Bordering Business

IT＇S not easy to drive to Zham. The small town in Tibet Autonomous Region, near the border between China and Nepal, is located in a valley and visitors must follow a winding mountain road for hours to get there. The road is well built, but it＇s narrow and often carries vehicles beyond its capacity - trucks, tourist buses, off-road vehicles and cars can grind to a near halt in the traffic, which gets worse the closer drivers get to the town. On the final stretch, the road narrows to a single lane causing gridlock. A casual glance at their plates reveals they are p^imarily Nepalese. The traffic iam and the exotic Nepalese trucks add to the mysterious air of Zham, which is only around 100 km away from Kathmandu. Nepal＇s capital. Every day before customs open the border, there are already queues on both sides. Travelers, business people and local residents from both countries wait eagerly.

Indosinian Foreland Fold-and-Thrust Belt Bordering Yunnan and Guangxi, China

Recent discoveries of ophiolites indicate that there must be a Palaeotethyan geosuture zone bordering China and Vietnam, which separates the Vietbac block from the South China subcontinent. The Indosinian foreland fold-and-thrust belt bordering Yunnan and Guangxi provided further evidence for the palaeotethysides. The oceanic crust was subducted southwestwards while the magmatic arc migrated northeastwards, and the continent-arc collision occurred in the Late Triassic with the thrusting being extended towards the north or northeast. The features of thrust-nappe structure are discussed, which proved the continental margin of the Palaeotethyan ocean there to be a complicated one. A face-to-face collision occurred first along the NW-striking segment and then along the ENE-striking segment accompanied by transpression or oblique thrusting occurring along the NW-striking one.

Au(Cu)Ore-Fluid Dynamics in Bordering OrogenicBelt of Simao-Nanping Basin, Yunnan Province

The paleohydrogeologic condition and the tectonic stress field during the mineralization epoch of the Au (Cu) ore fluid in the bordering orogenic belt of Simao-Nanping basin reveal that the complicated paleohydrodynamic condition during the Devonian-Carboniferous period in the northern Ailao-shan was favorable for the pre-enrichment of the mineral elements, and that the migration and the distribution of the groundwater were controlled by the tectonic stress field and driven by temperature and hydraulic gradients during the Yanshan-Himalayan movement epoch. Therefore, the determination of the low-pressure zone of the maximum principal stress is effective for the location of the Au deposits (ore spots).

Physical insights into trapping effects on vertical GaN-on-Si trench MOSFETs from TCAD

Vertical GaN power MOSFET is a novel technology that offers great potential for power switching applications.Being still in an early development phase,vertical GaN devices are yet to be fully optimized and require careful studies to foster their development.In this work,we report on the physical insights into device performance improvements obtained during the development of vertical GaN-on-Si trench MOSFETs(TMOS’s)provided by TCAD simulations,enhancing the dependability of the adopted process optimization approaches.Specifically,two different TMOS devices are compared in terms of transfer-curve hysteresis(H)and subthreshold slope(SS),showing a≈75%H reduction along with a≈30%SS decrease.Simulations allow attributing the achieved improvements to a decrease in the border and interface traps,respectively.A sensitivity analysis is also carried out,allowing to quantify the additional trap density reduction required to minimize both figures of merit.

Border Sensitive Knowledge Distillation for Rice Panicle Detection in UAV Images

Research on panicle detection is one of the most important aspects of paddy phenotypic analysis.A phenotyping method that uses unmanned aerial vehicles can be an excellent alternative to field-based methods.Nevertheless,it entails many other challenges,including different illuminations,panicle sizes,shape distortions,partial occlusions,and complex backgrounds.Object detection algorithms are directly affected by these factors.This work proposes a model for detecting panicles called Border Sensitive Knowledge Distillation(BSKD).It is designed to prioritize the preservation of knowledge in border areas through the use of feature distillation.Our feature-based knowledge distillation method allows us to compress the model without sacrificing its effectiveness.An imitation mask is used to distinguish panicle-related foreground features from irrelevant background features.A significant improvement in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)images is achieved when students imitate the teacher’s features.On the UAV rice imagery dataset,the proposed BSKD model shows superior performance with 76.3%mAP,88.3%precision,90.1%recall and 92.6%F1 score.

