Objective: Reflection is viewed as the most significant skill and should be advocated for lifelong learning. In order to grasp the process of reflection and embrace the reflective skill, one of the authors of this pap...Objective: Reflection is viewed as the most significant skill and should be advocated for lifelong learning. In order to grasp the process of reflection and embrace the reflective skill, one of the authors of this paper reflects on a practice-based issue in relation to the communication between doctors and nurses, to gain new understanding and thus improve the authors' clinical practice.Methods: Smyth's framework with four stages is utilized as an ideal framework to guide the author's reflection on the practice-based issue to free the author from her entrenched assumptions and the oppressive forces that limit her practice.Results: The espoused and enacted theory, together with the critical reflection theory, are used to explore the values and beliefs that essentially govern the author's practice and how these are distinct from the author's worldviews. Following this, critical emancipatory reflection is undertaken to explore the dominant power structures within the author's workplace. Furthermore, given the hegemonic and chaotic working context of this issue, hegemony and symbolic interaction theory are applied to unearth the various hidden constraining and oppressive forces. Additionally, socialization theory is utilized to help the author achieve professional identity.Conclusions: Reconstructing the practice-based issue empowers the author to realize that in the future, she should act as a reflective practitioner, creating a daily habit, staying alert to practice, seeing things freshly, finding support systems, improving communication skills, conducting reflective research, and reifying reflective practice. Ultimately, the author will be sufficiently equipped to be able to transform her practice and change its outcomes.展开更多
Theory is considered essential for integral assessment, adopting its foundations and concepts is of great utility. The theory provides different templates to help nurses provide care that respects patients and improve...Theory is considered essential for integral assessment, adopting its foundations and concepts is of great utility. The theory provides different templates to help nurses provide care that respects patients and improves outcomes. Through understanding the intersection of nursing, patients, health, and the environment, theories aim to simplify the complicated, ever-evolving relationship that nurses have with their profession. Nursing theory helps distinguish nursing as a separate discipline from medicine and related sciences, and assists nurses in understanding their patients and their needs. The behaviors of healthcare providers affect how patients participate in and experience care situations. In the nursing discipline, the theoretical structures of caring have been established as the core concept of guidance in all nurses’ work. The aim of this paper is to develop a critique of Kristen Swanson’s theory of caring—a theory structured around five caring principles (maintaining belief, knowing, being with, doing for, and enabling) by applying it to nursing practice. When applied to nursing practice, each of these five stages stimulates the caregiver’s attitude, which in turn improves the overall patient’s well-being. Implications to nursing practice are mentioned [1] [2].展开更多
As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfec...As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfect social security system? How can we institute such a system? These questions remain urgently in need of study.This then was the setting of a national seminar on "The Theory and Practice of展开更多
For centuries,educators and psychologists have advocated“play”as the ideal activity for the development of young children.Actually,play has been found currently to be the central pedagogy in the learning of young ch...For centuries,educators and psychologists have advocated“play”as the ideal activity for the development of young children.Actually,play has been found currently to be the central pedagogy in the learning of young children in 21 countries in the world.However,the quality of play-based pedagogy is becoming a key concern across countries.Scholars found that play is either too loosely framed to result in children’s optimal development;or it is too“teacherly”and looses the essence of play.The recent report released by OECD highlighted its concern about play in early childhood education and,urged international researchers and educators to make efforts to bridge the gap.Hong Kong is not an exception on the issue of play enactment.Though resources have been put in for the professional upgrading of early education teachers in the last two decades,the learning and teaching style is still didactic and there appears to be a misinterpretation of play-based pedagogy.The present paper attempts to explore the issue through early childhood teachers’conceptualization of“learning and teaching through play”with the aim of understanding the problem and shedding light for better ways to prepare teachers in this sector.展开更多
Product innovation practices are documented in the historic 1968and 1982Booze,Allen&Hamilton(BAH)studies followed by the Product Development and Management Association’s(PDMA)four longitudinal best practices/comp...Product innovation practices are documented in the historic 1968and 1982Booze,Allen&Hamilton(BAH)studies followed by the Product Development and Management Association’s(PDMA)four longitudinal best practices/comparative performance assessment studies(CPAS)conducted since the 1990s.These significant NPD best practices benchmarking studies are reviewed within the context of evolution of product innovation practices during 1968-2012.The widening gap in share of profits from new products between the best NPD firms and the rest in 2012informs us that the Schumpeter’s theory of innovation is still relevant in current markets.The PDMA 2012CPAS found that in Asia,small enterprises were not very proficient in NPD.Where as large Asian enterprises needed 7ideas for one commercial success in line with the proficiency of North American enterprises,small Asian enterprises needed 18ideas for one commercial success.A key insight for small Asian enterprises from 2012PDMA CPAS is that it is more important to strive to become the"best"than endeavoring to introduce a large number of new products each year.Insights to improve NPD performance in SMEs are offered along with a systematic framework to achieve successful product innovation.SMEs can begin their improvement effort with self-assessment utilizing the three organizing principles for NPD and eight action categories outlined in the Thota framework for innovation.展开更多
