When translating children's literature, the characteristics of the target readers can not be neglected. However, in thetranslation of literary works in China, translation of children's literature in China has ...When translating children's literature, the characteristics of the target readers can not be neglected. However, in thetranslation of literary works in China, translation of children's literature in China has always been ignored. E-C translation practicein children's literature and the theoretical study are of imbalance. When it comes to the theoretical study of E-C translation of chil-dren's literature, it is far backward. Skopostheorie holds that the purpose of translation is the primary rule to be followed, and pro-vides children's literature translation with theory evidence. The Borrowers was introduced into China in 1990, highly appreciatedby readers. However, the related research in the translation of this book is poor. This paper takes Skopostheorie as the theoreticalframework and combines the characteristics of children's literature, discussing the different Chinese translation versions of the Brit-ish children's literature The Borrowers. This paper makes a comparative analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of differentChinese versions, and summarizes the methods of translating children's literature.展开更多
Themain objective of this paper is to present an integrated approach to evaluate the level of satisfaction of borrowers with the products and services of microfinance institutions(MFI)at different criterion levels.For...Themain objective of this paper is to present an integrated approach to evaluate the level of satisfaction of borrowers with the products and services of microfinance institutions(MFI)at different criterion levels.For this,the study adopts the concept of FCEM(Fuzzy Comprehensive EvaluationMethod)in concurrence with the AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process).In our day-to-day situation,the researchers have made many efforts to assess the impact of Microfinance on poverty reduction,but borrowers’satisfaction is always overlooked.Since the multiple factors impact the borrower’s satisfaction,each factor is made of different items.Thus,as the factors items increase,many uncertainties are created,and hence this will make the decisionmaking unsmooth or imprecise.To describe this,the FCEM method deals with the vagueness in the collection information phase.However,the AHP has been utilized to determine the objective weights of each factor.The presented integrated framework has been illustrated with a case study and presented their results.The study’s managerial benefit is also reported to address the situation.展开更多
The paper is entitled“Coinage in Akan Among Senior High School Students”.It aims to investigate coinage used by senior high school students.This paper also investigates other word formation processes involved in coi...The paper is entitled“Coinage in Akan Among Senior High School Students”.It aims to investigate coinage used by senior high school students.This paper also investigates other word formation processes involved in coined words and the reasons why the students use them in their everyday conversation.The collected data from direct elicitation and interviews were categorized into the types of coined words and analyzed in terms of their formation processes by using a method of analysis based on theories as proposed by Yule(1985),Potter(1975),O’Grady and Guzman(1996),and Gerber(1968).The findings show that there are 10 groups of word formation processes in this study.This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the findings of a sociolinguistic survey geared towards coinage as used by students of both Osei Tutu Senior High School and Bisease Community/Senior High School speech communities.It is also imperative to state that these two schools are located in typical Akan speaking communities.Osei Tutu Senior High School,situated in Akropong,in the Ashanti region of Ghana,is a single sex school(boys’school)and Bisease Community/Senior High School on the other hand is situated in Ajumako-Bisease in the central region.The latter is a mixed school.展开更多
Integrated writing tasks,requiring writers to summarize source content and integrate their ideas or experience with those in the source text,are widely used in standardized tests of English proficiency.Integrated writ...Integrated writing tasks,requiring writers to summarize source content and integrate their ideas or experience with those in the source text,are widely used in standardized tests of English proficiency.Integrated writing adds an element not found in traditional independent writing:the use of source text material.Recently,concern has been raised that over-reliance on source texts in integrated writing may lead to plagiarism as well as inaccurate assessment which calls for further investigation.Research on L2 students’writing using sources has broadened its focus from transgressive citing practices to stages of skill development in this complicated literacy,the successive challenges students face,and how instruction might be of benefit.Previous literature mainly focused on source use in academic writing and seldom considered summary writing in standardized tests,while summary strategy is particularly important in standardized tests,in which summary accounts for a significant part of the assessment criteria.Given that a series of previous literature have indicated that source text use,source texts,and prompts are associated with the quality of summary writing,this article reviews the source text borrowing in the summary of integrated writing to further explore the relationship between some variables and the quality of summary writing and therefore finds some research gaps in this field.展开更多
