Boron has high mass and volume calorific values,but it is difficult to ignite and has low combustion efficiency.This literature review summarizes the strategies that are used to solve the above-mentioned problems,whic...Boron has high mass and volume calorific values,but it is difficult to ignite and has low combustion efficiency.This literature review summarizes the strategies that are used to solve the above-mentioned problems,which include coatings of boron by using fluoride compounds,energetic composites,metal fuels,and metal oxides.Coating techniques include recrystallization,dual-solvent,phase transfer,electrospinning,etc.As one of the effective coating agents,the fluorine compounds can react with the oxide shell of boron powder.In comparison,the energetic composites can effectively improve the flame temperature of boron powder and enhance the evaporation efficiency of oxide film as a condensed product.Metals and metal oxides would react with boron powder to form metal borides with a lower ignition point,which could reduce its ignition temperature.展开更多
Hydrogen thermal plasma jet was employed to prepare nano-sized boron powder with hydrogen reduction of BCI3. The maximum yield of nano-sized boron powders was about 50% with the operational conditions of H2/BCl3 of 4....Hydrogen thermal plasma jet was employed to prepare nano-sized boron powder with hydrogen reduction of BCI3. The maximum yield of nano-sized boron powders was about 50% with the operational conditions of H2/BCl3 of 4.5：1, total feed of 4.9 m3/h, and plasma power of 25 kW. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）, inductive combustion infrared absorption （ICIA） and infrared thermal conductivity of oxygen and nitrogen analyzer （ITCA）. The results show that the boron powders have different crystal structures with higher dispersion and purity. The average diameter is about 50 nm, and the purity is 90.29% or so. This new technology can use simple process to produce high quality boron powders, and is feasible for industrial production.展开更多
A feedback control of fuel recycling via real-time boron powder injection,addressing the issue of continuously increasing recycling in long-pulse plasma discharges,has been successfully developed and implemented on EA...A feedback control of fuel recycling via real-time boron powder injection,addressing the issue of continuously increasing recycling in long-pulse plasma discharges,has been successfully developed and implemented on EAST tokamak.The feedback control system includes four main parts:the impurity powder dropper(IPD),a diagnostic system measuring fuel recycling level represented by D_(α)emission,a plasma control system(PCS)implementing the Proportional Integral Derivative(PID)algorithm,and a signal converter connecting the IPD and PCS.Based on this control system,both active control and feedback control experiments have recently been performed on EAST with a full metal wall.The experimental results show that the fuel recycling can be gradually reduced to lower level as PCS control voltage increases.In the feedback control experiments,it is also observed that the D_(α)emission is reduced to the level below the target D_(α)value by adjusting boron injection flow rate,indicating successful implementation of the fuel recycling feedback control on EAST.This technique provides a new method for fuel recycling control of long pulse and high parameter plasma operations in future fusion devices.展开更多
