BOR多小波域水印信息单层嵌入的分析与实现

为研究多小波域内数字水印算法的优越性和灵活性,对精确重构(BOR:Balanced Optimal-Reconstruc-tion)多小波分解系数进行了详细分析,提出了图像多小波变换的分层性(不同于分解的级数)观点。根据这一特点,待隐藏的信息可分层嵌入图像BOR多小波域。通过仿真实验对可读的自适应盲水印信息嵌入BOR域单层子图算法与小波域算法进行比较的结果表明,前者拥有优良的不可感知性和更强健的抗图像处理攻击能力。

LIBOR操纵案的刑法学反思——试论市场操纵犯罪的新类型:基准操纵

2008年爆发的LI BOR操纵案向我们警示了市场操纵犯罪的又一新类型:基准操纵。所谓基准操纵,是指通过直接篡改基准数据,提供虚假性、误导性报价或其他足以影响基准数据或其编制过程的手段,实施的市场操纵行为。鉴于其严重的社会危害性和行为方式的特殊性,基准操纵不仅具有刑法治理的迫切性,而且有纳入市场操纵犯罪并进行规制的必要性和合理性。由于基准操纵在行为方式、作用机制等方面与传统市场操纵行为有着很大的不同,其与传统立法和学说之间不可避免的发生了冲突,域外经验可为我国法解决此难题提供借鉴。

一种改进的基于Gabor小波的人脸识别方法

针对人脸识别中传统的Gabor小波方法存在特征维数高、识别时间长、存储开销大的缺点,提出了一种结合奇异值分解和Gabor小波的改进方法.首先通过Gabor小波变换对人脸图像滤波得到特征图像,然后对训练集的特征图像进行奇异值分解获取基空间,将人脸图像投影到统一的基空间提取奇异值特征,再选择一定数量的奇异值构成人脸鉴别矢量,最后采用最近邻分类器进行识别.在ORL人脸库上的实验结果表明,该方法在识别性能上优于单一的Gabor小波方法.

基于Gabor特征和协同神经网络的车牌识别方法

研究了车牌字符识别问题,针对车牌识别系统易受天气及光照变化影响的实际应用,将Gabor特征和协同神经网络应用在车牌字符识别中,提高了识别率.首先对车牌字符进行二值化和切分,然后利用Gabor滤波器提取车牌字符的特征参数;再利用协同模式训练特征参数,进而得出训练样本;最后根据协同神经网络进一步识别车牌字符.通过大量仿真实验表明,该方法在不同场景、光照条件下,与传统方法相比,识别率有了较大改进,该方法在车牌识别领域有较强的实用性.

一种新的基于Gabor特征的零空间人脸识别算法

为了克服人脸识别中的小样本集(small sample size,3S)问题,本文首先利用人脸图像距离模型揭示了线性鉴别分析的物理过程,指出了零空间鉴别分析相对于主元空间鉴别分析可以提取出更有利于人脸识别的鉴别信息.在此基础上,提出了一种有效的基于Gabor特征的零空间人脸识别算法,该算法采用一种新的基于邻域保持的鉴别嵌入准则(neighbor-preserving based discriminant embedding,NDE),并利用Gabor小波变换减轻人脸图像中光照和表情变化等因素的影响.在ORL,FERET和AR等人脸数据库上的实验结果表明本文算法具有较优的人脸识别性能.

