Two Crossed Dermal Flaps for Prevention of Bottoming out after Breast Reduction

Introduction: Breast reduction is one of the most prevalent plastic surgery procedures in Syria and the world, bottoming out on the other hand is one of the most happened disadvantages after breast reduction with inferior pedicle technique. Different techniques were used to prevent this deformity after inferior pedicle. In this study we tried to prevent bottoming out by using two crossed dermal flaps suspending the inferior pedicle to the periosteum of the 2nd rib. Methods and materials: 32 patients had breast reduction surgery using inferior pedicle technique at Almowassat University Hospital in Damascus. We divide them into 2 groups, 16 patients each. First group we used crossed dermal flaps with the inferior pedicle and the second group was without these flaps, the dermal flaps had a base on the side of the inferior pedicle base, crossed anterior to it in the middle point between the lower edge of the areola and the IMF and then sutured to the periosteum of the 2nd rib on each side. Results: Preoperatively, the average distance between the inframammary fold and areola was 14.5 cm (range, 11 - 18 cm) in the first group without dermal flaps and 14 cm in the second group with dermal flaps. The average amount of breast parenchymal resection was 790 g (range, 140 - 1600 g). The average distance between the inframammary fold and the lower border of the areola was 8.5 cm (range, 7.5 - 9 cm) on the postoperative first-year measurements in the group with flaps and 10.2 cm (8.6 - 11.4 cm) in the other group. Conclusion: Inferior pedicle suspension using crossed dermal flaps has a real role in preventing bottoming out, without using any allogenic or alloplastic materials, making it one of the considered ways in preventing bottoming after breast reduction.

Physical and Chemical Characterizations of Rubber Latex Cup Bottom Oil

Rubber latex is an important economic resource. However, the residues from its harvesting are thrown away, even though they contain lipids that can be recycled. This recovery of the residues from the bottom of the cup requires first and foremost their characterization. The aim of this study is therefore to determine the main physical and chemical characteristics of rubber latex cup bottom oil. Oil’s physical parameters determination shows that it has a density of 951 kg∙m−3, a kinematic viscosity of 48.57 cSt and a water content of 0.0845%. Chemical parameters, meanwhile, indicate that this cup bottom residue has a fat content of 95.96%, an acid number of 2.805 mg KOH/g and an iodine number of 92.42 g I2/100g. Therefore, rubber latex cup bottom oil can be used in the formulation of biofuels, biolubricants, paints, varnishes, alkyd resins, polishing oils, soaps, and insecticides.

Formulation of Motor Oil from Blends of Rubber Latex Cup Bottom Oil (RLBO) and Used Frying Oil (UFO)

Most motor oils are made from mineral oils derived from petroleum, the reserves of which are limited and exhaustible. The aim of this study is to produce and characterize motor oil formulations based on mixtures of rubber latex cup bottom oil (RLCBO) and used frying oil (UFO). The results show that these formulations have a density between 0.91 and 0.92. These densities evolve linearly with the proportion of cup bottom oil and temperature. Similarly, the kinematic viscosity of the blends follows an exponential relationship with temperature. By plotting the logarithm of these kinematic viscosities against the inverse of the temperature, we were able to determine the activation energy of the various blends and deduce that the formulations behave Newtonian.

Hydro-Sedimentary Dynamics of the Grand-Popo Lagoon Located Upstream of the Mobile Embouchure “Bouche du Roy” in South-Western Benin

The problems of flooding, bank erosion and even the breaching of the barrier beach by the Grand-Popo lagoon are a concern in the south-western Beninese river-lagoon complex. The present study aims to improve the knowledge of the factors controlling the hydro-sedimentary functioning of this lagoon of Grand-Popo. It was based on bathymetric and sedimentological studies and the analysis of physical-chemical parameters of the water and allowed to know the morphology of the lagoon bottom and the distribution of sedimentary facies according to the intensity of the water current. The salinity of the lagoon waters shows a west-east gradient passing thus from 0‰ to 0.78‰ in the main direction of flow. Over the whole lagoon system, the average liquid flows vary from -38.499 to 159.13 m3/s. The bathymetry indicates depths varying from 0.4 to 6.5 m, revealing type V and type U lagoon bottoms which reflect acute bottom concavities marked by hollowing under the effect of strong currents or by sandy terraces resulting from the continuous input of sediments carried by the Mono River. These sediments are heterogeneously distributed in the lagoon bottom and vary from free sand to mud. Given the complexity of the factors that control the hydro-sedimentary functioning of the Grand-Popo lagoon, it is recommended that periodic hydrological and bathymetric monitoring be carried out to locate exceptional variations in water levels to prevent not only the risks of overflowing lagoon waters and the flooding that follows but also spectacular erosion of the lagoon banks.