“Overseas Warehouse” Make Chinese Sellers Become More “Intimate” with Overseas Buyers

With the deepening of Internet technology in international trade,cross-border e-commerce has become the main incremental contributor in the import and export trade of goods,and its transaction volume has gradually increased from 16%of China’s total import and export of goods in 2014 to 42%in 2023.

AHP-based Landscape Value Evaluation of Perennial Flower Border Application in Hefei City

An analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was employed to establish a landscape value evaluation model for 20 common species of perennial flowers in the flower border of Hefei City.With the overarching objective of determining the application value of the flower border,10 evaluation factors were identified and subsequently classified into 3 distinct grades.Grade I(L>2.5)was defined as perennial flower resources with the highest development and utilization value,including only one species of Salvia farinacea.Grade II(2.0≤L≤2.5)was defined as perennial flower varieties suitable for most areas,encompassing 9 species of plants,such asTaraxacummongolicum.Grade III(L<2.0)was defined as perennial flower varieties with low application value,encompassing 10 species of plants,such asRuellia brittoniana,but lacking the value of further popularization and application.Consequently,the proportion of their application in the flower border should be reduced.The evaluation results can serve as a theoretical foundation for the implementation of perennial flowers in urban flower borders.

Cross-border E-commerce Accelerates Diversely Abroad

“Strength”and“vitality”are the comments that people in the industry have used to describe China’s cross-border e-commerce in 2023,which has been proven by the latest statistics.According to the General Administration of Customs,in 2023,the total volume of imports and exports was RMB 2.38 trillion,up by 15.6%.The volume of exports was RMB 1.83 billion,up by 19.6%,and the volume of imports was RMB 548.3 billion,up by 3.9%.

Fundamental Challenges,Differentiated Approaches and Prospects for Making Rules for Global Digital Economy

We are now at a crucial moment of developing digital economy.Countries around the world are striving to strike a balance between enabling innovation and enhancing regulation.While digital economy,which is cross-border in nature,calls for higher-level regulatory integration and network effects,digital technology-related security issues have caused widespread concerns and regulation remains fragmented or even contradictory.

Naxi Dongba Painting

NAXI Dongba painting is a painting style that has been passed down among the Naxi ethnic group living in the Hengduan Mountains along the Jinsha River at the borders of southwest China’s Yunnan,Sichuan,and Tibet.This art is popular in the Naxi communities in Lijiang City,Yunnan Province.

China and Nicaragua Agreement Gets Off to a Good Start in the New Year

NIcaragua is located in Central America,and is bordered by Honduras to the north,Costa Rica to the south,the Caribbean Sea to the east and the Pacif ic Ocean to the west.On December 10,2021,China and Nicaragua,two distant countries,embarked on a journey of restoring diplomatic relations.Over the past two years,China-Nicaragua relations have developed in leaps and bounds,with rapid progress in practical cooperation in various sectors and the continuous release of dividends from the resumption of diplomatic ties.

NEWS ROUNDUP

Visa-Free Entries Spur Cross-Border Travel.The number of foreigners entering China visa-free saw a surge in the third quarter as a result of the country’s continuous efforts to invigorate cross-border travel,the National Immigration Administration said.

Efficient People Detection with Infrared Images

This work focuses on the problem of monitoring the coastline, which in Portugal’s case means monitoring 3007 kilometers, including 1793 maritime borders with the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west. The human burden on the coast becomes a problem, both because erosion makes the cliffs unstable and because pollution increases, making the fragile dune ecosystem difficult to preserve. It is becoming necessary to increase the control of access to beaches, even if it is not a popular measure for internal and external tourism. The methodology described can also be used to monitor maritime borders. The use of images acquired in the infrared range guarantees active surveillance both day and night, the main objective being to mimic the infrared cameras already installed in some critical areas along the coastline. Using a series of infrared photographs taken at low angles with a modified camera and appropriate filter, a recent deep learning algorithm with the right training can simultaneously detect and count whole people at close range and people almost completely submerged in the water, including partially visible targets, achieving a performance with F1 score of 0.945, with 97% of targets correctly identified. This implementation is possible with ordinary laptop computers and could contribute to more frequent and more extensive coverage in beach/border surveillance, using infrared cameras at regular intervals. It can be partially automated to send alerts to the authorities and/or the nearest lifeguards, thus increasing monitoring without relying on human resources.

