AAV-mediated expression of p65shRNA and bone morphogenetic protein 4 synergistically enhances chondrocyte regeneration

BACKGROUND:Adeno-associated virus(AAV)gene therapy has been proven to be reliable and safe for the treatment of osteoarthritis in recent years.However,given the complexity of osteoarthritis pathogenesis,single gene manipulation for the treatment of osteoarthritis may not produce satisfactory results.Previous studies have shown that nuclear factorκB could promote the inflammatory pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes,and bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)could promote cartilage regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To test whether combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 will yield the synergistic effect on chondrocytes regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.METHODS:Viral particles containing AAV-p65-shRNA and AAV-BMP4 were prepared.Their efficacy in inhibiting inflammation in chondrocytes and promoting chondrogenesis was assessed in vitro and in vivo by transfecting AAV-p65-shRNA or AAV-BMP4 into cells.The experiments were divided into five groups:PBS group;osteoarthritis group;AAV-BMP4 group;AAV-p65shRNA group;and BMP4-p65shRNA 1:1 group.Samples were collected at 4,12,and 24 weeks postoperatively.Tissue staining,including safranin O and Alcian blue,was applied after collecting articular tissue.Then,the optimal ratio between the two types of transfected viral particles was further investigated to improve the chondrogenic potential of mixed cells in vivo.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 together showed a synergistic effect on cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.Mixed cells transfected with AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 at a 1:1 ratio produced the most extracellular matrix synthesis(P<0.05).In vivo results also revealed that the combination of the two viruses had the highest regenerative potential for osteoarthritic cartilage(P<0.05).In the present study,we also discovered that the combined therapy had the maximum effect when the two viruses were administered in equal proportions.Decreasing either p65shRNA or BMP4 transfected cells resulted in less collagen II synthesis.This implies that inhibiting inflammation by p65shRNA and promoting regeneration by BMP4 are equally important for osteoarthritis treatment.These findings provide a new strategy for the treatment of early osteoarthritis by simultaneously inhibiting cartilage inflammation and promoting cartilage repair.

Improved Osteointegration of Ti-6Al-4V-implants of Different Surface Texture by the Use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-3 (BMP-3)

Half of altogether 60 cylindrical implant devices made of titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy （ Ti-6Al-4V） were plusna-sprayed with a hydroxyapatite-couting and the other half had a corundum blasted porous surface. 15 implants of each group of the titanium test buplants were coated with 230 μg porcine, high-purified BMP- 3-precipitute per implant. In each case a BMP- 3-couted and an uncoated control-device were implanted into the femoral part of the putellofemoral joint of the right and left leg of 30 adult giant rabbits. Histomorphological and histomorphometrical we found in both groups with BMP- 3-coated test devices an improved osteointegrution. Stutistical evaluation using the t-test for matched samples showed 5 weeks after surgery a significant higher volume of tony formed bone of the BMP- 3-coated corundum- blasted or hydroxyapathe- coated Ti- 6Al- 4 V test devices compared to the non-couted controls of the same t）pe （p 〈 0.01, t-test for matched samples）. In both implant groups with BMP-couting a synergetic effect was verifiable although the bone ongrowth in the hydroxyaputite coated implants was more extensive than in the corundum blasted implants. Light microscopy demonstrated osteointegrution without connective tissue membrane around the surface of the implants. Our results indicate that composite metal implants,as used in endoprosthetics and implantology , are suitable carriers for BMP- 3 and im proved fixation of the implants can be achieved. The hydroxyapatite surface is superior to the corundum-blasted surface with regards to the observed parameters because of its pronounced bioactivity and its osteoconductive characteristics.

