Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: A case report and literature review

We describe the clinical, imaging and cytopathological features of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP) diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound- guided (EUS-guided) fine-needle aspiration (FNA). A 17-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of an unexplained episodic abdominal pain for 2 mo and a short history of hypertension in the endocrinology clinic. Clinical laboratory examinations revealed polycystic ovary syndrome, splenomegaly and low serum amylase and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Computed tomography (CT) analysis revealed a mass of the pancreatic tail with solid and cystic consistency. EUS confirmed the mass, both in body and tail of the pancreas, with distinct borders, which caused dilation of the peripheral part of the pancreatic duct (major diameter 3.7 mm). The patient underwent EUS-FNA. EUS-FNA cytology specimens consisted of single cells and aggregates of uniform malignant cells, forming microadenoid structures, branching, papillary clusters with delicate fibrovascular cores and nuclear overlapping. Naked capillaries were also seen. The nuclei of malignant cells were round or oval, eccentric with fine granular chromatin, small nucleoli and nuclear grooves in some of them. The malignant cells were periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-Alcian blue (+) and immunocytochemically they were vimentin (+), CA 19.9 (+), synaptophysin (+), chromogranin (-), neuro-specific enolase (-), a1- antitrypsin and a1-antichymotrypsin focal positive. Cytologic findings were strongly suggestive of SPTP. Biopsy confirmed the above cytologic diagnosis. EUS- guided FNA diagnosis of SPTP is accurate. EUS findings,cytomorphologic features and immunostains of cell block help distinguish SPTP from pancreatic endocrine tumors, acinar cell carcinoma and papillary mucinous carcinoma.

Diagnostic value of liquid-based cytology and smear cytology in pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Smear cytology(SC)using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is the established and traditional choice for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.Liquid-based cytology(LBC)is a novel alternative cytological method,however,the comparative diagnostic efficacy of LBC remains inconclusive.AIM To examine the diagnostic efficacy of LBC and SC for pancreatic specimens obtained through EUS-FNA via a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.The numbers of true positives,false positives,true negatives,and false negatives for each cytological test(LBC and CS)were extracted from the included studies.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)were calculated,and the AUC was compared by Tukey's multiple comparisons test.The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies II tool.RESULTS A total of 1656 patients in eight studies were included.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the AUC for LBC were 0.76(95%CI:0.72-0.79),1.00(95%CI:0.98-1.00),and 0.9174,respectively,for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.The pooled estimates for SC were as follows:Sensitivity,0.68(95%CI:0.64-0.71);specificity,0.99(95%CI:0.96-100.00);and AUC,0.9714.Similarly,the corresponding values for LBC combined with SC were 0.87(95%CI:0.84-0.90),0.99(95%CI:0.96-1.00),and 0.9894.Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used to compare the sensitivities and AUCs of the three diagnostic methods;statistically significant differences were found between the three methods,and LBC combined with SC was superior to both LBC(P<0.05)and SC(P<0.05).The pooled sensitivity and AUC did not change significantly in the sensitivity analysis.CONCLUSION LBC may be sensitive than SC in the cytological diagnosis of pancreatic lesions,however,the superior diagnostic performance of their combination emphasizes their integrated usage in the clinical evaluation of pancreatic lesions.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology in pancreaticobiliary carcinomas:diagnostic efficacy of cell-block immunocyto-chemistry

BACKGROUND： Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology was demonstrated to be a useful tool for the diagnosis and staging of pancreaticobiliary neoplastic le- sions. Nonetheless, the diagnostic value of this procedure may be limited by low cellularity of the specimen, contamination of intestinal cells and unfeasibility of ancillary immunocy- tochemical procedures. The present study was to evaluate its usefulness in the diagnosis of neoplastic lesions.

