Is There Re-staging Surgery Necessity for Borderline Ovarian Tumors

Objective:This study assessed the necessity of surgical re-staging in women with borderline ovarian tumors(BOTs)and evaluated the impact of complete surgical staging,lymphadenectomy,and omentectomy on disease recurrence and survival.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with BOTs.A total of 901 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study,and we evaluated some of the variables and clinical/surgical characteristics of the cases.The effects of the type of surgical procedure,surgical staging,and complete or incomplete staging on recurrence were calculated.The rates of disease-free survival,overall survival,and recurrence were compared according to complete surgical staging.A Cox regression analysis was performed to identify potential prognostic factors,and survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:The overall recurrence rate was 13.9%,and recurrence was comparable between the complete surgical staging group and the incomplete groups(P>0.05).The performance of complete surgical staging did not show an effect on long-term survival,and complete surgical staging,omentectomy,and lymphadenectomy had no effect on recurrence.In multivariate analyses,only radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were risk factors for the recurrence of BOTs.Furthermore,we found that omentectomy led to a relatively low recurrence rate in patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage>Ⅰ(P=0.022).Conclusion:Our results suggest that complete surgical staging should be considered a standard treatment for patients with advanced stage BOTs but not for those at FIGO stageⅠ.It might be safe to reduce the scope of surgical procedures in patients with early-stage BOTs.However,it is not necessary to perform re-staging operations for BOTs with a macroscopically normal extra-ovarian appearance.

Develop a nomogram to predict overall survival of patients with borderline ovarian tumors

BACKGROUND The prognosis of borderline ovarian tumors(BOTs)has been the concern of clinicians and patients.It is urgent to develop a model to predict the survival of patients with BOTs.AIM To construct a nomogram to predict the likelihood of overall survival(OS)in patients with BOTs.METHODS A total of 192 patients with histologically verified BOTs and 374 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)were retrospectively investigated for clinical characteristics and survival outcomes.A 1:1 propensity score matching(PSM)analysis was performed to eliminate selection bias.Survival was analyzed by using the log-rank test and the restricted mean survival time(RMST).Next,univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify meaningful independent prognostic factors.In addition,a nomogram model was developed to predict the 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival of patients with BOTs.The predictive performance of the model was assessed by using the concordance index(C-index),calibration curves,and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS For clinical data,there was no significant difference in body mass index,preoperative CA199 concentration,or tumor localization between the BOTs group and EOC group.Women with BOTs were significantly younger than those with EOC.There was a significant difference in menopausal status,parity,preoperative serum CA125 concentration,Federation International of gynecology and obstetrics(FIGO)stage,and whether patients accepted postoperative adjuvant therapy between the BOT and EOC group.After PSM,patients with BOTs had better overall survival than patients with EOC(P value=0.0067);more importantly,the 5-year RMST of BOTs was longer than that of EOC(P value=0.0002,95%CI-1.137 to-0.263).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that diagnosed age and surgical type were independent risk factors for BOT patient OS(P value<0.05).A nomogram was developed based on diagnosed age,preoperative serum CA125 and CA199 Levels,surgical type,FIGO stage,and tumor size.Moreover,the c-index(0.959,95%confidence interval 0.8708–1.0472),calibration plot of 1-,3-,and 5-year OS,and decision curve analysis indicated the accurate predictive ability of this model.CONCLUSION Patients with BOTs had a better prognosis than patients with EOC.The nomogram we constructed might be helpful for clinicians in personalized treatment planning and patient counseling.

Case Report <i>ex Vivo</i>Oocyte Collection to Maintain Fertility in a Patient with Micropapillary Serous Borderline Ovarian Tumor

Background: Approximately 11% of cancer cases are diagnosed in people of childbearing age. Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) make up 10%-15% of all ovarian epithelial malignancies. More than one-third of all BOTs occur in women under 40 years of age. Maintaining the fertility of cured patients is the common goal of both oncologists and reproductologists. Aim: Giving young women diagnosed with a prognostically worse type of BOT and after bilateral adnexectomy the possibility to have their genetically own children by the method of ex vivo oocyte collection. Case Presentation: A 34-year-old nulligravid woman with BOT underwent right laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy. Histologically, a serious borderline tumor with a micropapillary pattern and a tumor locus on the ovarian surface were found. Due to histopathology, the oncologist recommended re-staging surgery: laparotomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy and hysterectomy. The patient refused a hysterectomy as she was planning to get pregnant with her partner. To maintain her fertility, controlled hormonal hyperstimulation and ex vivo aspiration of follicles from the ovary after salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Ex vivo follicle expiration yielded 10 oocytes. 9 mature oocytes were fertilized by ICSI. The 6 embryos of the highest quality were individually frozen by vitrification. Cryoembryotransfer will be scheduled with the consent of the oncologist. Conclusion: This method is suitable for young women with BOT after bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in whom ex vivo oocyte collection prevents possible leakage of tumor cells into the abdominal cavity, unlike during the conventional in vivo collection prior to surgery.

