The People's Republic of China Social Insurance Law (draft) has undergone three readings at the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The Law, once promulgated, will be of great significance to imp...The People's Republic of China Social Insurance Law (draft) has undergone three readings at the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The Law, once promulgated, will be of great significance to implementation of the constitutional principle of "respecting and protecting human rights." It will help regulate the various social insurance relationships and the rights and obligations of the parties involved.展开更多
HUMAN rights is an important worldwide topic. On September 12-13, the Sixth Beijing Forum on Human Rights was held with the theme being "Construction of Environment for Sustainable Human Rights Development." The for...HUMAN rights is an important worldwide topic. On September 12-13, the Sixth Beijing Forum on Human Rights was held with the theme being "Construction of Environment for Sustainable Human Rights Development." The forum attracted more than 100 officials and human rights experts from the United Nations and 33 countries and regions,展开更多
National parks as protected areas have been on the spotlight because they are essential in achieving ecological civilization in China.Despite the profound achievements of national parks to conserve nature,the benefits...National parks as protected areas have been on the spotlight because they are essential in achieving ecological civilization in China.Despite the profound achievements of national parks to conserve nature,the benefits of national parks for local residents remain lacking.Under the theory of harmonious coexistence between human and nature,this study focused on the development of local people’s livelihood in Qinghai’s national parks.We systematically explored the establishment of the national parks in Qinghai Province,analyzed the current prob-lems,and provided the main measures for developing people’s livelihood in protected areas in Qinghai.This study put forward the viewpoint that national parks should set a long-term goal,and gradually advance based on the environmental conditions and appropriately prioritize the improvement of local people’s wellbeing in the future.展开更多
Conflict between conservation and community livelihood is a significant issue in China.Based on Sustainable Livelihood Framework(SLA),this study systematically analyzed livelihoods assets of a community in a Yunnan sn...Conflict between conservation and community livelihood is a significant issue in China.Based on Sustainable Livelihood Framework(SLA),this study systematically analyzed livelihoods assets of a community in a Yunnan snub-nosed monkey conservation area and found that the livelihood pentagon of the community was shaped by multiple but frail and unstable income sources,abundant natural resources with restricted use right,underutilized labors,inadequate financial resources,inconvenient physical capital and weak social capital.Villagers'income heavily depended on forest,and grazing and nontimber forest products(NTFP)collection are common and major income sources for villagers.However,differentiation of income dependence on forest among villagers'groups showed that there is no close correlation between the level of income and the level of income dependence on forest.Households'daily life also heavily depended on the forest due to heating and pig-feed cooking;hence,fuelwood cannot be easily replaced by any other energy resource for a long period.展开更多
With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation, cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land prot...With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation, cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land protection and improving the utilization ratio of cultivated land. Farmer household's satisfaction has a great influence on the effectiveness of compensation. Therefore, households' willingness to select the economic compensation pattern for cultivated land protection has been considered and re-examined. By employing Participatory Rural Appraisal method (PRA), 3 villages and 392 households were investigated and sampled in mesa and hilly areas of Chongqing. Then a quantitative analysis framework of household livelihood hexagon has been developed to quantify the livelihood assets of differ- ent farmer households. Finally, the Gray Relation Model and Probit Regression Model have been employed to explore the coupling relationship between the household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern options. The results show that there are both qualitative and spatial heterogeneity in household livelihood assets. We found that the inequality of livelihood assets is evident for five household types. There is a spatial trend that the higher the eleva- tion, the less livelihood assets are. In addition, their options of economic compensation pat- tern vary from Chengdu Pattern to Foshan Pattern due to their difference in livelihood assets and difference in location. In detail, there is a coupling relationship between household live- lihood assets and their compensation pattern; negative correlation is observed between natural assets value and household pattern options, while the other livelihood assets have positive impacts on compensation pattern in varying degrees, which from the top are psy- chological assets, human assets, physical assets, financial assets, and social assets respec- tively. A conceptual compensation pattern system has been designed to meet the demands for farmer households mainly according to their shortage in livelihood assets. In addition, compensation method, compensation standard, the basis of compensation and the source of compensation funds have been proposed accordingly.展开更多
文摘The People's Republic of China Social Insurance Law (draft) has undergone three readings at the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The Law, once promulgated, will be of great significance to implementation of the constitutional principle of "respecting and protecting human rights." It will help regulate the various social insurance relationships and the rights and obligations of the parties involved.