羽衣甘蓝胁迫应答基因BoRS1转化烟草的初步研究

将克隆于羽衣甘蓝的胁迫应答基因BoRS1连入中间载体p35S 2 30 0 ::gus ::noster相应位点,成功地构建了含BoRS1基因的植物双元表达载体p35S 2 30 0 ::BoRS1::noster,并通过农杆菌介导法对烟草进行了遗传转化。PCR检测结果表明目的基因BoRS1已成功地导入并整合到烟草基因组中。RT PCR分析显示,在不同的转基因烟草植株中BoRS1表达量存在差异。转BoRS1烟草的耐干性和甘露醇胁迫研究表明,BoRS1基因的表达对提高植物抗干旱胁迫能力有一定的作用。

U266/BOR耐药细胞株的构建及其生物学活性鉴定

目的:建立人对硼替佐米(BOR)耐药的多发性骨髓瘤U266细胞株(U266/BOR),并检测其生物学特性。方法:应用小剂量诱导和剂量递增联合诱导法建立耐药细胞株U266/BOR;在倒置显微镜下观察细胞的形态;应用MTT法测定两种细胞的BOR半数抑制浓度(IC50)和耐药系数;绘制两种细胞的生长曲线并计算二者的倍增时间;流式细胞术检测两种细胞的细胞周期,RT-PCR法检测两种细胞的相关耐药基因mRNA水平。结果:成功建立了耐药系数为19.8的耐药细胞系U266/BOR;二者细胞形态上未见明显差别;U266/BOR较U266细胞生长缓慢,其G_0/G_1期比例增加,S期比例减少;U266/BOR细胞中耐药基因PTPROt、Beclin 1及PTEN的mRNA表达减少,而c-Maf的mRNA含量增加,但MDR1的mRNA表达量无明显差别。结论:成功构建人对BOR耐药的MM细胞株U266/BOR,为BOR耐药机制的深入研究提供了理想细胞模型。

5个枳BOR基因的克隆与缺硼胁迫下的表达分析

以柑橘砧木枳[Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.]为材料,克隆BOR基因家族5个成员(PtrBOR1、PtrBOR2、PtrBOR3、PtrBOR4、PtrBOR5),并用qRT-PCR技术检测了基因在缺硼胁迫下的表达。结果表明:5个BOR基因的ORF长度分别为2 145、2 133、2 211、1 998和2 034bp;氨基酸多序列比对发现PtrBOR1、PtrBOR2和PtrBOR3具有细胞极性定位和内吞降解的氨基酸保守位点;系统进化分析可将PtrBORs编码蛋白分为2个亚群,PtrBOR1、PtrBOR2和PtrBOR3编码蛋白属于一个亚群,PtrBOR4和PtrBOR5编码蛋白属于另一个亚群。qRT-PCR的结果表明,PtrBOR4在叶中表达量最高,其余PtrBORs在根中表达量最高;缺硼胁迫下PtrBORs表达量均发生变化,且各成员表达模式各不相同,PtrBOR1、PtrBOR2和PtrBOR3在根中表达量升高,PtrBOR1、PtrBOR2和PtrBOR4在茎中表达量升高,PtrBOR1在叶中表达量升高,PtrBOR1和PtrBOR2都在至少2个组织中表达量升高。

高山红景天(Rhodiola sachalinensis A.Bor)茎尖包埋-玻璃化法超低温保存与植株再生

使用包埋-玻璃化法对两种来源的高山红景天茎尖进行超低温保存研究，探讨蔗糖预处理、包埋过程中渗透处理和不同温度下玻璃化液PVS2处理的时间对超低温保存后茎尖存活率的影响．结果表明，茎尖依次在0．3、0．5、0．7、1．0mol·L^-1的蔗糖溶液中各预培养1d后，转入1．0mol·L^-1的蔗糖溶液中继续培养4d，然后使用附加2mol·L^-1甘油和1mol·L^-1蔗糖的包埋液渗透处理60min，包埋珠在0℃处理180～210min后投入液氮，48h后用40℃水浴快速化冻3min，用含有1mol·L。蔗糖的改良MS培养液洗涤20min，转入MS＋6-BA1mg·L^-1＋NAAO．1mg·L^-1固体培养基中在22℃条件下进行暗培养，2d后转移入光照培养，最高成活率接近100％，再生植株生长和分化正常．