One of the main theories of "borrowing scenery" which was "borrowing scenery under the guidance of emotion" was expounded from two aspects.And the second aspect was emphasized,that is,integrating s...One of the main theories of "borrowing scenery" which was "borrowing scenery under the guidance of emotion" was expounded from two aspects.And the second aspect was emphasized,that is,integrating social beauty into natural beauty so as to produce artistic beauty of landscape,and layer beauty was the main content manifested in Chinese landscape garden.展开更多
Private garden is one of the three major garden styles in China,the artistic achievements of which have devoted remarkable contributions to the development of global landscape architecture.Through studying the spatial...Private garden is one of the three major garden styles in China,the artistic achievements of which have devoted remarkable contributions to the development of global landscape architecture.Through studying the spatial layout of private gardens,the authors further analyzed three ways of landscape layouts,specifically,separated scenery,winding scenery and borrowed scenery.Concrete examples were taken to demonstrate the connotations and application skills of such three layouts,in order to benefit the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese garden art.展开更多
Lexical borrowing in China English is an important part of English localization.This paper,on the basis of the study of vogue lexical English expressions on the Internet,tries to describe and explain the characteristi...Lexical borrowing in China English is an important part of English localization.This paper,on the basis of the study of vogue lexical English expressions on the Internet,tries to describe and explain the characteristics of lexical borrowings in China English on the Internet.展开更多
This dissertaion will focus on the words English borrowed from Chinese to discuss the influence of Chinese culture on English. In the history of word borrowing, it is not until in the 18 th and 19th century that there...This dissertaion will focus on the words English borrowed from Chinese to discuss the influence of Chinese culture on English. In the history of word borrowing, it is not until in the 18 th and 19th century that there was a flood of Chinese loanwords into English. Most of the words are nouns about custom,culture, and goods with Chinese characteristic. The Chinese loanwords set foot into English by the means of transliteration, Among all Chinese dialects Mandarin, Cantonese and Amoy contributed most to English. Other languages such as Japanese bridged the borrowing process,too.展开更多
With the development of the society and culture, English vocabulary change rapidly. English has always been in a state of evolution. In recent years new words enter the English language at an increasing rate. This pap...With the development of the society and culture, English vocabulary change rapidly. English has always been in a state of evolution. In recent years new words enter the English language at an increasing rate. This paper makes an attempt to analyze eight ways of new English word formation, creating, blending, shortening, functional shift, back- formation, affixation, compounding and borrowing — by presenting mainly English examples.展开更多
Each family has its own specifications and different volume of cultural capital which more or less stimulates the child development. Very specific is the case of book ownership in the family. The paper analyzes materi...Each family has its own specifications and different volume of cultural capital which more or less stimulates the child development. Very specific is the case of book ownership in the family. The paper analyzes material and cultural environment of present-day families in the north-western part of Slovak republic. The author presents the results of observation of some material conditions in Slovak families with primary school children and finds out their impact on the children's school success.展开更多
Home mortgage loan lending firms are exposed to many business risks.This paper focuses on the mortgage loan borrower risks and proposes a prospective loss analysis approach in regard to loan repayment defaults of borr...Home mortgage loan lending firms are exposed to many business risks.This paper focuses on the mortgage loan borrower risks and proposes a prospective loss analysis approach in regard to loan repayment defaults of borrowers.For this purpose,a predictive modeling is presented in three stages.In the first stage,occurrence of borrower defaults in a mortgage loans portfolio is modeled through the generalized linear models(GLMs)type regressions for which we specify a logistic distribution for default events.The second stage of modeling develops a survival analysis in order to estimate survival probability and hazard rate functions for individual loans.Ultimately,an expectable loss amount model is presented in the third stage as a function of conditional survival probabilities and corresponding hazard rates at loan levels.Throughout all modeling stages,a large and real data set is used as an empirical analysis case by which detailed interpretations and practical implications of the obtained results are stated.展开更多