Liquid Based Cytology of Cell Remnants in Needles Used for Breast Fine Needle Aspiration

This study examined cells contained in needles used for the collection of breast fine needle aspirates for the detection of malignant cells trapped in the needles. Remnants of cells contained in 50 needles used for the collection of scanty breast fine needle aspirates were examined by the liquid based cytology technique and compared with the conventional cytological technique of specimens in the corresponding syringes. The breast specimens were collected with clean sterile needles attached to the syringes. Smears were made and stained by the conventional method. The needles were removed from the syringes and a fixative was withdrawn into the syringes and the syringes were recapped with the needles. The fixative containing the specimen was then completely discharged into a centrifuge tube through the needles and treated by the liquid based cytology technique. The study revealed that cells were found trapped in all the needles used for the collection of breast FNA. 6% of them were positive for malignancy, similar to results obtained in the conventional method. Needles used for the collection of breast FNA should be examined before malignancy is completely ruled out particularly in extremely scanty specimens with a clinical suspicion of malignancy.

Non-imaging-guided fine-needle aspiration of liver lesions:aretrospective study of 279 patients

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Comparison of cytological and histological preparations in the diagnosis of pancreatic malignancies using endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine needle aspiration

BACKGROUND:Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) has become a crucial diagnostic technique for pancreatic malignancies.The specimen obtained by EUS-FNA can be prepared for either cytological or histological examinations.This study was to compare diagnostic performance of cytological and histological preparations using EUSFNA in the same lesions when pancreatic malignancies were suspected.METHODS:One hundred and eighteen patients who underwent EUS-FNA for suspected pancreatic malignancies were consecutively enrolled.All procedures were conducted by a single echoendoscopist under the same conditions.Four adequate preparations were obtained by 22-gauge needles with 20 to-and-fro movements for each pass.The 4 preparations included 2 cytological and 2 histological specimens.The pathologic reviews of all specimens were conducted independently by a single experienced cytopathologist.Sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the 2 preparations were compared.RESULTS:The enrolled patients consisted of 62 males(52.5%),with the mean age of 64.6±10.5 years.Surgery was performed in 23(19.5%) patients.One hundred and sixteen(98.3%) lesions were classified as malignant,while 2(1.7%) were benign.Sensitivity of cytology and histology were 87.9% and 81.9%,respectively,with no significant difference(P=0.190).Accuracy was also not significantly different.Cytological preparation was more sensitive when the size of lesion was <3 cm(86.7% vs 68.9%,P=0.033).CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggested that the diagnostic performances of cytological and histological preparations are not significantly different for the diagnosis of pancreatic malignancies.However,cytological preparation might be more sensitive for pancreatic lesions <3 cm.

Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration and useful ancillary methods

The role of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) in evaluating pancreatic pathology has been well documented from the beginning of its clinical use. High spatial resolution and the close proximity to the evaluated organs within the mediastinum and abdominal cavity allow detection of small focal lesions and precise tissue acquisition from suspected lesions within the reach of this method. Fine needle aspiration(FNA) is considered of additional value to EUS and is performed to obtain tissue diagnosis. Tissue acquisition from suspected lesions for cytological or histological analysis allows, not only the differentiation between malignant and non-malignant lesions, but, in most cases, also the accurate distinction between the various types of malignant lesions. It is well documented that the best results are achieved only if an adequate sample is obtained for further analysis, if the material is processed in an appropriate way, and if adequate ancillary methods are performed. This is a multi-step process and could be quite a challenge in some cases. In this article, we discuss the technical aspects of tissue acquisition by EUS-guided-FNA(EUS-FNA), as well as the role of an on-site cytopathologist, various means of specimen processing, and the selection of the appropriate ancillary method for providing an accurate tissue diagnosis and maximizing the yield of this method. The main goal of this review is to alert endosonographers, not only to the different possibilities of tissue acquisition, namely EUS-FNA, but also to bring to their attention the importance of proper sample processing in the evaluation of various lesions in the gastrointestinal tract and other accessible organs. All aspects of tissue acquisition(needles, suction, use of stylet, complications, etc.) have been well discussed lately. Adequate tissue samples enable comprehensive diagnoses, which answer the main clinical questions, thus enabling targeted therapy.