柑橘砧木枳橙和香橙BOR2基因的克隆与缺硼胁迫下的表达分析

以耐缺硼胁迫的枳橙(Citrus sinensis(L.)Osb.×Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.)和不耐缺硼胁迫的香橙(Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka)为材料,克隆了拟南芥硼运输基因AtBOR2的同源基因枳橙CpBOR2和香橙Cj BOR2,进行相关生物信息学分析和缺硼胁迫下的表达分析。结果表明,CpBOR2和CjBOR2的ORF长度分别为2 133 bp和2 073 bp,CpBOR2和CjBOR2蛋白都具有7个跨膜区域,且具有细胞膜极性定位和内吞降解的保守氨基酸位点;缺硼胁迫下,CjBOR2表达量与对照相比无显著变化,在前期降低,后期升高。

Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Serbia and Montenegro: The prevalence and clinical signifi cance

AIM： To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus （HCV） genotypes in Serbia and Montenegro and their influence on some clinical characteristics in patients with chronic HCV infection. METHODS： A total of 164 patients was investigated. Complete history, route of infection, assessment of alcohol consumption, an abdominal ultrasound, standard biochemical tests and liver biopsy were done. Gene sequencing of 5＇ NTR type-specific PCR or commercial kits was performed for HCV genotyping and subtyping. The SPSS for Windows （version 10.0） was used for univariate regression analysis with further multivariate analysis. RESULTS： The genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 1b3a and 1b4 were present in 57.9%, 3.7%, 23.2%, 6.7%, 6.7% and 1.8% of the patients, respectively. The genotype 1 （mainly the subtype 1b） was found to be independent of age in subjects older than 40 years, high viral load, more severe necro-inflammatory activity, advanced stage of fibrosis, and absence of intravenous drug abuse. The genotype 3a was associated with intravenous drug abuse and the age below 40. Multivariate analysis demonstrated age over 40 and intravenous drug abuse as the positive predictive factors for the genotypes lb and 3a, respectively.CONCLUSION： In Serbia and Montenegro, the genotypes 1b and 3a predominate in patients with chronic HCV infection. The subtype lb is characteristic of older patients, while the genotype 3a is common in drug abusers. Association of the subtype lb with advanced liver disease, higher viral load and histological activity suggests earlier infection with this genotype and eventually its increased pathogenicity.

Sustainable tourism development in mountain areas in Sumadija and Western Serbia

Sustainable tourism,as an integral part of sustainable development,emerged as a logical outcome of preventing the uncontrolled and excessive use of tourism resources and attractions.This study analyzes whether mountain tourism development in Serbia can be sustainable and feasible in the long term.Given the heterogeneity of mountains in Serbia in terms of tourism development,the subject of this research is the achieved level of sustainable tourism development in mountains in the most developed and most visited region in Serbia-sumadija and Western Serbia:Zlatibor,Kopaonik,Tara,Zlatar,Mokra Gora and Go?.The sustainable tourism development level was analyzed by using five groups of the EU’s comparative indicators:economic,social,cultural,environmental and tourist satisfaction indicators.The results showed that the development of tourism in the examined mountains is not fully aligned with sustainable development.The tourist satisfaction indicator has the most acceptable values,which is a good basis for further harmonization of tourism development on the principles of sustainability.Economic indicators,especially the ratio of overnight stays and accommodation capacities,show the most unacceptable values,which indicate the need for implementing changes in the process of tourism development in the coming period.The analysis of sustainable tourism in mountain areas in sumadija and the Western Serbia undoubtfully points out that it is necessary to significantly change the current tourism product portfolio,which implies harmonizing mountain tourism development with global trends.Certainly,a comparative analysis that looks at the degree of sustainability of mountain tourism in some countries of the Alpine region,such as Switzerland,Austria and Slovenia,contributes to this.The more intensive development of tourism throughout the year would significantly improve indicators of sustainable tourism in all analyzed mountain areas of Sumadija and Western Serbia.This would improve the value of economic indicators,which are marked as the most unsustainable.The development of tourism in the summer season,especially recreational and adventure tourism,would improve the social and cultural component of sustainable tourism.Environmental dimension of sustainable tourism would be enhanced by the development of ecotourism.By connecting spatially close mountains(Zlatibor,Zlatar,Tara and Mokra Gora)into a unique and integrated tourism destination,synergistic effects would be achieved resulting in international recognition and making the region of?umadija and Western Serbia competitive on the European market.