Influence of bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor conditional knockout in lens on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in lens

AIM: To investigate the influence of bone morphogenetic protein type IA receptor [BMPR-IA(ALK3)] conditional knockout in lens on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) in lens during the development of the vertebrate eye.METHODS: Cre-positive mice were mated with Crenegative mice to generate 50% Cre-positive(conditional knockout, CKO) 4 embryos, 8 eyes and 50% Cre-negative offspring(wild type, WT) 4 embryos, 8 eyes. The embryos were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned to a thickness of 4 μm.Removal of paraffin wax and dehydrating for sections,and then the procedure of in situ hybridization was processed, BMP4 MK1784-m(BOSTER) was used, and observed the expression of BMP4 in the lens in experimental group and control group. We selected SPSS11.0 software for statistical analysis, P【0.05 showed that the difference was statistically significant.· RESULTS: Four embryos of each genotype were examined, totally we had 8 embryos, 16 eyes. We got the uniform outcomes in all the embryos. We found ALK3 was required during lens growing, but was not essential for the formation of lens. We observed that the expression of BMP4 in the lens was significantly reduced in all 8 ALK3 CKO lens, BMP4 expression was normal in all the 8 WT lens, P 【0.01. This phenomenon became increasingly visible in accordance with embryo development. The most apparent alteration was present at stage E15.5.CONCLUSION: ALK3 is essential for lens growth. The influence of ALK3 on the expression of BMP4 is present during the development of mice lens.

Effects of bone morphogenetic protein-4 on spatial memory and cholinergic expression in the dentate gyrus after fornix-fimbria transection in rats

BACKGROUND： Previous experiments have confirmed bone morphogenetic proteins （BMPs） upregulate cholinergic expression in neurons isolated from the embryonic rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Therefore, BMPs could be useful for treating Alzheimer＇s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE： BMP-4 was infused into the hippocampal dentate gyrus of fomix-fimbria transected rats to test the effects of BMP-4 on cholinergic expression in dentate gyrus neurons, and to observe changes in spatial memory behavior. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery and Laboratory for Cell Biology, Institute of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Twenty-seven healthy adult male Sprague Dawley （SD） rats, weighing 250-300 g, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA. Reagents： BMP-4 （B-2680, Sigma Company） and choline acetyl transferase （CHAT） antibody （AB5042, Chemicon Company） were used in this study. Equipments： a rat stereotaxic instrument （type： SN-2N, Narushige Group, Japan） and Image-prog-plus image analysis software （Media Cybernetics company, USA） were used in this study. The protocol was carried out in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals. METHODS： This experiment was performed in the Institute of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA between July 2004 and March 2005. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups： Alzheimer＇s disease group （n = 7）, normal control group （n = 5）, BMP-4-Alzheimer＇s disease group （n = 8）, and model group （n = 7）. In the Alzheimer＇s disease group, the left hippocampal fomix-fimbria of rats was transected to mimic Alzheimer＇s disease symptoms. In the BMP-4-Alzheimer＇s disease group, 1 μt L BMP-4 （10 mg/L） was perfused into the left dentate gyrus with a microinjector at 1 μ L/min. In the model group, 1 μ L saline was perfused into the same position by the same method. Twenty-eight days after injection, Morris water maze test was performed in all rats to test spatial memory. Time-to-platform and swim-path length were recorded. Immunohistochemical staining of cholinergic neurons was performed on brain sections containing dentate gyrus. The area covered by ChAT-positive cells was analyzed using an Image-prog-plus image analysis software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Area covered by ChAT-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. Time-to-platform and swim path-length. RESULTS： Twenty-seven rats were included in the final analysis. In the Alzheimer＇s disease group, the area covered by ChAT-positive cells was significantly smaller compared with the normal control group （F = 76.03, P 〈 0.01）. The area covered by ChAT-positive cells was significantly larger in the BMP-4- Alzheimer＇s disease group than in the model group （F = 35.17, P 〈 0.05）, but significantly smaller than in the normal control group （F = 40.17, P 〈 0.05）. Time-to-platform and swim-path length were significantly longer in the Alzheimer＇s disease group than in the normal control group （F =24.62 and 631.58, respectively, both P 〈 0.05）. Time-to-platform and swim-path length were significantly shorter in the BMP4-Alzheimer＇s disease group compared with the model group （F= 22.06 and 606.89, respectively P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Injection of BMP-4 into the dentate gyrus of Alzheimer＇s disease model rats alleviates central cholinergic system injury and concomitantly improves spatial memory.