Slow-pull and different conventional suction techniques in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of pancreatic solid lesions using 22-gauge needles

AIM To evaluate the cytological diagnostic capacity and sample quality of the slow-pull technique and compare them with different suction techniques.METHODS From July 2010 to December 2015, 102 patients with pancreatic solid lesions who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) with 22-gauge needles were retrospectively evaluated. EUS-FNA diagnosis was based on a cytological examination, and final diagnosis was based on a comprehensive standard of cytological diagnosis, surgical pathology and clinical or imaging follow-up. Cytological specimens were characterized for cellularity and blood contamination. The cytological diagnostic capacity and sample quality of the slow-pull technique and suction techniques with 5-m L/10-m L/20-m L syringes were analyzed.RESULTS Of all of the EUS-FNA procedures, the slow-pull technique and suction techniques with 5-m L/10-m L/20-m L syringes were used in 31, 19, 34 and 18 procedures, respectively. There were significant differences between these four suction techniques in terms of cytological diagnostic accuracy(90.3% vs 63.2% vs 58.8% vs 55.6%, P = 0.019), sensitivity(88.2% vs 41.7% vs 40.0% vs 36.4%, P = 0.009) and blood contamination(score ≥ 2 for 29.0% vs 52.6% vs 70.6% vs 72.2%, P = 0.003). The accuracy and sensitivity of the slow-pull technique were significantly higher than those of the suction techniques using 5-m L(P = 0.03, P = 0.014), 10-m L(P = 0.005; P = 0.006) and 20-mL syringes(P = 0.01, P = 0.01). Blood contamination was significantly lower in the slow-pull technique than in the suction techniques with 10-m L(P = 0.001) and 20-mL syringes(P = 0.007).CONCLUSION The slow-pull technique may increase the cytological diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity with slight blood contamination during EUS-FNA when using 22-gauge needles for solid pancreatic masses.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy-Recent topics and technical tips

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) is a useful procedure that enables reliable pathological diagnoses of pancreatobiliary diseases, subepithelial lesions, and swollen lymph nodes. In recent years, a pathological diagnosis based on EUS-FNA has made it possible to provide accurate treatment methods not only in these fields, but also in respiratory organs and otorhinolaryngology. This review discusses the latest topics pertaining to EUS-FNA as well as procedural tips.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for suspected malignancies adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract

AIM:To investigate the impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)in association with a multidisciplinary team evaluation for the detection of gastrointestinal malignancies.METHODS:A cohort of 1019 patients with suspected malignant lesions adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract received EUS-FNA after a standardized multidisciplinary team evaluation(MTE)and were divided into 4 groups according to their specific malignant risk score(MRS).Patients with a MRS of 0(without detectable risk of malignancy)received only EUS without FNA.For patients with a MRS score ranging from 1(low risk)-through 2(intermediate risk)-to 3(high risk),EUS-FNA cytology of the lesion was planned for a different time and was prioritized for those patients at higher risk for cancer.The accuracy,efficiency and quality assessment for the early detection of patients with potentially curable malignant lesions were evaluated for the whole cohort and in the different classes of MRSs.The time to definitive cytological diagnosis(TDCD),accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values,and the rate of inconclusive tests were calculated for all patients and for each MRS group.RESULTS:A total of 1019 patients with suspected malignant lesions were evaluated by EUS-FNA.In 515patients of 616 with true malignant lesions the tumor was diagnosed by EUS-FNA;421 patients with resectable lesions received early surgical treatment,and 94patients received chemo-radiotherapy.The overall diagnostic accuracy for the 1019 lesions in which a final diagnosis was obtained by EUS-FNA was 0.95.When patients were stratified by MTE into 4 classes of MRSs,a higher rate of patients in the group with higher cancer risk(MRS-3)received early treatment and EUSFNA showed the highest level of accuracy(1.0).TDCD was also shorter in the MRS-3 group.The number of patients who received surgical treatment or chemo-radiotherapy was significantly higher in the MRS-3 patient group(36.3%in MRS-3,10.7%in MRS-2,and 3.5%in MRS-1).CONCLUSION:EUS-FNA can effectively detect a curable malignant lesions at an earlier time and at a higher rate in patients with a higher cancer risk that were evaluated using MTE.

Impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy for diagnosis of pancreatic masses

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of histologi- cal evaluation of pancreatic tissue samples obtained by a modified method for recovering and processing the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspira- tion (FNA) material in the differential diagnosis of pan- creatic solid masses. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive patients with pan- creatic masses were prospectively studied. EUS was performed by the linear scanning Pentax FG-38UX ech- oendoscope. Three FNAs (22G needle) were carried out during each procedure. The materials obtained with first and second punctures were processed for cytological study. Materials of the third puncture were recovered into 10% formol solution by careful injection of saline so- lution through the needle, and processed for histological study. RESULTS: Length of the core specimen obtained for his- tological analysis was 6.5 ± 5.3 mm (range 1-22 mm). Cytological and histological samples were considered as adequate in 51 (82.3%) and 52 cases (83.9%), respec- tively. Overall sensitivity of both pancreatic cytology and histology for diagnosis of malignancy was 68.4%. Con- trary to cytology, histology was able to diagnose tumours other than adenocarcinomas, and all cases of inflamma- tory masses. Combination of cytology and histology al- lowed obtaining an adequate sample in 56 cases (90.3%), with a global sensitivity of 84.21%, specificity of 100% and an overall accuracy of 90.32%. The complication rate was 1.6%.CONCLUSION: Adequate pancreatic core specimens forhistological examination can be obtained by EUS-guided FNA. This technique is mainly useful for the diagnosis of different types of pancreatic tumours and evaluation of benign diseases.

22-gauge core vs 22-gauge aspiration needle for endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling of abdominal masses

AIM To compare the aspiration needle(AN) and core biopsy needle(PC) in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) of abdominal masses.METHODS Consecutive patients referred for EUS-FNA were included in this prospective single-center trial. Each patient underwent a puncture of the lesion with both standard 22-gauge(G) AN(Echo Tip Ultra; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, United States) and the novel 22 G PC(Echo Tip Pro Core; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, United States) in a randomized fashion; histology was attempted in the PC group only. The main study endpoint was the overall diagnostic accuracy, including the contribution of histology to the final diagnosis. Secondary outcome measures included material adequacy, number of needle passes, and complications.RESULTS Fifty six consecutive patients(29 men; mean age 68 years) with pancreatic lesions(n = 38), lymphadenopathy(n = 13), submucosal tumors(n = 4), or others lesions(n = 1) underwent EUS-FNA using both of the needles in a randomized order. AN and PC reached similar overall results for diagnostic accuracy(AN: 88.9 vs PC: 96.1, P = 0.25), specimen adequacy(AN: 96.4% vs PC: 91.1%, P = 0.38), mean number of passes(AN: 1.5 vs PC: 1.7, P = 0.14), mean cellularity score(AN: 1.7 vs PC: 1.1, P = 0.058), and complications(none). A diagnosis on the basis of histology was achieved in the PC group in 36(64.3%) patients, and in 2 of those as the sole modality. In patients with available histology the mean cellularity score was higher for AN(AN: 1.7 vs PC: 1.0, P = 0.034); no other differences were of statistical significance.CONCLUSION Both needles achieved high overall diagnostic yields and similar performance characteristics for cytological diagnosis; histological analysis was only possible in 2/3 of cases with the new needle.

Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle tissue acquisition:Where we stand in 2013?