Many existing real time commit protocols try to improve system performance by allowing a committing cohort to lend its data to an executing cohort, thus reducing data inaccessibility. They block the borrower from send...Many existing real time commit protocols try to improve system performance by allowing a committing cohort to lend its data to an executing cohort, thus reducing data inaccessibility. They block the borrower from sending WORKDONE/PREPARED message and restrict them from lending data so that transaction abort chain is limited to one. Thus, transaction execution time increases. This paper proposes a modified real time commit protocol for distributed real time database systems (DRTDBS), Allow Commit Dependent and in Time borrowers for Incredible Value added data lending without extended abort chain (ACTIVE), where borrower cohorts are categorized as commit and abort dependent. Further, the commit dependent borrowers can lend data to executing cohorts with still limiting the transaction abort chain to one only and reducing the data inaccessibility. Also, an incoming executing cohort having borrowing factor greater than one can only borrow the dirty data items from lender. This minimizes the fruitless borrowing by the cohort. The performance of ACTIVE is compared with PROMPT, 2SC and SWIFT protocols for both main memory resident and disk resident databases with and without communication delay. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol improves the system performance up to 4% as transaction miss percentage.展开更多
Based on the translated version of“The Root Cause of Poverty”by Rutger Bregman on the Ted speech online platform,this research analyzes the application of direct borrowing,imitative translation and creative translat...Based on the translated version of“The Root Cause of Poverty”by Rutger Bregman on the Ted speech online platform,this research analyzes the application of direct borrowing,imitative translation and creative translation in English-Chinese translation.First,we believe the direct borrowing of a ready-made version is most ideal as it reveals the common ground both languages share when translating a source text.Next,it is preferable to imitate an already existing expression as similarity is reader-friendly.However,it is sometimes necessary to adopt creative translation to preserve differences to ensure that the meaning of the original language is accurately transmitted.展开更多
1.昨天他从我这里借了本词典。[误] He lent a dictionary from me yesterday. [正] He borrowed a dictionary from me yesterday. [析] borrow表示“借进、借入”,即主语向别人借东西供自己使用,通常与from连用;而lend表示“借出...1.昨天他从我这里借了本词典。[误] He lent a dictionary from me yesterday. [正] He borrowed a dictionary from me yesterday. [析] borrow表示“借进、借入”,即主语向别人借东西供自己使用,通常与from连用;而lend表示“借出”,指主语把自己的东西借给别人用,通常与to连用。展开更多
During the process of language contact, a lot of language changes may appear, among which lexical borrowing, the origin lexical item from one language being used by another language, is one of the most common phenomen...During the process of language contact, a lot of language changes may appear, among which lexical borrowing, the origin lexical item from one language being used by another language, is one of the most common phenomena. As a result of globalization, the frequent contact with western culture and the English language has brought a huge amount of lexical borrowings to the Chinese language. This paper mainly looks at the language contact of the English loan words in Chinese in the following three methods, namely transliteration, semantic loan and a mixture of the two respectively. The discussion over the examination will contribute to the understanding of English as a lingua franca and its language contact with Chinese.展开更多
文摘When translating children's literature, the characteristics of the target readers can not be neglected. However, in thetranslation of literary works in China, translation of children's literature in China has always been ignored. E-C translation practicein children's literature and the theoretical study are of imbalance. When it comes to the theoretical study of E-C translation of chil-dren's literature, it is far backward. Skopostheorie holds that the purpose of translation is the primary rule to be followed, and pro-vides children's literature translation with theory evidence. The Borrowers was introduced into China in 1990, highly appreciatedby readers. However, the related research in the translation of this book is poor. This paper takes Skopostheorie as the theoreticalframework and combines the characteristics of children's literature, discussing the different Chinese translation versions of the Brit-ish children's literature The Borrowers. This paper makes a comparative analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of differentChinese versions, and summarizes the methods of translating children's literature.