Progress in the Pathologic Diagnosis of Borderline Follicular Thyroid Tumor

With the progress of science and technology as well as the development of ultrasound technology,more and more thyroid tumors have been found.Follicular tumor is one of the most common thyroid tumors,but borderline follicular tumors are relatively rare.At present,the diagnosis of borderline follicular thyroid tumor is unclear prior to surgery,and it is difficult to identify in frozen section or even conventional section.In order to effectively improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of borderline follicular thyroid tumor,this paper summarizes the new WHO(World Health Organization)classification of borderline follicular thyroid tumor along with diagnostic methods,including clinical fine needle aspiration cytology,histopathology,and molecular biology,and reviews the research progress.

Advances in early diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer remains a devastating disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Recent advances in diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches have increased the possibility of improving the existing poor prognosis. DATA SOURCES: English-language articles reporting early diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer were searched from the MEDLINE and PubMed databases, Chinese-language articles were from CHKD (China Hospital Knowledge Database) RESULT: The current literature about pancreatic cancer was reviewed from three aspects: statistics, screening and early detection, and therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection and screening of pancreatic cancer currently should be limited to high risk patients Surgical resection is the only curative approach available, with some recent improvement in outcomes. Gemcitabine has been a standard treatment during the last decade. Gemcitabine based combination treatment, especially combined with newer molecular targeted agents, is promising. The rationale for radiotherapy is controversial, but with the recent development of modern radiation delivery techniques, radiotherapy should be intensified. Patients with borderline pancreatic cancer could benefit from neoadjuvant therapy but more evidence is needed and the best neoadjuvant regimen is still to be determined.

Misdiagnosis of ligamentoid fibromatosis of the small mesenteric:A case report

BACKGROUND Ligamentoid fibromatosis is a rare borderline tumor that occurs in the muscles,fascia,and aponeurosis.It is a kind of soft tissue tumor of fibrous origin,also known as invasive fibromatosis,desmoid fibroma,neurofibromatosis,etc.The tumor is between benign and malignant tumors and rarely has distant metastasis.Its characteristics are mainly local invasion,destruction and growth and easy recurrence.The World Health Organization defines it as a fibroblast cloning value-added lesion originating from deep soft tissue,which causes local invasion and growth leading to tissue reconstruction,extrusion and destruction of important structures and organs.The incidence rate accounts for 0.03%of all tumors and less than 3%of all soft tissue tumors.Definite diagnosis mainly depends on postoperative pathology.Surgical resection is still the main way to treat the disease,and a variety of nonsurgical treatment methods are auxiliary.Combined treatment can effectively reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence.CASE SUMMARY The patient is a 57-year-old female.One week ago,she accidentally found a mass in the left upper abdomen while lying flat.There was no abdominal pain and abdominal distention,no fever,no black stool and blood in the stool and no nausea and vomiting.She had a 10-year history of glaucoma on the left side,underwent hysterectomy for uterine fibroids 5 years ago,had no hypertension,heart disease,diabetes,hepatitis or tuberculosis,had no history of smoking and had been drinking for 20 years.CONCLUSION Accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult,surgical resection is the main treatment,and a variety of nonsurgical treatment methods are auxiliary.Combined treatment can effectively reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence.The prognosis is still good,and the risk of recurrence of secondary surgery is greatly increased.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists cotreatment during chemotherapy in borderline ovarian tumor and ovarian cancer patients

Background Recently, conservative surgery is acceptable in young patients with borderline ovarian tumor and ovarian cancer. The preservation of these patients＇ future fertility has been the focus of recent interest. This study aimed to observe the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists （GnRHa） cotreatment during chemotherapy in borderline ovarian tumor and ovarian cancer patients. Methods Sixteen patients who were treated with fertility preservation surgery for borderline ovarian tumor and ovarian cancer and then administered GnRHa during chemotherapy in Peking University People＇s Hospital from January 2006 to July 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. This group was compared with a control group of 16 women who were treated concurrently with similar chemotherapy （n=5） without GnRHa or were historical controls （n=11）. The disease recurrence, the menstruation status and reproductive outcome were followed up and compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences between both groups regarding age, body weight, height, marriage status, classification of the tumors, stage of the disease, as were the cumulative doses of each chemotherapeutic agent. One （1/16） patient in the study group while 2 （2/16） patients in the control group relapsed 2 years after conclusion of the primary treatment （P 〉0.05）. All of the 16 women in the study group compared with 11 of the 16 patients in the control group resumed normal menses 6 months after the termination of the treatment （P 〈0.05）. There were 4 spontaneous pregnancies in the study group while 2 in the control group, all of the neonates were healthy. Conclusions GnRHa administration before and during chemotherapy in borderline ovarian tumor and ovarian cancer patients who had undergone fertility preservation operation may bring up higher rates of spontaneous resumption of menses and a better pregnancy rate. Long-term follow up and large scale clinical studies are required.