Paenibacillus bovis BD3526产胞外多糖的培养条件优化

利用单因素试验和响应面法对Paenibacillus bovis BD3526产胞外多糖发酵条件工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:培养温度、时间、培养基装量与Paenibacillus bovis BD3526胞外多糖产量存在显著的相关性。当麸皮质量浓度为30 g/L时,BD3526产胞外多糖的优选条件为:培养温度29.91℃、培养时间23.96 h、培养基装量59.58m L/250 m L锥形瓶,采取上述优选条件进行培养,理论预测最大胞外多糖产量为11.11 g/L。验证试验实际测得多糖平均产量为10.92 g/L,比理论预测值低1.71%。

Effects of in vitro cultivated Calculus Bovis compound on pulmonary lesions in rabbits with schistosomiasis

AIM:To explore the interventional effects and mechanism of in vitro cultivated Calculus Bovis compound preparation(ICCBco) on pulmonary lesions in portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis. METHODS:The experimental group included 20 portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis treated by ICCBco.The control group included 20 portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis treated by praziquantel. The morphological changes of the pulmonary tissues were observed under light and electron microscopy.The expression of fibronectin(FN) and laminin(LN) in the lung tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:Under light microscope,the alveolar exudation in the lung tissue was more frequently observed in the control group,while the alveolar space was fairly dry in the lung tissue of ICCBco group.Under electron microscope,more alveolar exudation in the lung tissue,and moremacrophages,alveolar angiotelectasis and the blurred three-tier structure of alveolar-capillary barrier could be seen in the control group.In ICCBco group,fibers within the alveolar interspace slightly increased in some lung regions,and the structure of typeⅠepithelium,basement membrane and endodermis was complete,and no obvious exudation from the alveolar space,and novascular congestion could be observed.There was a positive or strong positive expression of FN and LN in the lung tissue of the control group,while there was a negative or weak positive expression of FN and LN in ICCBco group. CONCLUSION:ICCBco can effectively prevent pulmonary complications in portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis by means of improving lung microcirculation and lowering the content of extracellular matrix.

Association of Streptococcus bovis presence in colonic content with advanced colonic lesion

AIM:To prospectively examine the association between presence of Streptococcus bovis(S.bovis)in colonic suction fluid and the endoscopic findings on colonoscopy.METHODS:From May 2012 to March 2013,203 consecutivepatients who underwent colonoscopy for any reason were enrolled in the study.Exclusion criteria included:antibiotic use in the previous month,age younger than18 years,and inadequate preparation for colonoscopy.The colonoscopy was performed for the total length of the colon or to the occluding tumor.The endoscopic findings were registered.Samples were obtained proximal to the colonoscopic part of the suction tube from each patient and sent to the clinical microbiology laboratory for isolation and identification of S.bovis.Samples were incubated in enrichment media with addition of antibiotic disks for inhibition of growth of Gram-negative rods.The samples were seeded on differential growth media;suspected positive colonies were isolated and identified with Gram staining,catalase,and pyrrolidonyl arylamidase tests,and further identified using a VITEK2 system.Statistical analyses were performed using the Student’s t andχ2 tests.RESULTS:Of the 203 patients recruited,49(24%)patients were found to be S.bovis carriers;of them,the endoscopic findings included:17(34.7%)cases with malignant tumors,11(22.4%)with large polyps,5(10.2%)with medium-sized polyps,6(12.2%)with small polyps,4(8.1%)with colitis,and 6(12.2%)normal colonoscopies.Of 154 patients found negative for S.bovis,the endoscopic findings included:none with malignant tumors,9(5.8%)cases with large polyps,11(7.1%)with medium-sized polyps,26(16.9%)with small polyps,7(4.5%)with colitis,and101(65.6%)normal colonoscopies.S.bovis(Grampositive coccus)is considered part of the normal intestinal flora.There is an association between S.bovis bacteremia and colonic neoplasia.It is not well understood whether the bacterium has a pathogenetic role in the development of neoplasia or constitutes an epiphenomenon of colorectal neoplasms.There was a clear relationship between positivity for S.bovis in colonic suction fluid and findings of malignant tumors and large polyps in the colon.CONCLUSION:There is an association between S.bovis bacteremia and malignant colonic lesions;this should prompt for development of a reliable screening method for advanced colonic lesions.

