为手术组(n=26)、对照组(n=26)、外泌体组(n=26)。通过脊髓法建立大鼠脊髓损伤模型后,对照组不作处理,手术组在对照组的基础上实施切开减压术,而外泌体组在对照组的基础上实施全骨髓培养法培养大鼠BMSCs,收集P2代细胞上清,应用ExoQuickPrecipitation提取法分离并纯化外泌体,通过透射电镜观察鉴定外泌体形态,采用Westernblot鉴定外泌体表面标志蛋白CD9、CD63,在造模1 h后尾静脉给予外泌体移植500μL。分别采用BBB评分、斜板实验在术后1、3、7、14、21、28 d评价大鼠的运动功能恢复情况,并于术后28 d处死试验大鼠,采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、髓鞘(LFB)染色观察各组脊髓组织形态学改变,尼氏(Nissl)染色观察神经元存活数目。结果:术后各时间点手术组大鼠BBB评分高于对照组和外泌体组,术后7、14、21、28 d外泌体组大鼠BBB评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术组术后各时间点斜板评分高于对照组及外泌体组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。造模后28 d,手术组的脊髓组织HE染色体等均正常,神经元数目减少。结论:BMSCs外泌体静脉移植对脊髓损伤有明显的改善作用,可以提高患者的运动能力,减轻脊髓损伤,加速脊髓损伤的恢复。

Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells improved premature ovarian failure

BACKGROUND Premature ovarian failure(POF)affects many adult women less than 40 years of age and leads to infertility.According to previous reports,various tissue-specific stem cells can restore ovarian function and folliculogenesis in mice with chemotherapy-induced POF.Human embryonic stem cells(ES)provide an alternative source for mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)because of their similarities in phenotype and immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory characteristics.Embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ES-MSCs)are attractive candidates for regenerative medicine because of their high proliferation and lack of barriers for harvesting tissue-specific MSCs.However,possible therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of transplanted ES-MSCs on cyclophosphamide and busulfan-induced mouse ovarian damage have not been evaluated.AIM To evaluate ES-MSCs vs bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs)in restoring ovarian function in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure.METHODS Female mice received intraperitoneal injections of different doses of cyclophosphamide and busulfan to induce POF.Either human ES-MSCs or BMMSCs were transplanted into these mice.Ten days after the mice were injected with cyclophosphamide and busulfan and 4 wk after transplantation of the ESMSCs and/or BM-MSCs,we evaluated body weight,estrous cyclicity,folliclestimulating hormone and estradiol hormone concentrations and follicle count were used to evaluate the POF model and cell transplantation.Moreover,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated 2-deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick end labeling,real-time PCR,Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry and mating was used to evaluate cell transplantation.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze vascular endothelial growth factor,insulin-like growth factor 2 and hepatocyte growth factor levels in ES-MSC condition medium in order to investigate the mechanisms that underlie their function.RESULTS The human ES-MSCs significantly restored hormone secretion,survival rate and reproductive function in POF mice,which was similar to the results obtained with BM-MSCs.Gene expression analysis and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated 2-deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick end labeling assay results indicated that the ES-MSCs and/or BM-MSCs reduced apoptosis in the follicles.Notably,the transplanted mice generated new offspring.The results of different analyses showed increases in antiapoptotic and trophic proteins and genes.CONCLUSION These results suggested that transplantation of human ES-MSCs were similar to BM-MSCs in that they could restore the structure of the injured ovarian tissue and its function in chemotherapy-induced damaged POF mice and rescue fertility.The possible mechanisms of human ES-MSC were related to promotion of follicular development,ovarian secretion,fertility via a paracrine effect and ovarian cell survival.

Effect of HuoguⅡFormula(活骨Ⅱ方) with Medicinal Guide Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae on Bone Marrow Stem Cells Directional Homing to Necrosis Area after Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Rabbit

