Effect of Aqueous Extract of Boscia senegalensis on Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress Induced in Rats

Boscia aqueous extract. senegalensis on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress induced in rats. The aqueous extract was prepared from B. senegalensis seed powders under the extraction conditions: time (10 min), temperature (55˚C) and the ratio of mass of flour/volume of water (3/10 g/mL). Male wistar rats aged 6 to 8 weeks were acclimated and divided into 8 groups of 5 rats each: two normal control groups which received a normal standard diet (3810 kcal/kg), and six test groups which were subjected to a hyperlipidemic diet (5310 Kcal/kg). All groups of animals were fed in this manner for 8 weeks to induce hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress. After induction the animals were treated either with distilled water for the normal and negative control groups or with atorvastatin for the positive control group or with the extract of B. senegalensis. (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) for the test groups. Fasting blood glucose was taken every 7 days during induction. After sacrifice, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters were measured. The aqueous extract of B. senegalensis significantly decreased (p B. senegalensis at a dose of 500 mg/kg has the capacity to reduce blood sugar, improve the quality of the lipid profile and reduce oxidative stress. Thus, the results reveal that the aqueous extract of B. senegalensis has powerful hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties.

Development of a Performant Method for Glucocapparin Determination in Boscia senegalensis Lam Ex. Poir.: A Study of the Variability

This study describes a glucocapparin determination method. Based on rapeseed determination of glucosinolate (GSL), the equation of the average straight regression line is Y = 100.42X – 0.03 (R2 = 0.9998). Enzymatic hydrolysis of glucocapparin extracted from leaves and fruits of B. senegalensis, analyzed by SPME-GC-MS confirmed the presence of methylisothiocyanate as the main hydrolysis glucocapparin product. Monitoring glucocapparin contents in B. senegalensis leaves and fruits collected in 4 localities in Senegal showed differences between organs according localities and periods of harvest. Glucocapparin content was very high in dry season particularly in January and the lowest rates were recorded during the rainy period between August and November.

Anti-Obesity Effect of Boscia senegalensis in Rabbits

Introduction: Obesity is defined as excessive and abnormal accumulation of fatty tissue with significant somatic, psychological and social consequences on quality of life. Obesity has long been considered a simple aesthetic problem linked to excessive gluttony. It is however recognized today as a real pathology, so much so that the WHO has declared it as “the first non-infectious epidemic in history and a major problem of the century”. In addition, many studies have been carried out aimed at the production of less fatty foods and, scientifically, at the development of anti-obesity drugs. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of the extract of Boscia senegalensis (Capparaceae) used in Chad to fight against type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Methodology: A bromatological study of Boscia senegalensis extract was carried out at the Food Quality Control Centre (CECOQDA) in Ndjamena (Chad), followed by an in vivo study of rabbits carried out at the IRED Biotechnopôle laboratory (Chad). Results: The results obtained from the 100 g bromatological study of the dry extract of Boscia senegalensis are as follows: protein content (20.24% ± 0.007%), fat content (5.92% ± 0.21%), carbohydrate content (35.16% ± 1.05%), fibre content (2.11% ± 0.26%), moisture content (5.7% ± 0.14%) and ash content (2.90% ± 0.03%). No aflatoxin was detected in the dry extract of Boscia senegalensis. A significant decrease (p = 0.04) in body weight was observed in rabbits treated with Boscia senegalensis extract compared to controls. In addition, histological sections of the various organs (liver, spleen, kidneys) of treated rabbits showed no lesions following the incorporation of the extract of Boscia senegalensis. Conclusion: This study showed the anti-obesity effect of Boscia senegalensis. It also made it possible to verify the harmlessness of the product with regard to the results on chronic toxicity.