文摘Themain objective of this paper is to present an integrated approach to evaluate the level of satisfaction of borrowers with the products and services of microfinance institutions(MFI)at different criterion levels.For this,the study adopts the concept of FCEM(Fuzzy Comprehensive EvaluationMethod)in concurrence with the AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process).In our day-to-day situation,the researchers have made many efforts to assess the impact of Microfinance on poverty reduction,but borrowers’satisfaction is always overlooked.Since the multiple factors impact the borrower’s satisfaction,each factor is made of different items.Thus,as the factors items increase,many uncertainties are created,and hence this will make the decisionmaking unsmooth or imprecise.To describe this,the FCEM method deals with the vagueness in the collection information phase.However,the AHP has been utilized to determine the objective weights of each factor.The presented integrated framework has been illustrated with a case study and presented their results.The study’s managerial benefit is also reported to address the situation.
文摘The paper is entitled“Coinage in Akan Among Senior High School Students”.It aims to investigate coinage used by senior high school students.This paper also investigates other word formation processes involved in coined words and the reasons why the students use them in their everyday conversation.The collected data from direct elicitation and interviews were categorized into the types of coined words and analyzed in terms of their formation processes by using a method of analysis based on theories as proposed by Yule(1985),Potter(1975),O’Grady and Guzman(1996),and Gerber(1968).The findings show that there are 10 groups of word formation processes in this study.This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the findings of a sociolinguistic survey geared towards coinage as used by students of both Osei Tutu Senior High School and Bisease Community/Senior High School speech communities.It is also imperative to state that these two schools are located in typical Akan speaking communities.Osei Tutu Senior High School,situated in Akropong,in the Ashanti region of Ghana,is a single sex school(boys’school)and Bisease Community/Senior High School on the other hand is situated in Ajumako-Bisease in the central region.The latter is a mixed school.
文摘Integrated writing tasks,requiring writers to summarize source content and integrate their ideas or experience with those in the source text,are widely used in standardized tests of English proficiency.Integrated writing adds an element not found in traditional independent writing:the use of source text material.Recently,concern has been raised that over-reliance on source texts in integrated writing may lead to plagiarism as well as inaccurate assessment which calls for further investigation.Research on L2 students’writing using sources has broadened its focus from transgressive citing practices to stages of skill development in this complicated literacy,the successive challenges students face,and how instruction might be of benefit.Previous literature mainly focused on source use in academic writing and seldom considered summary writing in standardized tests,while summary strategy is particularly important in standardized tests,in which summary accounts for a significant part of the assessment criteria.Given that a series of previous literature have indicated that source text use,source texts,and prompts are associated with the quality of summary writing,this article reviews the source text borrowing in the summary of integrated writing to further explore the relationship between some variables and the quality of summary writing and therefore finds some research gaps in this field.
文摘One of the main theories of "borrowing scenery" which was "borrowing scenery under the guidance of emotion" was expounded from two aspects.And the second aspect was emphasized,that is,integrating social beauty into natural beauty so as to produce artistic beauty of landscape,and layer beauty was the main content manifested in Chinese landscape garden.
文摘Private garden is one of the three major garden styles in China,the artistic achievements of which have devoted remarkable contributions to the development of global landscape architecture.Through studying the spatial layout of private gardens,the authors further analyzed three ways of landscape layouts,specifically,separated scenery,winding scenery and borrowed scenery.Concrete examples were taken to demonstrate the connotations and application skills of such three layouts,in order to benefit the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese garden art.
文摘Lexical borrowing in China English is an important part of English localization.This paper,on the basis of the study of vogue lexical English expressions on the Internet,tries to describe and explain the characteristics of lexical borrowings in China English on the Internet.
文摘This dissertaion will focus on the words English borrowed from Chinese to discuss the influence of Chinese culture on English. In the history of word borrowing, it is not until in the 18 th and 19th century that there was a flood of Chinese loanwords into English. Most of the words are nouns about custom,culture, and goods with Chinese characteristic. The Chinese loanwords set foot into English by the means of transliteration, Among all Chinese dialects Mandarin, Cantonese and Amoy contributed most to English. Other languages such as Japanese bridged the borrowing process,too.