Since its introduction,endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)guided fine needle aspiration and fine needle biopsy have become an indispensable tool for the diagnosis of lesions within the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding organs.It has proved to be an effective diagnostic method with high accuracy and low complication rates.Several factors can influence the accuracy and the diagnostic yield of this procedure including experience of the endosonographer,availability of onsite cytopathology services,the method of cytopathology preparation,the location and physical characteristics of the lesion,sampling techniques and the type and size of the needle used.In this review we will outline the recent studies evaluating EUS-guided tissue acquisition and will provide practical recommendations to maximize tissue yield.

Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the characterization of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas

BACKGROUND Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm(SPN)is an uncommon pathology of the pancreas with unpredictable malignant potential.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)assessment plays a vital role in lesion characterization and confirmation of the tissue diagnosis.However,there is a paucity of data regarding the imaging assessment of these lesions.AIM To determine the characteristic EUS features of SPN and define its role in preoperative assessment.METHODS This was an international,multicenter,retrospective,observational study of prospective cohorts from 7 large hepatopancreaticobiliary centers.All cases with postoperative histology of SPN were included in the study.Data collected included clinical,biochemical,histological and EUS characteristics.RESULTS One hundred and six patients with the diagnosis of SPN were included.The mean age was 26 years(range 9 to 70 years),with female predominance(89.6%).The most frequent clinical presentation was abdominal pain(80/106;75.5%).The mean diameter of the lesion was 53.7 mm(range 15 to 130 mm),with the slight predominant location in the head of the pancreas(44/106;41.5%).The majority of lesions presented with solid imaging features(59/106;55.7%)although 33.0%(35/106)had mixed solid/cystic characteristics and 11.3%(12/106)had cystic morphology.Calcification was observed in only 4(3.8%)cases.Main pancreatic duct dilation was uncommon,evident in only 2 cases(1.9%),whilst common bile duct dilation was observed in 5(11.3%)cases.One patient demonstrated a double duct sign at presentation.Elastography and Doppler evaluation demonstrated inconsistent appearances with no emergence of a predictable pattern.EUS guided biopsy was performed using three different types of needles:Fine needle aspiration(67/106;63.2%),fine needle biopsy(37/106;34.9%),and Sonar Trucut(2/106;1.9%).The diagnosis was conclusive in 103(97.2%)cases.Ninety-seven patients were treated surgically(91.5%)and the post-surgical SPN diagnosis was confirmed in all cases.During the 2-year follow-up period,no recurrence was observed.CONCLUSION SPN presented primarily as a solid lesion on endosonographic assessment.The lesion tended to be located in the head or body of the pancreas.There was no consistent characteristic pattern apparent on either elastography or Doppler assessment.Similarly SPN did not frequently cause stricture of the pancreatic duct or common bile duct.Importantly,we confirmed that EUS-guided biopsy was an efficient and safe diagnostic tool.The needle type used does not appear to have a significant impact on the diagnostic yield.Overall SPN remains a challenging diagnosis based on EUS imaging with no pathognomonic features.EUS guided biopsy remains the gold standard in establishing the diagnosis.

FNAC联合FNA-Tg检测在甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结转移中的诊断价值

目的探讨超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查(FNAC)联合细针穿刺洗脱液甲状腺球蛋白(FNA-Tg)在甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)颈侧区淋巴结转移中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析行颈侧区淋巴结清扫术的200例PTC患者的临床资料,术前超声评估颈侧区有可疑转移淋巴结236枚,术后病理证实转移性淋巴结178枚,非转移性淋巴结58枚,所有患者均行FNAC、FNA-Tg检查。以术后病理结果为金标准,比较FNAC、FNA-Tg、FNAC联合FNA-Tg的诊断结果及诊断效能。结果FNAC联合FNA-Tg诊断PTC颈侧区淋巴结转移的灵敏度、准确度、阴性预测值高于单一诊断方法,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论FNAC与FNA-Tg检测方法在临床中能够用于诊断PTC颈侧区淋巴结转移,两者联合检测可以进一步提高诊断效能,值得推广及应用。