为了提升硼粉的点火燃烧性能,采用高能球磨与喷雾干燥相结合的技术制备了4种微纳米B-Fe-Bi_(2)O_(3)@AP/PVDF复合物,根据其高热值和高燃烧效率的特点将四种复合物命名为μBHH_(c)、μBHC_(e)、nBHH_(c)及nBHC_(e),并对其形貌结构、热反...为了提升硼粉的点火燃烧性能,采用高能球磨与喷雾干燥相结合的技术制备了4种微纳米B-Fe-Bi_(2)O_(3)@AP/PVDF复合物,根据其高热值和高燃烧效率的特点将四种复合物命名为μBHH_(c)、μBHC_(e)、nBHH_(c)及nBHC_(e),并对其形貌结构、热反应性、点火延迟、质量燃速和凝聚相产物进行了表征分析。结果表明,μBHH_(c)和μBHC_(e)复合物在氩气中最大热值达9.7 k J·g^(-1),最高燃烧效率达66.2%;在氧气中最大热值达14.6 k J·g^(-1),最高燃烧效率达93.3%,空气中氧化峰温在750~760℃之间。n BHH_(c)和n BHC_(e)复合物在氩气中最大热值达9.9 k J·g^(-1),最高燃烧效率达68.9%;在氧气中最大热值达14.8 k J·g^(-1),最高燃烧效率达97.2%,空气中氧化峰温在595~600℃之间。各类复合物的最高燃烧温度达1954~2011℃,其中n BHH_(c)复合物的点火延迟最短(26 ms),且质量燃速最高(1.84 g·s^(-1));μBHC_(e)复合物的点火延迟最长(39 ms),质量燃速也最低(0.80 g·s^(-1))。各类复合物燃烧产物主要由B_(2)O_(3)、B_(4)C及少量未完全燃烧的硼组成,形貌包含5~10μm的球体及10~20μm的片状物质。展开更多
A high-pressure laser ignition and combustion system with adjustable oxidizer gas atmosphere is established to investigate the ignition and combustion characteristics of boron-magnesium(BM)com-posite powders.An igniti...A high-pressure laser ignition and combustion system with adjustable oxidizer gas atmosphere is established to investigate the ignition and combustion characteristics of boron-magnesium(BM)com-posite powders.An ignition and combustion model of BM powders is established and validated in the present study.The results show that increasing water content,O_(2) content and Mg content all result in shorter ignition delay time of BM powders,among which the effect of water content is the most obvious.However,ignition delay time increases as pressure increases.The combustion time decreases with increasing Mg content and ambient pressure but increases with water content.With the increase of O_(2) content,combustion time of BM powders first increases and then decreases,which means a critical O_(2) content exists above which combustion time decreases.The results show that there exists a trade-off between ignition and combustion performance of BM composite powders.展开更多
The boron mud is solid waste from a borax factory in Liaoning province, China. The main chemical compositions of the boron mud powder are MgO 43.36%, SiO2 25.99%, Fe2O3 5.55% (shown in Table 1), and its mineral phases...The boron mud is solid waste from a borax factory in Liaoning province, China. The main chemical compositions of the boron mud powder are MgO 43.36%, SiO2 25.99%, Fe2O3 5.55% (shown in Table 1), and its mineral phases are mainly forsterite, magnesite and phlogopite.展开更多
基金funded by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021ZDLGY11)partially supported by NSAF Project of China(Grant No.U2030202)。
文摘Boron has high mass and volume calorific values,but it is difficult to ignite and has low combustion efficiency.This literature review summarizes the strategies that are used to solve the above-mentioned problems,which include coatings of boron by using fluoride compounds,energetic composites,metal fuels,and metal oxides.Coating techniques include recrystallization,dual-solvent,phase transfer,electrospinning,etc.As one of the effective coating agents,the fluorine compounds can react with the oxide shell of boron powder.In comparison,the energetic composites can effectively improve the flame temperature of boron powder and enhance the evaporation efficiency of oxide film as a condensed product.Metals and metal oxides would react with boron powder to form metal borides with a lower ignition point,which could reduce its ignition temperature.