文摘With the development of the society and culture, English vocabulary change rapidly. English has always been in a state of evolution. In recent years new words enter the English language at an increasing rate. This paper makes an attempt to analyze eight ways of new English word formation, creating, blending, shortening, functional shift, back- formation, affixation, compounding and borrowing — by presenting mainly English examples.
文摘Each family has its own specifications and different volume of cultural capital which more or less stimulates the child development. Very specific is the case of book ownership in the family. The paper analyzes material and cultural environment of present-day families in the north-western part of Slovak republic. The author presents the results of observation of some material conditions in Slovak families with primary school children and finds out their impact on the children's school success.
文摘Home mortgage loan lending firms are exposed to many business risks.This paper focuses on the mortgage loan borrower risks and proposes a prospective loss analysis approach in regard to loan repayment defaults of borrowers.For this purpose,a predictive modeling is presented in three stages.In the first stage,occurrence of borrower defaults in a mortgage loans portfolio is modeled through the generalized linear models(GLMs)type regressions for which we specify a logistic distribution for default events.The second stage of modeling develops a survival analysis in order to estimate survival probability and hazard rate functions for individual loans.Ultimately,an expectable loss amount model is presented in the third stage as a function of conditional survival probabilities and corresponding hazard rates at loan levels.Throughout all modeling stages,a large and real data set is used as an empirical analysis case by which detailed interpretations and practical implications of the obtained results are stated.
文摘Many existing real time commit protocols try to improve system performance by allowing a committing cohort to lend its data to an executing cohort, thus reducing data inaccessibility. They block the borrower from sending WORKDONE/PREPARED message and restrict them from lending data so that transaction abort chain is limited to one. Thus, transaction execution time increases. This paper proposes a modified real time commit protocol for distributed real time database systems (DRTDBS), Allow Commit Dependent and in Time borrowers for Incredible Value added data lending without extended abort chain (ACTIVE), where borrower cohorts are categorized as commit and abort dependent. Further, the commit dependent borrowers can lend data to executing cohorts with still limiting the transaction abort chain to one only and reducing the data inaccessibility. Also, an incoming executing cohort having borrowing factor greater than one can only borrow the dirty data items from lender. This minimizes the fruitless borrowing by the cohort. The performance of ACTIVE is compared with PROMPT, 2SC and SWIFT protocols for both main memory resident and disk resident databases with and without communication delay. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol improves the system performance up to 4% as transaction miss percentage.
文摘Based on the translated version of“The Root Cause of Poverty”by Rutger Bregman on the Ted speech online platform,this research analyzes the application of direct borrowing,imitative translation and creative translation in English-Chinese translation.First,we believe the direct borrowing of a ready-made version is most ideal as it reveals the common ground both languages share when translating a source text.Next,it is preferable to imitate an already existing expression as similarity is reader-friendly.However,it is sometimes necessary to adopt creative translation to preserve differences to ensure that the meaning of the original language is accurately transmitted.
文摘1.昨天他从我这里借了本词典。[误] He lent a dictionary from me yesterday. [正] He borrowed a dictionary from me yesterday. [析] borrow表示“借进、借入”,即主语向别人借东西供自己使用,通常与from连用;而lend表示“借出”,指主语把自己的东西借给别人用,通常与to连用。
文摘During the process of language contact, a lot of language changes may appear, among which lexical borrowing, the origin lexical item from one language being used by another language, is one of the most common phenomena. As a result of globalization, the frequent contact with western culture and the English language has brought a huge amount of lexical borrowings to the Chinese language. This paper mainly looks at the language contact of the English loan words in Chinese in the following three methods, namely transliteration, semantic loan and a mixture of the two respectively. The discussion over the examination will contribute to the understanding of English as a lingua franca and its language contact with Chinese.