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 affects both trophoblast and non-trophoblast lineage-associated gene expression in human embryonic stem cells

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can be induced to differentiate to trophoblast by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and by aggregation to form embryoid bodies (EB), but there are many differences and controversies regarding the nature of the differentiated cells. Our goals herein were to determine if BG02 cells form trophoblast-like cells (a) in the presence of BMP4-plus-basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and (b) upon EB formation, and (c) whether the BMP4 antagonist noggin elicits direct effects on gene expression and hormone production in the cells. Transcriptome profiling of hESC incubated with BMP4/FGF-2 showed a down-regulation of pluripotency-associated genes, an up-regulation of trophoblast-associated genes, and either a down-regulation or no change in gene expression for many markers of the three embryonic germ layers. Yet, there was up-regulation of several genes associated with mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm, strongly suggesting that differentiation to trophoblast-like cells under the conditions used does not yield a homogeneous cell type. Several genes, heretofore unreported, were identified that are altered in hESC in response to BMP4-mediated differentiation. The production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and estradiol in the differentiated cells confirmed that trophoblast-like cells were obtained. Gene expression by EB was characterized by an up-regulation of a number of genes associated with trophoblast, ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, and the production of hCG and progesterone confirmed that trophoblast-like cells were formed. These results suggest that, in the presence of FGF-2, BG02 cells respond to BMP4 to yield trophoblast-like cells, which are also obtained upon EB formation. Thus, BMP4-mediated differentiation of hESC represents a viable cell system for studying early developmental events post-implantation;however, up-regulation of non-trophoblast genes suggests a somewhat diverse response to BMP4/FGF-2. Noggin altered the transcription of a limited number of genes but, not surprisingly, did not lead to secretion of hormones.

AB004. Regulation of retinal angiogenesis and vascular permeability by bone morphogenetic protein signaling

The bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)family of proteins has a multitude of roles throughout the body.It plays important roles in development and in the adult vascular endothelium,by modulating the angiogenic response.The endothelial-specific receptor BMP receptor Alk1 is of particular importance in the proper remodeling of the vasculature and its ligand BMP9 has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of neovascularization.Dysregulated BMP signaling has been linked to multiple vascular diseases and can lead to the abnormal angiogenesis.We therefore investigated the role of BMP9/Alk1 signaling in retinal angiogenesis,and its therapeutic implications for vascular pathologies of the eye.

异氟醚通过BMP4/Smad信号通路对自发性高血压大鼠脑损伤的作用机制研究

目的:探究异氟醚通过调节骨发生形态蛋白4(BMP4)及其下游Smad蛋白对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)脑损伤的作用机制。方法:采用随机数字表法将48只SHR分为模型组、异氟醚组、阳性药物组、异氟醚+LDN193189组,健康大鼠作为健康对照组,每组12只。各组大鼠分别放入氧气箱中,健康对照组、模型组、阳性药物组大鼠通入特殊气体(30%O_(2)、70%N_(2))1 h,异氟醚组、异氟醚+LDN193189组通入混杂2%异氟醚的特殊气体1 h,通过麻醉气体检测仪检测异氟醚含量,确保异氟醚浓度始终保持在2%。通气结束后,异氟醚+LDN193189组大鼠腹腔内注射BMP4/Smad通路抑制剂溶液20μL(LDN193189,5 mg/kg),阳性药物组大鼠腹腔内注射缬沙坦溶液20μL(10 mg/kg),健康对照组、模型组、异氟醚组大鼠腹腔内注射等量的生理盐水。氧气箱通气实验及注射每日1次,持续10 d。无创血压检测仪检测尾动脉收缩压变化;神经学行为评分评价行为功能;脑含水量检测脑水肿程度;原位末端转移酶标记法(TUNEL)染色和尼氏染色观察海马组织病理学变化及神经元损伤情况;荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)及蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)法检测海马组织BMP4、Smad2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果:与模型组比较,异氟醚组、阳性药物组、异氟醚+LDN193189组大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡减少,尼氏小体增多,血压、神经学评分、脑组织含水量显著降低,BMP4、Smad2 mRNA及蛋白表达量显著升高(P<0.05);与异氟醚组比较,异氟醚+LDN193189组大鼠神经细胞凋亡增多,尼氏小体急剧减少,血压、神经学评分、脑组织含水量显著升高,BMP4、Smad2 mRNA及蛋白表达量显著降低(P<0.05);异氟醚组与阳性药物组各项数据差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:异氟醚可通过促进BMP4/Smad信号通路减轻SHR脑损伤。