Dendrochronological Potential and Impact of Climate Factors on Radial Growth of Two Species in the Sahelian Zone: <i>Boscia senegalensis</i>(Pers.) Lam. ex Poir and <i>Sclerocarya birrea</i>(A. Rich) Hoscht (Ferlo Nord/Senegal)

The objective of this study is to analyze the dendrochronological potential of two Sahelian species (B. senegalensis and S. birrea) and to evaluate the relationships between their growth rings and the climate. The study was conducted in 2016 in the Ferlo area of Senegal. The biological material consists of wood slices, taken from the trunks of these adult woody species at 0.30 m and 1.30 m from the ground after they have been felled. The technique used to examine the slices consists in identifying their rings, establishing their structures, inter-dating them and studying the relationship between the identified rings and climatic factors. The results showed that the species had thin, clear, highly visible and sharp rings. The limit of growth is marked by a line of parenchyma. Intradatation series carried out on the chronologies made it possible to estimate the ages of the individuals, which vary from 10 to 38 years for B. senegalensis and from 29 to 50 years for S. birrea. Their average growth rates are estimated at 0.906 mm/year and 0.89 mm/year respectively. The chronological sequences are 29 years (1987-2016) for B. senegalensis and 38 years (1964-2012) for S. birrea. The results revealed that there is no significant correlation between the growth chronologies of B. senegalensis and the climatic regressors (temperature and precipitation). In contrast, the ring-climate relationship shows that in S. birrea winter precipitation positively influences ring growth while temperature has no effect on ring growth in this species. This study provides a better understanding of the response of forest ecosystems to possible climate change, particularly in the current context of sustainable forest management.

Development of Allometric Models for Estimating the Biomass of <i>Sclerocarya birrea</i>(A.Rich) Hoscht and <i>Boscia senegalensis</i>(Pers.) Lam. ex Poir.

The objective of this study was to develop allometric models for estimating the biomass of Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich) Hoscht and Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir. The inventory of these ligneous was carried out at Widou Thiengoly (North of Senegal). The sample consists of 43 individuals of Boscia senegalensis and 15 individuals of Sclerocarya birrea. The selected individuals were dendrometrically characterized before being cut, compartmentalized (trunk, branches, and twigs) and weighed entirely. Simple regression tests were performed to examine the most explanatory dendrometric parameter (x) for biomass (y) according to two types of models: the linear model (y = ax + b) and the polynomial model of degrees 2 (y = ax2 + bx + c). The criteria for selection and validity of the models are based firstly on the tests of normality, nullity, heterogeneity and autocorrelation of the residues. The results showed that the most explanatory dendrometric parameter of the biomass was the crown surface for Boscia senegalensis and the 1.30 m diameter for Sclerocarya birrea of all the tests performed, the second-order Polynomial model is the best predictor of above ground biomass for these two species. Thus, the allometric models established to predict the biomass of these two species are: y = 0.0023x2 + 0.4851x - 0.0519 for Boscia senegalensis and y = 0.35x2 + 10.35x - 12.90 for S. birrea;with very significant correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.85 and 0.94 respectively. These results can be used for a sequestered carbon assessment study and will play a role in monitoring the carbon market in Africa.

Establishment of an in vitro micropropagation protocol for Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.ex Poir.

This report describes in vitro micropropagation of Boscia senegalensis,so-called famine foods,that helped the people in Darfur and Kordofan,Sudan survive during the 1984-1985 famine.Four types of explants prepared from green mature zygotic embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 1-5 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA).The highest number of shoots per explant (14.3±0.9) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA,while the highest shoot length [(3.5±0.4) cm] was obtained with 1 mg/L BA.The shoot cluster,when subcultured to its same medium,significantly increased the rate of shoot multiplication by the end of the third subculture.The maximum mean number of shoots per explant (86.5±3.6) was produced after three multiplication cycles on 3 mg/L BA-supplemented medium.In vitro induced shoots were excised and rooted on half strength MS medium fortified with 0.25 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to obtain complete plantlets.B.senegalensis-regenerated plantlets obtained in vitro for the first time,were hardened and 95% survived under greenhouse conditions.