超声检查辅助CT或MRI评估放疗头颈癌患者颈部淋巴结肿大的研究

目的本研究旨在评估超声(US)加/不加细针吸取细胞学(FNAC)和计算机断层扫描(CT)/磁共振成像(MRI)评估接受放射治疗的头颈癌患者颈淋巴结病(LAP)的诊断性能。方法回顾性分析269名在2014年1月至2023年1月期间接受放射治疗(RT)或同期放化疗(CCRT)的头颈部癌症患者。诊断方法包括:(1)单纯CT/MRI;(2)CT/MRI结合放疗后超声预测模型;(3)CT/MRI联合US+FNAC。我们使用ROC曲线比较了它们的诊断性能。结果总共观察到141个(52%)恶性淋巴结和128个(48%)良性淋巴结。在诊断准确率方面,CT/MRI和US+FNAC联合检查的ROC曲线下面积最高(0.965),其次是联合CT/MRI和放疗后US预测模型(0.906)和单独CT/MRI(0.836)。结论在评估接受放射治疗的头颈部癌症患者的LAP时,在诊断复发或持续性结节疾病方面,在CT/MRI中添加US检查比单独CT/MRI更高的诊断性能。

国际标准化超细针穿刺甲状腺结节不同细胞学采集模式诊断率的比较

目的:评价甲状腺结节穿刺时不同留样顺序对细胞学诊断率的影响。方法:共入选591例甲状腺结节患者的613个甲状腺结节,所有甲状腺结节均行4针细针穿刺,分为两种模式进行。模式一:304个结节穿刺,前2针进行涂片细胞学检查,后2针再进行液基细胞学检查;模式二:309个结节穿刺,前2针进行液基细胞学检查,后2针再进行传统涂片细胞学制片。细胞病理医师采用盲法单独对每份样本进行读片。比较不同细胞学制片方法以及两种模式对细针穿刺诊断率的影响。结果:先液基后涂片的细胞学采集模式总体诊断率为82.2%,显著高于先涂片后液基的模式(74.7%)(P=0.023)。对于直径≥10 mm的结节来说,先液基后涂片的细胞学采集模式总体诊断率为83.2%,同样显著高于先涂片后液基模式的诊断率(75.4%)(P=0.048);同为前2针,单独液基方法诊断率为78.0%,显著高于单独涂片诊断率(63.8%)(P<0.001);对于直径≥10 mm的结节而言,单独液基诊断率为78.3%,亦显著高于单独涂片的诊断率(62.6%)(P<0.001)。结论:使用国际标准化超细针进行甲状腺细针穿刺,先液基再涂片的细胞学采集模式诊断率显著高于先涂片后液基的采集模式;如果仅以一种方式来收取细胞学标本,沉降式液基细胞采集制片的方法诊断率显著优于传统涂片制片方法。

高频彩色多普勒超声联合US-FNAC在甲状腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声(HF-CDU)联合超声辅助下细针穿刺细胞学检查(US-FNAC)在甲状腺癌鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法将2020年2月至2023年3月在安徽医科大学直属附属六安医院(六安市人民医院)收治的110例甲状腺结节患者纳入本次回顾性研究。患者均接受HF-CFU检查和US-FNAC检查,以术后病理检查结果为“金标准”,分析不同性质结节的高频彩色多普勒超声的影像学特征,比较HF-CDU检查和US-FNAC单独检测和二者联合检测在甲状腺癌诊断中的灵敏性、特异性、准确性、假阳性和假阴性。结果110例患者共计有133个甲状腺结节,术后病理检查结果显示,恶性结节占比58.65%(78/133),良性结节占比41.35%(55/133);单发结节占比80.00%(88/110),多发结节占比20.00%(22/110)。超声检查显示,恶性结节的主要特征是血流分布多、纵横比≥1、微小钙化、形态不规则、边界毛糙或模糊、内部低或极低回声。HF-CDU检查的灵敏性、特异性、准确度、假阳性率和假阴性率分别为85.90%、89.09%、87.22%、10.91%和14.10%;US-FNAC检查的分别为89.74%、92.73%、90.98%、7.27%、10.26%;联合检测的分别为96.15%、94.55%、95.49%、5.45%、3.85%,联合检测的灵敏性、特异性、准确性、假阳性和假阴性率均优于HF-CDU、US-FNAC单独检测。结论HF-CDU、US-FNAC联合检测可有效提高甲状腺癌的确诊率,能够为患者早诊断、早治疗、提高预后提供可靠的方法。