文摘Objective: Reflection is viewed as the most significant skill and should be advocated for lifelong learning. In order to grasp the process of reflection and embrace the reflective skill, one of the authors of this paper reflects on a practice-based issue in relation to the communication between doctors and nurses, to gain new understanding and thus improve the authors' clinical practice.Methods: Smyth's framework with four stages is utilized as an ideal framework to guide the author's reflection on the practice-based issue to free the author from her entrenched assumptions and the oppressive forces that limit her practice.Results: The espoused and enacted theory, together with the critical reflection theory, are used to explore the values and beliefs that essentially govern the author's practice and how these are distinct from the author's worldviews. Following this, critical emancipatory reflection is undertaken to explore the dominant power structures within the author's workplace. Furthermore, given the hegemonic and chaotic working context of this issue, hegemony and symbolic interaction theory are applied to unearth the various hidden constraining and oppressive forces. Additionally, socialization theory is utilized to help the author achieve professional identity.Conclusions: Reconstructing the practice-based issue empowers the author to realize that in the future, she should act as a reflective practitioner, creating a daily habit, staying alert to practice, seeing things freshly, finding support systems, improving communication skills, conducting reflective research, and reifying reflective practice. Ultimately, the author will be sufficiently equipped to be able to transform her practice and change its outcomes.
文摘Theory is considered essential for integral assessment, adopting its foundations and concepts is of great utility. The theory provides different templates to help nurses provide care that respects patients and improves outcomes. Through understanding the intersection of nursing, patients, health, and the environment, theories aim to simplify the complicated, ever-evolving relationship that nurses have with their profession. Nursing theory helps distinguish nursing as a separate discipline from medicine and related sciences, and assists nurses in understanding their patients and their needs. The behaviors of healthcare providers affect how patients participate in and experience care situations. In the nursing discipline, the theoretical structures of caring have been established as the core concept of guidance in all nurses’ work. The aim of this paper is to develop a critique of Kristen Swanson’s theory of caring—a theory structured around five caring principles (maintaining belief, knowing, being with, doing for, and enabling) by applying it to nursing practice. When applied to nursing practice, each of these five stages stimulates the caregiver’s attitude, which in turn improves the overall patient’s well-being. Implications to nursing practice are mentioned [1] [2].
文摘As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfect social security system? How can we institute such a system? These questions remain urgently in need of study.This then was the setting of a national seminar on "The Theory and Practice of
文摘For centuries,educators and psychologists have advocated“play”as the ideal activity for the development of young children.Actually,play has been found currently to be the central pedagogy in the learning of young children in 21 countries in the world.However,the quality of play-based pedagogy is becoming a key concern across countries.Scholars found that play is either too loosely framed to result in children’s optimal development;or it is too“teacherly”and looses the essence of play.The recent report released by OECD highlighted its concern about play in early childhood education and,urged international researchers and educators to make efforts to bridge the gap.Hong Kong is not an exception on the issue of play enactment.Though resources have been put in for the professional upgrading of early education teachers in the last two decades,the learning and teaching style is still didactic and there appears to be a misinterpretation of play-based pedagogy.The present paper attempts to explore the issue through early childhood teachers’conceptualization of“learning and teaching through play”with the aim of understanding the problem and shedding light for better ways to prepare teachers in this sector.
文摘Product innovation practices are documented in the historic 1968and 1982Booze,Allen&Hamilton(BAH)studies followed by the Product Development and Management Association’s(PDMA)four longitudinal best practices/comparative performance assessment studies(CPAS)conducted since the 1990s.These significant NPD best practices benchmarking studies are reviewed within the context of evolution of product innovation practices during 1968-2012.The widening gap in share of profits from new products between the best NPD firms and the rest in 2012informs us that the Schumpeter’s theory of innovation is still relevant in current markets.The PDMA 2012CPAS found that in Asia,small enterprises were not very proficient in NPD.Where as large Asian enterprises needed 7ideas for one commercial success in line with the proficiency of North American enterprises,small Asian enterprises needed 18ideas for one commercial success.A key insight for small Asian enterprises from 2012PDMA CPAS is that it is more important to strive to become the"best"than endeavoring to introduce a large number of new products each year.Insights to improve NPD performance in SMEs are offered along with a systematic framework to achieve successful product innovation.SMEs can begin their improvement effort with self-assessment utilizing the three organizing principles for NPD and eight action categories outlined in the Thota framework for innovation.