糖尿病视网膜病变患者血清BMP4、Netrin-4水平与病情分期及预后的关系研究

目的分析糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者血清骨形态发生蛋白4(BMP4)、神经轴突导向因子4(Netrin-4)水平,并研究其与患者病情分期及预后的关系。方法选取2019年10月至2022年11月该院收治的186例2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,依据是否发生视网膜病变分为DR组(108例)和非DR组(78例),同期选取该院100例体检健康者作为对照组。依据DR患者病情分期将DR患者分为Ⅰ期(19例),Ⅱ期(14例),Ⅲ期(22例),Ⅳ期(23例),Ⅴ期(18例),Ⅵ期(12例),依据DR患者治疗后的视力残疾情况分为预后良好组(72例)及预后不良组(36例)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清BMP4、Netrin-4、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,分析不同病情分期DR患者血清BMP4、Netrin-4水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析DR发生的影响因素,分析不同预后DR患者血清BMP4、Netrin-4水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析DR患者预后不良的诊断价值。结果DR组FPG、HbA1c、SBP、DBP、TG、TC、BMP4、Netrin-4水平高于对照组及非DR组,HDL-C水平低于对照组及DR组(P<0.05)。不同病情分期DR患者血清BMP4、Netrin-4水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HbA1c、BMP4及Netrin-4水平是DR发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。预后不良组血清BMP4、Netrin-4水平高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。血清BMP4、Netrin-4水平联合诊断DR患者预后不良的效能优于各指标单独诊断。结论DR患者血清BMP4、Netrin-4水平升高,可辅助评估患者病情分期,联合诊断患者预后不良的效果较好。

基于TGF-β通路考察BMP4/FBN1对脊髓室管膜瘤增殖侵袭性的影响

目的基于TGF-β通路考察BMP4/FBN1对脊髓室管膜瘤(SCE)增殖侵袭性的影响及其相关机制。方法收集SCE患者肿瘤组织,同时收集正常组织作为对照,分为对照组、病例组。利用SCE患者肿瘤组织培养肿瘤细胞,并用携带FBN1 shRNA,BMP4 shRNA的慢病毒基因敲除FBN1或BMP4蛋白的表达。通过qRT-PCR和Western Blot检测肿瘤组织样本中FBN1和BMP4基因和蛋白表达水平。在BMP4低表达和FBN1低表达肿瘤细胞中通过qRT-PCR检测TGF-β基因表达水平;同时通过CCK-8细胞增殖实验与Transwell侵袭实验进一步检测敲低FBN1或BMP4蛋白的表达对肿瘤细胞增殖和侵袭能力的影响。结果与对照组相比,病例组BMP4和FBN1基因表达量升高(分别为P<0.05,P<0.01),蛋白表达量也升高(P<0.01);敲低FBN或BMP4蛋白不仅可下调SCE细胞中TGF-β基因的表达(分别为P<0.05、P<0.01),同时抑制了SCE细胞的增殖与侵袭能力(分别为P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论本研究基于TGF-β通路,考察关键分子BMP4/FBN1对SCE增殖侵袭性的影响,提示FBN1、BMP4与TGF-β之间可能存在相互作用,为临床治疗罕见病SCE提供可用的理论基础。

AN IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN IN EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURE HEALING OF THE RABBIT MANDIBLE

A monoclonal antibody raised against bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-McAb) has been used to demonstrate the presence of bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) in experimental fracture healing. Rabbit mandibles were fractured using standardized methods and left to heal for 3, 7, 14, 21 and 24 d, respectively. The avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method demonstrated an accumulation of positively stained primitive mesenchymal cells at the fracture site in the hematoma stage of bone repair. These cells appeared to undergo differentiation into positively-stained chondroblasts and osteoblasts during the phase of callus formation. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells showed a high positive reactivity in the early post-fracture stages but a much lower reactivity during the remodelling phase.The results of our study suggest that bone inductive processes are accompanied by the presence of BMP in osteoprogenitor cells during fracture healing of the mandible and that BMP may play a significant role in osteogenesis during bone healing.