超声引导下FNAC联合BRAFV600e基因检测对甲状腺癌预后的价值研究

目的探究超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学(FNAC)联合BRAFV600e基因检测在甲状腺癌预后评估中的临床价值。方法选择2020年8月至2022年12月于长江大学附属荆州医院被确诊为甲状腺癌并接受甲状腺癌根治术的121例可疑淋巴结转移患者为研究对象,所有患者术前均接受超声引导下FNAC检测以及BRAFV600e基因检测,以患者术后病理检测结果为金标准,分别计算超声引导下FNAC检测以及BRAFV600e基因检测对甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值。结果以病理结果为金标准,超声引导下FNAC对甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断一致性为71.07%(86/121)、诊断敏感度为73.53%(75/102)、诊断特异度为57.89%(11/19);BRAFV600e基因检测对甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断一致性为83.47%(101/121)、诊断敏感度为87.25%(89/102)、诊断特异度为63.16%(12/19);超声引导下FNAC联合BRAFV600e基因检测对甲状腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断一致性为97.52%(118/121)、诊断敏感度为98.04%(100/102)、诊断特异度为94.74%(18/19)。联合检测的诊断一致性、敏感度和特异度均明显高于任一单独检测方式,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下FNAC联合BRAFV600e基因检测对甲状腺癌出现淋巴结转移具有较好的诊断效能,较任一单独检测效能更优,建议将其应用于甲状腺癌患者是否出现淋巴结转移的鉴别中。

桥本氏甲状腺炎背景对甲状腺结节超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查诊断效能的影响

目的探讨桥本氏甲状腺炎(HT)背景对甲状腺结节超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查(US-FNAC)诊断效能的影响。方法回顾性分析于我院行US-FNAC及外科切除手术的1159例甲状腺结节患者(共1383个结节)的病历资料,根据是否合并HT分为HT+组456个结节和HT-组927个结节,比较两组二维超声表现、淋巴结转移情况,以及恶性组结节BRAF V600E突变情况。以手术病理结果为金标准,计算并比较US-FNAC鉴别两组结节良恶性的诊断效能。结果手术病理结果显示,HT-组良性结节31个,恶性结节425个,恶性率为93.2%;HT+组良性结节57个,恶性结节862个,恶性潜能未定结节8个,恶性率为93.0%,两组结节恶性率比较差异无统计学意义。两组结节边界、纵横比、血流情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);回声、大小、形态、钙化情况比较,差异均无统计学意义。HT+组、HT-组恶性结节淋巴结转移率分别为40.9%、40.1%,两组比较差异无统计学意义。恶性结节中共705个结节进行BRAF V600E基因检测,其中HT+组结节BRAF V600E突变率(74.9%)低于HT-组(90.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。US-FNAC鉴别HT+组结节良恶性的灵敏度、阴性预测值、准确率(96.0%、40.7%、94.3%)均低于HT-组(98.8%、73.0%、97.1%),假阴性率(4.0%)高于HT-组(1.2%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。进一步分析显示,US-FNAC鉴别HT+组最大径≤10 mm结节良恶性的灵敏度、阳性预测值、准确率(96.2%、97.5%、94.0%)均低于HT-组(98.8%、99.3%、98.2%),假阴性率(3.8%)高于HT-组(1.2%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);US-FNAC鉴别两组最大径>10mm结节良恶性的诊断效能比较差异均无统计学意义。结论当甲状腺结节最大径≤10mm时,HT背景会降低US-FNAC的诊断效能。