Salt Dynamics in Rhizosphere of Puccinellia ciliata Bor. in a Loamy Soil

A glasshouse experiment using a rhizobox technique was conducted to examine salt dynamics in the rhizosphere of a salt-tolerant grass, Puccinellia ciliata Bor. ’Irwin Hunter’, grown in a loamy soil, and to study the effect of rainfall flush on salt accumulation in the rhizosphere. The rhizobox (10 × 5.5 × 50 cm) had a nylon mesh (1 μm) positioned vertically in the middle to create two compartments filled with soil amended with 1 g NaCl kg-1. The plants were grown in one compartment only. Flushed treatments received 275 mL of deionized water two days before harvest. In the plant-growing compartment, soils were sectioned vertically at 5 cm intervals. Significant differences in soil electrical conductivity (EC) (P < 0.05) and pH (P < 0.05) were observed for depths, but not between flushed and non-flushed treatments. In the no-plant compartment (rhizosphere), soil cores were taken horizontally at depths of 5, 20 and 40 cm and sliced at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 mm away from the roots. Soil EC and Cl- concentration at the 5 and 20 cm depths, and Na+ concentration at the 5 cm depth significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with the distance away from the root, but no significant differences were observed in soil pH and concentrations of the K+ and Ca2+. The flush treatment only had significant influence on soil EC, pH, and Cl- concentration at the 20 cm depth. Thus, salt accumulation could occur in the rhizosphere of salt-tolerant species on saline soils, and the periodic low rainfall might not have a strong influence on salt distribution in the rhizosphere and/or root zone.

Epidemiological characteristics of childhood migraine syndrome in Serbia

This study investigated childhood migraine, examining the clinical characteristics of different childhood migraine types, predisposing factors, and possible medical treatments in a sample of children in Serbia. This was the first epidemiological study in Serbia using the operational diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society. The present study examined 30 636 children between 1988 and 2006, including 15 434 （50.38%） males and 15 202 （49.62%） females, in nine towns in Vojvodina, a northern province in Serbia. Migraine was reported in 2 644 （8.63%） children aged 3 to 7 years, consisting of 1 189 （8.0%） males and 1 455 （9.6%） females. Migraine with aura accounted for 25.55%, migraine without aura for 67.21% and other migraine syndromes for 7.23% of reported migraine sufferers. The mean age of first migraine attack across groups was 5 years and 1.8 months. Migraine with aura was associated with an earlier onset than migraine without aura Migraine was more frequent among younger groups of children who were breastfed for a shorter period of time. Child healthcare in Vojvodina has a high level of specialization, with more than half of the children reporting migraine diagnosed and treated by neuropediatricians. Socioeconomic status, duration of breastfeeding, birth order, and age of entering full-day nursery care were found to be important factors for childhood migraine. These findings suggest that healthcare providers should educate parents about these predisposing factors, so they can be identified and avoided early.