文摘HUMAN rights is an important worldwide topic. On September 12-13, the Sixth Beijing Forum on Human Rights was held with the theme being "Construction of Environment for Sustainable Human Rights Development." The forum attracted more than 100 officials and human rights experts from the United Nations and 33 countries and regions,
基金This work was funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expe-dition and Research(STEP)program(Grant No.2019QZKK0501)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA2002030302)+1 种基金Joint Grant from Chinese Academy of Sciences-People’s Government of Qinghai Province on Sanjiangyuan Na-tional Park(Grant No.LHZX-2020-01)Construction Fund for Qing-hai Key Laboratories(Grant No.2017-ZJ-Y23).
文摘National parks as protected areas have been on the spotlight because they are essential in achieving ecological civilization in China.Despite the profound achievements of national parks to conserve nature,the benefits of national parks for local residents remain lacking.Under the theory of harmonious coexistence between human and nature,this study focused on the development of local people’s livelihood in Qinghai’s national parks.We systematically explored the establishment of the national parks in Qinghai Province,analyzed the current prob-lems,and provided the main measures for developing people’s livelihood in protected areas in Qinghai.This study put forward the viewpoint that national parks should set a long-term goal,and gradually advance based on the environmental conditions and appropriately prioritize the improvement of local people’s wellbeing in the future.
基金supported by the Nature Conservancy[grant number NA/KUNMING/YU030112]Yunnan Provincial Fund of Social Science[grant number YB2013024]
文摘Conflict between conservation and community livelihood is a significant issue in China.Based on Sustainable Livelihood Framework(SLA),this study systematically analyzed livelihoods assets of a community in a Yunnan snub-nosed monkey conservation area and found that the livelihood pentagon of the community was shaped by multiple but frail and unstable income sources,abundant natural resources with restricted use right,underutilized labors,inadequate financial resources,inconvenient physical capital and weak social capital.Villagers'income heavily depended on forest,and grazing and nontimber forest products(NTFP)collection are common and major income sources for villagers.However,differentiation of income dependence on forest among villagers'groups showed that there is no close correlation between the level of income and the level of income dependence on forest.Households'daily life also heavily depended on the forest due to heating and pig-feed cooking;hence,fuelwood cannot be easily replaced by any other energy resource for a long period.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41371177
文摘With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation, cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land protection and improving the utilization ratio of cultivated land. Farmer household's satisfaction has a great influence on the effectiveness of compensation. Therefore, households' willingness to select the economic compensation pattern for cultivated land protection has been considered and re-examined. By employing Participatory Rural Appraisal method (PRA), 3 villages and 392 households were investigated and sampled in mesa and hilly areas of Chongqing. Then a quantitative analysis framework of household livelihood hexagon has been developed to quantify the livelihood assets of differ- ent farmer households. Finally, the Gray Relation Model and Probit Regression Model have been employed to explore the coupling relationship between the household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern options. The results show that there are both qualitative and spatial heterogeneity in household livelihood assets. We found that the inequality of livelihood assets is evident for five household types. There is a spatial trend that the higher the eleva- tion, the less livelihood assets are. In addition, their options of economic compensation pat- tern vary from Chengdu Pattern to Foshan Pattern due to their difference in livelihood assets and difference in location. In detail, there is a coupling relationship between household live- lihood assets and their compensation pattern; negative correlation is observed between natural assets value and household pattern options, while the other livelihood assets have positive impacts on compensation pattern in varying degrees, which from the top are psy- chological assets, human assets, physical assets, financial assets, and social assets respec- tively. A conceptual compensation pattern system has been designed to meet the demands for farmer households mainly according to their shortage in livelihood assets. In addition, compensation method, compensation standard, the basis of compensation and the source of compensation funds have been proposed accordingly.