基金supported in part by the National Centre of Analysis and Testing for Nonferrous Metal & Electronic Material for Elementary Analysis, Beijing, China
文摘Hydrogen thermal plasma jet was employed to prepare nano-sized boron powder with hydrogen reduction of BCI3. The maximum yield of nano-sized boron powders was about 50% with the operational conditions of H2/BCl3 of 4.5：1, total feed of 4.9 m3/h, and plasma power of 25 kW. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）, inductive combustion infrared absorption （ICIA） and infrared thermal conductivity of oxygen and nitrogen analyzer （ITCA）. The results show that the boron powders have different crystal structures with higher dispersion and purity. The average diameter is about 50 nm, and the purity is 90.29% or so. This new technology can use simple process to produce high quality boron powders, and is feasible for industrial production.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFE03130000 and 2022YFE03130003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205336 and 12475208)+2 种基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0790102)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Anhui(No.2408085J002)Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Teams of CAS。
文摘A feedback control of fuel recycling via real-time boron powder injection,addressing the issue of continuously increasing recycling in long-pulse plasma discharges,has been successfully developed and implemented on EAST tokamak.The feedback control system includes four main parts:the impurity powder dropper(IPD),a diagnostic system measuring fuel recycling level represented by D_(α)emission,a plasma control system(PCS)implementing the Proportional Integral Derivative(PID)algorithm,and a signal converter connecting the IPD and PCS.Based on this control system,both active control and feedback control experiments have recently been performed on EAST with a full metal wall.The experimental results show that the fuel recycling can be gradually reduced to lower level as PCS control voltage increases.In the feedback control experiments,it is also observed that the D_(α)emission is reduced to the level below the target D_(α)value by adjusting boron injection flow rate,indicating successful implementation of the fuel recycling feedback control on EAST.This technique provides a new method for fuel recycling control of long pulse and high parameter plasma operations in future fusion devices.
文摘为了提升硼粉的点火燃烧性能,采用高能球磨与喷雾干燥相结合的技术制备了4种微纳米B-Fe-Bi_(2)O_(3)@AP/PVDF复合物,根据其高热值和高燃烧效率的特点将四种复合物命名为μBHH_(c)、μBHC_(e)、nBHH_(c)及nBHC_(e),并对其形貌结构、热反应性、点火延迟、质量燃速和凝聚相产物进行了表征分析。结果表明,μBHH_(c)和μBHC_(e)复合物在氩气中最大热值达9.7 k J·g^(-1),最高燃烧效率达66.2%;在氧气中最大热值达14.6 k J·g^(-1),最高燃烧效率达93.3%,空气中氧化峰温在750~760℃之间。n BHH_(c)和n BHC_(e)复合物在氩气中最大热值达9.9 k J·g^(-1),最高燃烧效率达68.9%;在氧气中最大热值达14.8 k J·g^(-1),最高燃烧效率达97.2%,空气中氧化峰温在595~600℃之间。各类复合物的最高燃烧温度达1954~2011℃,其中n BHH_(c)复合物的点火延迟最短(26 ms),且质量燃速最高(1.84 g·s^(-1));μBHC_(e)复合物的点火延迟最长(39 ms),质量燃速也最低(0.80 g·s^(-1))。各类复合物燃烧产物主要由B_(2)O_(3)、B_(4)C及少量未完全燃烧的硼组成,形貌包含5~10μm的球体及10~20μm的片状物质。
基金the supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.52276087,51806048,51776175)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.D5000210602)+2 种基金the Key Fundamental Strengthening Project(grant Nos.2019-JCJQ-ZD-083-05,2021-JCJQ-J-0401)the Foundation of Key Laboratory(grant No.6142701190106),Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant No.BK20210854)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Universities(grant No.20KJB470009).
文摘A high-pressure laser ignition and combustion system with adjustable oxidizer gas atmosphere is established to investigate the ignition and combustion characteristics of boron-magnesium(BM)com-posite powders.An ignition and combustion model of BM powders is established and validated in the present study.The results show that increasing water content,O_(2) content and Mg content all result in shorter ignition delay time of BM powders,among which the effect of water content is the most obvious.However,ignition delay time increases as pressure increases.The combustion time decreases with increasing Mg content and ambient pressure but increases with water content.With the increase of O_(2) content,combustion time of BM powders first increases and then decreases,which means a critical O_(2) content exists above which combustion time decreases.The results show that there exists a trade-off between ignition and combustion performance of BM composite powders.
文摘The boron mud is solid waste from a borax factory in Liaoning province, China. The main chemical compositions of the boron mud powder are MgO 43.36%, SiO2 25.99%, Fe2O3 5.55% (shown in Table 1), and its mineral phases are mainly forsterite, magnesite and phlogopite.