Research on the Employment View of Acupuncture and Tuina Undergraduates in Minority Border Areas from Students’ Perspective

With the popularization of higher education in China,the employment situation of college students is more complex and severe.This paper adopts the questionnaire method to explore the employment view of acupuncture and tuina undergraduates of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The employment concept of acupuncture and tuina undergraduates in the minority border areas has changed greatly.After graduation,97.95%of students choose to work in fields related to medicine and acupuncture,prefer positions close to home,and are attracted to high-salary companies,among other factors.Therefore,enhancing the competitive advantages of medical students by guiding their career planning,providing employment selection advice,fostering innovation and entrepreneurship,improving basic skills,and offering graduate entrance examination guidance is crucial for broadening their employment opportunities.

Palinspastic reconstruction and geological evolution of Permian residual marine basins bordering China and Mongolia

One main feature of the tectono-paleogeographic evolution of the southern branch of the Paleo-Asian Ocean was that there developed residual marine basins in former backarc/forearc regions after the disappearance of oceanic crust.The paper illustrates the viewpoint taking the evolution of Dalandzadgad and Solonker oceanic basins as examples.The Dalandzadgad ocean subducted southwards during the Silurian-Devonian,created an intra-oceanic arc and a backarc basin in southern Mongolia.In addition,a continent marginal arc formed along the national boundary between China and Mongolia,the south of which was a backarc basin.The oceanic basin closed and arc-arc(continent) collision occurred during the early Early Permian,followed by two residual marine basins developing in the former backarc regions,named the South Gobi Basin in southern Mongolia and the Guaizihu Basin in western Inner Mongolia.The Solonker ocean subducted southwards and finally disappeared during the early Middle Permian.Afterwards,two residual marine basins occurred in northern China,the Zhesi Basin being situated in the former backarc region and the Wujiatun Basin in the former forearc region.The late Middle Permian was the most optimum period for the developing residual marine basins,when they covered a vast area.The basin evolution differentiated during the early Late Permian,with a general trend of uplift in the east and of subsidence in the west.The Upper Permian in the South Gobi Basin was characterized by coal-bearing strata hosting economically valuable coal fields.A transgression invaded westwards and the Chandmani-Bayanleg Basin was created in southwest Mongolia during the middle-late stage of the Late Permian.Correspondingly,the coal formation entered a flourishing time,with thick coal beds and sedimentary interbeds.All of these basins,namely,both the marine and nonmarine residual basins,reversed and closed by the end of Permian.

Border effects of the main and ratoon crops in the rice ratooning system

The border effect(BE)is widely observed in crop field experiments,and it has been extensively studied in many crops.However,only limited attention has been paid to the BE of ratoon rice.We conducted field experiments on ratoon rice in Qichun County,Hubei Province,Central China in 2018 and 2019 to compare the BE in the main and ratoon crops,and to quantify the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.The BE of two hybrid varieties was measured for the outermost,second outermost,and third outermost rows in each plot of both crops.To determine the contribution of BE between the two crops,portions of hills in the outermost and second outermost rows were uprooted during the harvest of the main crop so that the second and third outermost rows then became the outermost rows in the ratoon crop.Overall,the BE on grain yield was greater in the main crop than in the ratoon crop.In the main crop,the BE on grain yield was 98.3%in the outermost row,which was explained by the BE on panicles m^(–2),spikelets/panicle,spikelets m^(–2),and total dry weight.In the ratoon crop,the BE on grain yield was reduced to 60.9 and 27.6%with and without the contribution of the BE in the main crop,respectively.Consequently,55.1%of the BE on grain yield in the ratoon crop was contributed from the main crop.High stubble dry weight and non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)accumulation at the harvest of the main crop were responsible for the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.Our results suggest that increases in stubble dry weight and NSC accumulation at the harvest of the main crop could be important strategies for developing high-yielding cropping practices in the rice ratooning system.