Development and Application of CDOS Series Catalysts for Bottoms Cracking

Development of CDOS catalyst for bottoms cracking is based on DOSY zeolite,which is characterized by high metal tolerance.The results of DOSY tests have shown that the catalyst has better activity retention at high metal content in the feed.The performance of catalyst tested in the bench scale was superior over that of the reference catalyst.The results of catalyst application have shown that the CDOS series catalysts have better bottoms cracking activity,high metal tolerance,excellent dry gas selectivity,and enhanced liquid yield.

A General Linear Wave Theory for Water Waves Propagating over Uneven Porous Bottoms

Starting from the widespread phenomena of porous bottoms in the near shore region, considering fully the diversity of bottom topography and wave number variation, and including the effect of evanescent modes, a general linear wave theory for water waves propagating over uneven porous bottoms in the near shore region is established by use of Green's second identity. This theory can be reduced to a number of the most typical mild-slope equations currently in use and provide a reliable research basis for follow-up development of nonlinear water wave theory involving porous bottoms.

Furnace bottom rise mechanism in preparation of Al Si alloys by electrothermal process

The experiments of preparation of Al Si alloys by electrothermal process were carried out respectively in 20 kW, 100 kW and 1 800 kW DC arc furnaces. The mechanism of furnace bottom rise was studied. It was found that the bottom rise can be divided into three types, including the low bottom temperature, abnormal reducing reaction and carbide deposition. The furnace bottom rise is related to the carbon ratio of the briquet, the heating speed of the briquet and the parameters and operation of furnace.

Commercial Application of FCC Catalyst RSC-2006

SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing has developed a FCC catalyst to crack heavy oil feedstock to improve high-value products yield, and its commercial application has been conducted successfully in RFCCU at SINOPEC Jingmen Branch Company. This catalyst has revealed its excellent bottoms crackability and coke selectivity. Commercial application tests showed that the slurry yield decreased by 2.84%, and the coke make dropped by 0.64%, with the total yield of LPG, gasoline and diesel increased by 3.99%.

Silica-Dominated Matrix Platform and Its Application in FCC Catalysts

An advanced silica-dominated matrix technology platform and its application were introduced in this paper. Through novel proprietary processing,the advanced silica-dominated matrix was prepared from the unique silica sol and pseudo-boehmite.The matrix pore size distribution and acidity can be tailored to provide optimal coke-selectivity and bottoms-cracking ability matched to feedstock characteristics.A novel FCC catalyst(RSC-2006) for reducing coke and slurry yields was developed based on the silica-dominated matrix technology platform.The results of commercial application of the said technology indicated that the RSC-2006 catalyst exhibited excellent performance on bottoms cracking,coke selectivity and high value products yields.

A Single-Season Irrigated Rice Soil Presents Higher Iron Toxicity Risk in Tropical Savannah Valley Bottoms

With the aim of finding the geochemical differences and helping to build alleviating strategies against iron toxicity, two hematite dominant valley bottoms irrigating rice soils were investigated in the Tropical Savannah region of Burkina Faso. The first site was Tiefora, a 15-ha modern double-season irrigated rice system and moderately affected by iron toxicity (10% of the area with a toxicity score of 4). The second site was Moussodougou, a 35-ha traditional singleseason irrigated rice valley-bottom, with 50% facing more severe iron toxicity (score 7). Nine soil extracts were taken from three depths—30, 50 and 100 cm—i.e. 27 at Tiefora and 27 at Moussodogou. Five techniques were used to measure the data: 1) the ferrous iron concentration was determined using a reflectometer, 2) a pH-meter yielded the pH, 3) clay-proportions were obtained by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) grain size analysis and densitometry, 4) the organic matter was determined by oven drying (900℃) and v) the dry bulk density was determined by using undisturbed soil samples. Statistical hypothesis testing of One-way ANOVA and Welch t-test was applied to the data to isolate the similarities and the differences between the two sites. A geochemical analysis followed to find the causes of these differences. The results showed that while oxidation of pyrite leads to a simultaneous increase in Fe2+ concentrations and acidity in the soils of coastal floodplains and mangroves, the oxidation of hematite in Tropical savannah valley bottoms decreases Fe2+ but also increases acidity during the dry season. As a consequence, it was found that the single-season irrigation scheme Moussodougou is significantly (p-value 0.4%) more acidic (pH 5.7) than the double-season system of Tiefora (6.4) with also 750 - 1800 mg/l higher ferrous Fe2+. The ferrous iron reached 3000 mg/l in some layers in Moussodougou. This result is a justification to modernize a traditional single-season spate irrigation schemes into a double-season irrigated rice scheme.