The Effect of Simvastatin on mRNA Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1,Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Tooth Extraction Socket

Aim To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the tooth sockets of rat. Methodology Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups （n=24）. Polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer carriers, with or without simvastatin, were implanted into extraction sockets of right mandibular incisors. The expression of TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization in the tooth extraction socket at five days, one week, two weeks and four weeks after implantation. Results The fusiform stroma cells in the tooth extraction socket began to express TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA in both experimental and control groups from one week after tooth extraction until the end of experiment. The expression of TGF-131 and BMP-2 mRNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated after one, two and four weeks, and expression of VEGF mRNA was significantly increased after one and two weeks compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The findings indicate that local administration of simvastatin can influence alveolar bone remodeling by regulating the expression of a school of growth factors which are crucial to osteogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.

Influence of bone morphogenetic protein on articular cartilage regeneration following periosteal grafting

Background: Autologous periosteal grafting is used as treatment for articular cartilage defect. Objective: To study the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) on articular cartilage regeneration following periosteal grafting. Methods: 16 healthy 15 week-old New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes (32 knees) were randomly divided into experimental group (group A) and control group (group B). A4.0 mmdiameter full-thickness articular cartilage defect was created in the femoral intercondylar fossa in all rabbits. Following this, a4.0 mmdiameter section of the periosteum was harvested from the anteromedial part of the upper tibial bone. In group A (eight rabbits, 16 knees), the cartilage defect was covered with periosteum, into which 20 μg BMP and 20% Pluronic were injected. In group B (eight rabbits, 16 knees), the cartilage defect was covered with periosteum, into which the same dosage of 0.9% NS (Normal saline) and 20% Pluronic were injected. All rabbits were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, the cartilage defect areas were examined macroscopically and microscopically, and the morphology of the chondrocytes and collagen fibers were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results: The filling of the defects with regenerated tissue was observed in both the group. The most notable improvement was that the cartilage regeneration in group A was obviously superior to that in group B, with the total histological score in group A significantly higher. Conclusion: BMP is an effective factor that could promote regeneration of articular cartilage and lead to successful cartilaginous resurfacing following periosteal

Human bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene transfer induces human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro

Objective: To identify eukaryotic expression vector of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 pcDNA3/BMP2, verify its expression in transfected human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the effect on hMSCs differentiation. Methods: The BMP2 gene was cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3. Transfected the recombinant into hMSCs by liposome. Immunnohistochemistry and in situ hybridization methods were used to identify the expression of BMP2 mRNA and protein; ALP and Von Kossa stains were performed to identify the BMP2 gene differentiated effect on the hMSCs. Results: The pcDNA3/BMP2 fragments were as large as theory. BMP2 mRNA and protein were expressed and synthesized both in 48 h and 4 weeks after transfection, the ALP and Ca deposit exhibition, which marked the osteogenic lineage of hMSCs, were enhanced and sped. Conclusion: Transfection of pcDNA3/BMP2 is able to provide transient and persistent expression in hMSCs, and promote the MSCs differentiation to osteogenic lineage.