A Novel Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm in White Blood Cells Classification

Some human diseases are recognized through of each type of White Blood Cell(WBC)count,so detecting and classifying each type is important for human healthcare.The main aim of this paper is to propose a computer-aided WBCs utility analysis tool designed,developed,and evaluated to classify WBCs into five types namely neutrophils,eosinophils,lymphocytes,monocytes,and basophils.Using a computer-artificial model reduces resource and time consumption.Various pre-trained deep learning models have been used to extract features,including AlexNet,Visual Geometry Group(VGG),Residual Network(ResNet),which belong to different taxonomy types of deep learning architectures.Also,Binary Border Collie Optimization(BBCO)is introduced as an updated version of Border Collie Optimization(BCO)for feature reduction based on maximizing classification accuracy.The proposed computer aid diagnosis tool merges transfer deep learning ResNet101,BBCO feature reduction,and Support Vector Machine(SVM)classifier to forma hybridmodelResNet101-BBCO-SVM an accurate and fast model for classifying WBCs.As a result,the ResNet101-BBCO-SVM scores the best accuracy at 99.21%,compared to recent studies in the benchmark.The model showed that the addition of the BBCO algorithm increased the detection accuracy,and at the same time,decreased the classification time consumption.The effectiveness of the ResNet101-BBCO-SVM model has been demonstrated and beaten in reasonable ratios in recent literary studies and end-to-end transfer learning of pre-trained models.

A multi-UAV deployment method for border patrolling based on Stackelberg game

To strengthen border patrol measures, unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) are gradually used in many countries to detect illegal entries on borders. However, how to efficiently deploy limited UAVs to patrol on borders of large areas remains challenging. In this paper, we first model the problem of deploying UAVs for border patrol as a Stackelberg game. Two players are considered in this game: The border patrol agency is the leader,who optimizes the patrol path of UAVs to detect the illegal immigrant. The illegal immigrant is the follower, who selects a certain area of the border to pass through at a certain time after observing the leader’s strategy. Second, a compact linear programming problem is proposed to tackle the exponential growth of the number of leader’s strategies. Third, a method is proposed to reduce the size of the strategy space of the follower. Then, we provide some theoretic results to present the effect of parameters of the model on leader’s utilities. Experimental results demonstrate the positive effect of limited starting and ending areas of UAV’s patrolling conditions and multiple patrolling altitudes on the leader ’s utility, and show that the proposed solution outperforms two conventional patrol strategies and has strong robustness.

Peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation at the crossroads of peripapillary myopic changes

AIM:To analyze the prevalence of peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation(PICC)in eyes with gamma peripapillary atrophy(γPPA),in eyes with peripapillary staphyloma(PPS)and in those combiningγPPA and PPS and to analyze border tissue discontinuity in PICC.METHODS:This prospective cross-sectional non interventional study included highly myopic eyes.Non-highly myopic eyes were used as control.Radial and linear scans centered on the optic nerve head were performed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.Variables were analyzed along the twelve hourly optical coherence tomography sections in both eyes of each subject.RESULTS:A total of 667 eyes of 334 subjects were included:229(34.3%)highly myopic eyes and 438(65.7%)non highly myopic eyes.The mean age of the highly myopic group was 48.99±17.81y.PICC was found in a total of 40 eyes and in 13.2%(29/220)of highly myopic eyes.PICC was found in 10.4%(40/386)of eyes withγPPA,in 20.5%(40/195)of eyes with PPS and in 22.7%(40/176)of those combiningγPPA and PPS.All the eyes with PICC showed the co-existence ofγPPA and PPS whereas none of the eyes presenting only one of these entities exhibited PICC.A border tissue discontinuity in theγPPA area was found in all eyes with PICC.CONCLUSION:We confirm the presence of a border tissue discontinuity in theγPPA area of all eyes with PICC.These findings suggest the involvement of mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of PICC which may contribute to PICC-related visual field defects.