The Protective Effects of In Vitro Cultivated Calculus Bovis on the Cerebral and Myocardial Cells in Hypoxic Mice

The protective effects of in vitro cultivated calculus bovis （ICCB） on the cerebral and myocardial cells in hypoxic mice and the mechanism were examined. In one group, mice were intragastrically （i.g.） given ICCB for 15 days and then they were subjected to acute cerebral ischemia by decapitation, and then the panting time was recorded. In the other group, 12 min after exposure to hypoxia, mice was administered the ICCB i.g. for 5 days, and then the blood serum and tissues of brain, heart, liver were harvested and examined for SOD, GSH-px and T-AOC activity and content of MDA. The tissues of brain and heart were observed electron-microscopically for ultrastructural changes. The corpus striatum and hippocampus of brain were collected and examined for content of dopamine （DA） and norepinephrine （NE）. The ultrastrural examination showed that the pathological change in brain and heart in the ICCB group was very slight, while abnormal changes in the control group were obviously more serious. ICCB significantly prolonged the panting time of the hypoxic mice （P〈0.001）, increased the activity of SOD, GSH-px, T-AOC in serum and tissues of brain, liver, heart and elevated the content of DA and NE. ICCB also pronouncedly reduced content of MDA in serum and tissues of brain, heart and liver. Significant differences in these parameters were noted between ICCB group and controls. It is concluded that ICCB can exert protective effect on the cells of brain and myocardium by enhancing the tolerance of the tissues to hypoxia and the body＇s ability to remove free radicals and regulating the neurotransmitters.

Detection of Babesia bovis in blood samples and its effect on the hematological and serum biochemical profile in large ruminants from Southern Punjab

Objective:To determine the presence of Babesia bovis(B.bovis)in large ruminants in southern Punjab and its effect on hematological and serum biochemical profile of host animals.Methods:Blood samples were collected from 144 large ruminants,including 105 cattle and 39 buffaloes,from six flistricts in southern Punjab including Multan,Layyali,Muzaffar Garh,Bhakar.Bahawalnagar and Vehari.Data on the characteristics of animals and herds were collected through questionnaires.Different blood(hemoglobin,glucose)and serum(ALT.AST,I.DH,cholesterol)parameters of calves and cattle were measured and compared between parasite positive and negative samples to demonstrate the effect of B.bovis on the blood and serological profile of infected animals.Results:27 out of 144 animals,from 5 out of 6 sampling districts,produced the541-bp fragment specific for B.bovis.Age of animals(P=0.02),presence of ticks on animals(P=0.04)and presence of ticks on dogs associated with herds(P=0.5)were among the major risk factors involved in the spread of bovine babesiosis in the study area.ALT concentrations were the only serum biochemical values that significantly varied between parasite positive and negative cattle.Conclusions:This study has reported for the first time the presence of B.bavis in large ruminant and the results can lead to the prevention of babesiosis in the region to increase the livestock output.

Specific inhibition of Streptococcus bovis by endolysin LyJH307 supplementation shifts the rumen microbiota and metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism

Background:Endolysins,the bacteriophage-originated peptidoglycan hydrolases,are a promising replacement for antibiotics due to immediate lytic activity and no antibiotic resistance.The objectives of this study were to investigate the lytic activity of endolysin LyJH307 against S.bovis and to explore changes in rumen fermentation and microbiota in an in vitro system.Two treatments were used:1)control,corn grain without LyJH307;and 2)LyJH307,corn grain with LyJH307(4 U/mL).An in vitro fermentation experiment was performed using mixture of rumen fluid collected from two cannulated Holstein steers(450±30 kg)and artificial saliva buffer mixed as 1:3 ratio for 12 h incubation time.In vitro dry matter digestibility,pH,volatile fatty acids,and lactate concentration were estimated at 12 h,and the gas production was measured at 6,9,and 12 h.The rumen bacterial community was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.Results:LyJH307 supplementation at 6 h incubation markedly decreased the absolute abundance of S.bovis(approximately 70% compared to control,P=0.0289)and increased ruminal pH(P=0.0335)at the 12 h incubation.The acetate proportion(P=0.0362)was significantly increased after LyJH307 addition,whereas propionate(P=0.0379)was decreased.LyJH307 supplementation increased D-lactate(P=0.0340)without any change in L-lactate concentration(P>0.10).There were no significant differences in Shannon’s index,Simpson’s index,Chao1 estimates,and evenness(P>0.10).Based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices,the LyJH307 affected the overall shift in microbiota(P=0.097).LyJH307 supplementation induced an increase of 11 genera containing Lachnoclostridium,WCHB1-41,unclassified genus Selenomonadaceae,Paraprevotella,vadinBE97,Ruminococcus gauvreauii group,Lactobacillus,Anaerorhabdus furcosa group,Victivallaceae,Desulfuromonadaceae,and Sediminispirochaeta.The predicted functional features represented by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were changed by LyJH307 toward a decrease of carbohydrate metabolism.Conclusions:LyJH307 caused a reduction of S.bovis and an increase of pH with shifts in minor microbiota and its metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism.This study provides the first insight into the availability of endolysin as a specific modulator for rumen and shows the possibility of endolysin degradation by rumen microbiota.