The Territory and the Respect for Borders,as a Condition for the Peace and Stability in the Balkans

States cannot be considered as such,if lacking these two elements:their population and their territory.The territory of a state consists of what is called the opportunity for development,advancement,and well-being of its citizens.But territories cannot be considered occupied or not,unless people live in them.Thus,people,not territories,are the object and subject of conquests and rulers,of governance and self-governance.All Balkan conflicts are caused by disputes over territories.They are often referred to as ethnic or religious conflicts,but,in fact,they were and they still remain conflicts over territories.These conflicts neither were nor appeared as civil wars for social or religious reasons,but they were ethnic wars.Therefore,the establishment and continuation of the peace process depends both on mutual respect of the Balkan states for their territorial integrity,as well as on respect for minorities.The current discussion on the modification of the Kosovo borders,as well as the tendency that Serbia gains territories from Kosovo in exchange for resolving the Albanian-Serbian conflict,is a precedent for a new chain of conflicts in the Balkans.The reasons why there can be no such solution to the conflict between Kosovo and Serbia are numerous.But the main one is that all states would gain the right to change borders in favor of creating ethnically purified societies.Any change of borders in Europe,but also elsewhere sets a precedent for further changes.The aim of this paper is to lay the argument why the modification of borders between Kosovo and Serbia has no ground in the international law and,to make clear the danger that such modification produces for the peace,stability,and security in the Balkans and beyond.

Innovation in the Manufacturing Sector： The Case of Serbia

The paper presents the results of research on innovation activities of manufacturing firms in Serbia. In order to answer the question how innovation takes place in one transition country, key influencing factors were identify （i.e., firm＇s size, age, ownership, industry sector, personnel qualifications and experience）. Based on the analysis of a sample comprising 73 firms, the study tried to highlight certain innovation barriers, which may have a negative impact on the total efficiency of economic performance, and growth and development of manufacturing firms in Serbia. Comparing overall innovation activities of Serbian firms to the other transition countries, it can be concluded that majority of the fhnns had innovation performances below the level EU-27. This study draws out the potential contributions to existing literature of managing innovation in Serbia.

Serbia： A Consolidated Democracy？

The aim of the study is to examine Serbia as a consolidated democracy, with special attention paid to the political changes in the past 25 years. In the first chapter I will present the stability of the political institutions, the importance and the need to change the current constitution, and furthermore I will analyze the parliamentary characteristics and the legislative process. In my thorough examination I will write about the instability and liability relations connected to the coalition government, the counterweight role of the head of state, the political influence of the judiciary and the constitutional courts, the ombudsman system, and lastly the exploration of local government practices. The second chapter will study the political cleavages. It will also discuss the possibilities of resolving the ethnic conflicts, the prominence of the previous political areas, and the divisive issue of the integration process. This chapter will be followed by the introduction of the concentration of the party system, which leads to the reduction of political parties, and to the dominance of the right wing. The last chapter will present the lack of elite consensus, as well as the general public＇s distrust of the political institutions.

The Study of Supply and Demand of Organic Products in the European Union and Serbia

One of the phenomena that marked 20th century is rapid technology progress. This process did not avoid food production and processing. Thanks to rapid development of technology, there has been a development of conventional food production, as well as appearance of genetically modified food. As a consequence of this trend, as well as the concern among some part of human population for their health, we had the return to natural food production in the form of the development of organic food production. One of the characteristics of organic food market in the European Union is the constant growth of demand for this product group, and insufficient quantities of organic products available in this market. These information led to the conclusion that organic food represents an opportunity for less developed countries, i.e., that countries like Serbia can manufacture and sale these products on the market with the highest purchasing power in the world--the European Union market. In this paper, the characteristics of demand for organic foods in the European Union were presented, then it was explained in detail why are these products export chance of Serbia, as well as reasons why is the export of organic food from Serbia to the EU very low at the time being. At the end, some recommendations that could help Serbia to increase export of organic product to EU countries were proposed.

Internet Marketing Law Frameworks in Serbia

The term internet marketing in the business and organization of campaigns in Serbia is at the beginning of its development.This paper gives an overview of the current state of this branch of marketing with a special emphasis on IT law.Analyzing marketing communication and application in modern information systems,the paper gives answers about the impact of the same on internet marketing.On the other hand,considering the current state of the development of the information society in Serbia,as well as the legal aspects in which internet marketing is currently underway,will try to explain the current state of this branch of marketing in Serbia.