前列腺癌骨转移灶中BMP-2、BMP-4、BMP-7的表达及临床意义

目的检测BMP-2、BMP-4、BMP-7在前列腺癌骨转移灶中的表达,探讨其在前列腺癌成骨性转移中的作用。方法采用免疫组化EnVision法检测28例前列腺癌骨转移病例及17例良性前列腺增生(benign prostate hyperplasia,BPH)病例中BMP-2、BMP-4、BMP-7的表达并对其进行对比分析。结果 BMP-2在所有前列腺癌骨转移灶及BPH病例中均表达,二者中其阳性率及表达强度无明显差异(P>0.05)。BMP-4在前列腺癌骨转移灶及BPH中的阳性率无明显差异(P>0.05),但在前者中BMP-4的表达强度明显高于后者(P<0.05)。BMP-7在前列腺癌骨转移灶中的阳性率及表达强度均明显高于BPH(P<0.05)。在BPH的阳性表达病例中,BMP-2、BMP-4、BMP-7细胞质与细胞核同时阳性的表达率分别为13.3%、7.1%和11.1%,在前列腺癌骨转移灶的阳性表达病例中,BMP-2、BMP-4、BMP-7细胞质与细胞核的同时阳性的表达率均为100%,且细胞核的表达强度明显高于细胞质。结论 BMP-4、BMP-7在前列腺癌骨转移灶中高表达,提示其在前列腺癌的成骨性转移中可能起重要作用。

动脉阻塞性疾病患者血浆骨形态发生蛋白-4的表达变化及其与炎症和血管损伤的相关性

目的:骨形态发生蛋白-4(bone morphogenentic protein-4,BMP4)在动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)的病理过程中具有重要调节作用,但相关的临床研究较少。本研究拟观察以AS为主要病理特点的动脉阻塞性疾病(arterial occlusive disease,ACD)患者血浆BMP4的表达情况,并分析血浆中BMP4与炎症因子和血管损伤标志物之间的相关性。方法:共招募38名诊断为ACD的患者(ACD组)和38名体检志愿者(对照组),抽取ACD组患者术前和对照组体检时的静脉血,比较2组血常规指标的差异。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血浆中BMP4、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-10及血管内皮钙黏蛋白(vascular endothelial cadherin,VE-cadherin)的表达变化,并进一步分析BMP4与以上各指标之间的相关性。结果:与对照组相比,ACD组患者血常规结果表现为中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值[neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR;1.63(1.26,1.91)vs 3.43(2.16,6.61)]和血小板-淋巴细胞比值[platelet to lymphocyte ratio,PLR;6.37(5.26,7.74)vs 15.79(7.97,20.53)]升高、淋巴细胞-单核细胞比值[lymphocyte to monocyte ratio,LMR;5.67(4.41,7.14)vs3.43(2.07,3.74)]下降(均P<0.05);ACD组患者血浆BMP4[581.26(389.85,735.64)pg/mL vs 653.97(510.95,890.43)pg/mL]、TNF-α[254.16(182.96,340.70)pg/mLvs293.29(238.90,383.44)pg/mL]及内皮标志物VE-cadherin[1.54(1.08,2.13)ng/mL vs 1.85(1.30,2.54)ng/mL]的水平均显著升高,而抗炎因子IL-10的水平显著下降[175.89(118.39,219.25)pg/mLvs135.92(95.80,178.04)pg/mL](均P<0.05)。2组间促炎因子IL-1β的差异无统计学意义[300.39(205.39,403.56)pg/mL vs 378.46(243.20,448.69)pg/mL;P=0.09]。相关分析结果表明:血浆BMP4水平与促炎因子IL-1β(r=0.35)、TNF-α(r=0.31)以及内皮标志物VE-cadherin(r=0.47)呈正相关,与抗炎因子IL-10呈负相关(r=-0.37;均P<0.01)。结论:ACD患者血浆BMP4的水平升高,且与患者的炎症水平和血管损伤程度具有相关性。

中药龟板对Parkinson病大鼠模型BMP4表达的影响

为研究益肾中药龟板对Parkinson病(PD)模型大鼠骨形成蛋白4(BMP4)表达的影响,本研究将6-羟基多巴胺注入大鼠黑质建立PD大鼠模型,对模型大鼠行高、低剂量龟板水煎液口服治疗45d后,采用ELISA和RT-PCR方法进行血清中BMP4酶联免疫试验和脑黑质、纹状体中BMP4mRNA的检测。结果显示:PD模型组的BMP4表达明显降低,用龟板治疗后可以显著阻碍此趋势,而且高剂量组比低剂量组效果更为明显(P<0.05)。本研究结果提示,龟板有明显的促进BMP4及BMP4mRNA表达的作用。