Objective： To investigate the effect of Huogu II Formula （活骨 II方 ） with medicinal guide Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae （Ach） on bone marrow stem cells （BMSCs） homing to necrosis area after osteonecrosis of the femoral head （ONFH） frozen by liquid nitrogen in rabbit as well as to explore the mechanism of prevention and treatment for ONFH. Methods： The animal model of ONFH was established by liquid nitrogen frozen on the rabbit left hind leg. Forty-eight Japanese White rabbits were randomly assigned to sham-operated group, model group, Huogu II group, and Huogu II plus Ach group, with 12 rabbits in each. During the course of ONFH animal model establishment, all rabbits were subcutaneously injected with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [rhG-CSF, 30 μg/（kg.day） for continuous 7 days]. Meanwhile, normal saline and decoction of the two formulae were administrated by gavage, respectively. White blood cells （WBC） were counted in peripheral blood before and after injection of rhG-CSF. Materials were drawn on the 2rid and 4th weeks after model built; bone glutamine protein （BGP） and bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP2） levels in serum were tested. Histopathologic changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. BMP2 mRNA levels were detected with in situ hybridization （iSH） staining. 5-Bromo-2＇-deoxyuridine （BrdU） and stromal cell derived factor 1 （SDF-1） were measured by immunohistochemical assay in femoral head of the left hind leg. Results： Compared with the shamoperated group, the ratio of empty lacuna, serum BGP, and SDF-1 level in the model group increased significantly, and BMP2 in both serum and femoral head decreased significantly. However, in comparison with the model group, the empty lacuna ratio of Huogu II group and Huogu II plus Ach group decreased obviously in addition to the levels of serum BGP and BMP2, and the expressions of BMP2 mRNA, BrdU, and SDF-1 increased significantly. Above changes were particularly obvious in Huogu II plus Ach group. BGP and SDF-1 on the 2nd week and empty lacuna rate and serum BMP2 level on the 4th week in Huogu II group significantly exceeded their counterparts. On the 2nd week, only in Huogu II plus Ach group that the BrdU counting rose significantly. On the 4th week, empty lacuna rate and serum BMP2 level in Huogu II plus Ach group exceeded those in Huogu II group distinctively. Conclusions： To a certain extent, the medicinal guide Ach improves the preventive and therapeutic effects of Huogu II Formula on expedmental ONFH model. The possible mechanism of this is related to its promoting effect on directional homing of BMSCs to the necrosis area.

Effect of Ligustrazine on CD_(34) Antigen Expression of Bone MarrowCells in Immune-Induced Aplastic Anemia Mice

Objective:To explore the effect of ligustrazine on CD34 antigen expression of bone marrow cells in immune-induced aplastic anemia（AA）mice.Methods:The model of immune aplastic anemia mice was in duced by means of 6.0GY60γ-rayirr adi at ion and lym phocyte infusion through tail vein.Immuneinduce dAA micewere divided into 3 groups:thenormal group,the AA control group and the ligustrazine group.Miceof the ligustrazine group were fed by 4 mg of ligustrazine in jecti on twicea day bygastro gavage.On the 10 thday,CD34 an tigen expression intensity of bone marrow cell membrane was measured by flowcy tometer an alysis system.Results:CD34 antigen expressionin tensity of ligustrazine group was 77.6±6.5,with no statistic difference from that in normal group（80.0±2.6),while that of the control group was muchhigher（68.6±4.5,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Ligustrazine could promote proliferation of stem and progenitor cell of AA mice through in fluencing on bone marrowmicro-environment so as to increase the CD34antigen expression of bone marrow cells.

Adipocyte Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell and Platelet Lysate: Ideal Cell and Supplement for the Treatment of Immune-Inflammatory Diseases?

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are being tested for the treatment of immune diseases. MSC are present in several adult tissues which milieu may influence MSC behavior particularly under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, culture conditions also can modify cell function or state of activation. Methods: To address the influence of the MSC source on its characteristics, we studied a xenofree, platelet lysate supplemented MSC from dental pulp, adipose tissue and bone marrow, co-cultured with isolated T cells and PBMC subset, and studied the effect of culture animal or human supplements immunomodulatory effect. Results: All three sources were efficient in inhibiting T cells. Among all MSC sources, as also described by others, adipose MSC was capable to significantly induce Treg phenotype and decrease T CD8+. Furthermore, comparing fetal bovine serum and platelet lysate, results demonstrate that platelet lysate alone is capable to induce immunomodulatory phenotype. Additional studies have to be made to elucidate the PL immunomodulatory effect.

Effect of moxibustion at “Guanyuan”( CV4) and “Sanyinjiao”( SP 6) on bone morphology,metabolism and ERα of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the ovariectomized rats

Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion at'Guanyuan'(CV 4) and'Sanyinjiao'(SP 6) on bone morphology,metabolism and ERαof bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the ovariectomized rats and explore the underlying mechanism of moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on the regulationof bone metabolism. Methods A total of 60 SD ratswere randomized into a normal group (20 rats) and anovariectomy group (40 rats).

Effect of intracoronary autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation on arrhythmia in canines

Objective To observe the survival and the differentiation of grafted bone marrow cells(BM-MNCs)in host myocardium.To observe whether BM-MNCs transplantation can potentially cause arrhythmia and whether the BM-MNCs transplantation can alter the spatial distribution of connexins,important mediator for arrhythmia gen-