Evaluating the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Adding a Power Recovery System to the Steam Condenser of a Lignite Coal-Fired Power Plant

Steam is the typical working fluid to drive turbo-generators in coal-fired power plants. It is an effective working fluid, but some of its energy is extracted in an unusable form when condensed. A Power Recovery Cycle (PRC) using a more volatile Secondary Working Fluid (SWF) added to the steam cycle could improve energy efficiency. PRCs have been applied to the flue gas and for combined cycle systems but not to traditional plant steam cycles. This paper details an analysis of adding a steam cycle PRC to a 500 MW lignite coal-fired power plant. A validated model of the plant was developed and PRCs using the three most attractive SWFs, benzene, methanol and hydrazine, were then added to the model. Adding a benzene, methanol, or hydrazine steam cycle PRC will produce an additional 59, 34, and 49 MW, respectively. An AACE Class 4 factored broad capital cost estimate and comparable operating costs and revenue estimates were developed to evaluate PRC feasibility. The benzene, methanol, and hydrazine processes had 2019 Net Present Values (NPVs) @12% of -$32, -$59, and +$35 million ± 40%, respectively. Thus, a PRC may be profitable at current or modest increases to U.S. Upper Midwest electricity prices of around $0.0667/kWh.

Bottoms Up!

IF the last words you ever hear in China are gan bei （dry glass） you＇ll know you went out in a spirited way. Drinking has been intimately intertwined in almost every aspect of local culture since the earliest times and any foreigner who has spent time in China will at some point be invited to a formal banquet and encounter the stamina-sapping bout of alcoholic toasts.

Retail Sales Bottomed out Apparel Retail Sales Value + 4.8% m/m in Jul. in Shanghai

According to Shanghai Apparel Association, apparel retail sales volume in Shanghai top 10 department stores rose slightly in Jul. 2011, increasing by about 4.8 per cent m/m to 889,000 pieces. CNY310 million was spent in apparel products in Jul., edging up 5.3 per cent m/m. Average price in Jul. was CNY346.7/piece (set), up 18.5% y/y. Sales are now expected to bottom out in Aug.

The Structures Inside Turing Degrees of Recursively Enumerable Generic Sets

Jockusch and Ingrassia introduced notions of e-genericity, s-genericity and p-genericity for recursively enumerable sets in 1985 and 1980 respectively. It has been shown that there are many important properties of recursively enumerable generic sets and degrees. We have investigated the structures of wtt-degrees inside recursively enumerable p-generic Turing degrees and proved that every r.e. p-generic degree is noncontiguous. In this note, we

FREE LONG WAVES INDUCED BY WEAKLY NONLINEAR STOKES WAVES PROPAGATING OVER STRONG AMBIENT CURRENT AND AN UNEVEN BOTTOM

This paper concerns the generation of forced and free long waves. The free long waves are due to uneven bottoms and ambient currents. The pure wave evolution equation of Liu & Dingemans is extended to include the effects of strong ambient currents, leading to more general third order governing equations for the evolution of the envelope of the short waves and for the generation and scattering of the long waves.

Bottoms Up

China’s high-end liquor is becoming a luxury item and a favorite among collectors spring Festival, the most important festival for the Chinese, is a time for celebration—and what would a celebration be without bottles of holi-

2016 Tungsten Concentrate: Stable But Slightly Tight Supply, Demand Gradually Recovers, Price Bottoms Up

In 2016,China’s tungsten concentrate output declined,domestic and foreign downstream enterprises’tungsten raw material stocks were at a historical low,and the current market supply is stable but slightly tight;output of carbide alloy and other downstream products increased,while that of some elementary