鸡BMP4的结构与功能分析

基于NCBI数据库上骨形态发生蛋白4(BMP4)的氨基酸序列,运用生物信息学方法从蛋白理化性质、信号肽、结构域、Motif、三维结构及物种间进化关系等方面对鸡BMP4的结构和功能进行分析。结果表明,鸡BMP4具有信号肽、TGF-β结构域和潜在的糖基化、磷酸化等位点,无跨膜区,成熟肽与模板2h62B有91.18%的氨基酸序列一致,物种间BMP4相似性为90.65%。鸡BMP4具有BMPs家族典型结构,本研究可为BMP4在软骨和骨形成、原始卵泡发育、干细胞向脂肪细胞定向分化以及早期胚胎发育过程中发挥作用奠定基础。

BMP4基因T538C多态性与中国东北地区非综合征性唇腭裂的相关性研究

目的:探究骨形态发生蛋白4(BMP4)基因T538C(rs17563)多态性与东北地区非综合征性唇腭裂(NSCL/P)的相关性。方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP),检测NSCL/P患者85个核心家庭(患儿及患儿父母)、55个非核心家庭(无父、无母或无父无母)及180名正常对照组儿童全血标本中BMP4基因T538C位点多态性。结果:复杂疾病家系关联性遗传分析(FBAT)结果为P>0.05。基因型为杂合子(TC)的发病危险性是基因型为野生纯合型(TT)的1.599倍(P<0.05)。携带C等位基因患NSCL/P的危险性是不携带C等位基因的1.612倍(P<0.05)。结论:BMP4基因T538C的多态性与中国东北地区人群NSCL/P的发病相关。

化疗抑制下骨髓BMP4对造血干/祖细胞周期、凋亡的调控及其机制

目的:探讨5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)诱导的骨髓抑制或应激造血条件下骨形态发生蛋白4(bone morphogenetic protein4,BMP4)对造血干/祖细胞(HSPC)的周期、凋亡调控的作用及其相关机制。方法:设计构建BMP4过表达的C57BL/6转基因小鼠(transgenec group),选取周龄、性别、体重相匹配的野生型(WT)雌鼠为对照组,各实验重复3次。5-FU以150mg/kg的剂量诱导骨髓抑制模型,提取骨髓有核细胞。通过c-kit/Sca-1荧光抗体双标HSPC,分别用AnnexinV/PI和Ki-67/DAPI双染法观察其凋亡和细胞周期的变化。RT-g-PCR检测周期相关的造血调控因子,探讨BMP4调控HSPC细胞周期的分子机制。结果:生理状态下,野生型组和转基因组HSPC细胞周期和凋亡率无明显差异。骨髓抑制后,BMP4过表达小鼠骨髓中HSPC的G0期比例明显降低(P<0.01),凋亡率明显上升(P<0.05)。BMP4过表达小鼠骨髓基质中维持HSPC静息的低氧诱导因子Hif-1α和趋化因子CXCL12水平明显下调(P<0.01)。结论:在造血应激或骨髓抑制等非生理条件下,BMP4蛋白上调能促进HSPC进入细胞周期,促进其凋亡,且可能通过直接或间接下调Hif-1α和CXCL12表达来发挥对HSPC的周期调控功能。

BMP4基因在细毛羊肩部皮肤的表达及其与毛囊密度的关联分析

为了探讨骨形态发生蛋白家族4(BMP4)基因与毛囊密度的关系,试验以敖汉细毛羊为研究对象,采集肩部(多毛区)的皮肤组织样,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定BMP4基因的mRNA表达量,并与肩部皮肤毛囊密度进行关联性分析。结果表明:细毛羊肩部BMP4基因的表达量与毛囊密度之间呈显著负相关(P<0.05),相关系数为-0.391。初步推测BMP4基因可能对毛囊密度的增加起抑制作用。