Disseminated infection due to Mycobacterium bovis after intravesical BCG instillation

Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) instillation has been adopted for the treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer. Severe adverse events due to local instillation of BCG are uncommon, with an overall rate of serious complications of less than 5%. We report the case of an immunocompetent adult patient with multi-system effects, namely pneumonitis, granulomatous hepatitis and meningitis, who responded well to standard treatment for Mycobacterium bovis. This case highlights the importance of a thorough assessment of this type of patient.

Observation on Culture Characteristics of Mycoplasma bovis with Four Different Antigen Quantification Methods

[Objective] The paper was to explore the antigen harvest time of Mycoplasrna bovis and the antigen quantification alternative method. [Method] M. bovis 08M strain was inoculated in the Thiaueourt＇s medium containing 10% horse serum. Four growth curves were plotted by simultaneously measuring color change units （CCU）, colony forming units （CFU）, protein concentration and nucleic acid levels within 110 h. [ Result] The growth of M. bovis was divided into four phases： the longarithmie phase appeared after being cultured for 10 h; the stationary phase appeared at 30 h with the highest number of viable cells up to 1. 0× 108 CCU/mL and 7.7 × 107 CCU/mL, respectively; and the decline phase started at 75 h. The protein concentration afM. bov/s increased rapidly from 15 to 35 h, reached 72.06 μg/mL at 35 h, then maintained at 53.38 - 70.65 μg/mL. The nucleic acid levels of M. bov/s increased rapidly from 15 h, and the cycle threshold （Ct） values were maintained between 15, 32 and 17.84 after 25 h. [ Conclusion] There was a good correlation between the protein concentration and variable count of M. bov/s at the early stationary phase, which was the best time period to harvest antigen. The protein concentration determination could be an alternative method to quantify antigen content of M. bovis when preparing inactivated M. boviz vaccine. Key words Mycoplasma boyis; Antigen quantification; Color change units; Colony forming units; Protein concentration; Nucleic acid content

Diagnosis and Treatment Report of the First Case of Mycoplasma bovis in Shandong Province

[Objective] The paper was to introduce the first case of Mycoplasma bovis in Shandong Province.[Method] Samples were collected from sick cattle,and identified through M.bovis isolation,biochemical identification,PCR,16S RNA sequence analysis and clinical treatment and other research work.[Result] A strain of M.bovis was successfully isolated,and typical colonies in fried egg shape were grown.It was further confirmed as M.bovis via molecular biological detection.The use of vaccine and sensitive drugs in clinical could quickly control the epidemic situation of cat-tle herds.[Conclusion] This is the first reported case of M.bovis in Shandong Province,and its diagnosis and treatment process is conducive to further prevention and control of the disease.

Seroprevalence of <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i>Infection in Dairy Cows in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of M. bovis. A total of 606 serum samples were randomly collected from dairy cows in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Commercial ELISA kit was used for detection of antibody to M. bovis. The results indicated that overall seroprevalence was 80.2% (486/606). There were no significant differences between regions or age categories (P > 0.05). Degree of infection to M. bovis commonly distributed at positive degree 1 (68.5%) and 2 (24.1%). Seroprevalence at highest positive degree 4 were found in District 9, District 12 and Thu Duc (6.7%, 6.3% and 1.6%, respectively). This study is the first report of seroprevalence of M. bovis in Vietnam. The results suggested that M. bovis was spreading among dairy cow populations although degree of positivity was low. It should be considered as a high risk pathogen to dairy cows in Vietnam.

Differential IL10 mRNA Profiles Associated to <i>Babesia bovis</i>and <i>B. bigemina</i>Infection Levels in Persistently Infected Animals

This work aimed to find quantitative phenotypic traits that can be used to discriminate the levels of resistance/susceptibility to B. bovis and B. bigemina in two groups of cattle presenting the highest (H) or lowest (L) infection levels and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks count. The animals were selected from a previous study of 50 Canchim (5/8 Charolais/zebu) heifers raised in an endemic area for these parasites. These animals were evaluated regarding their TNFα, IL10, IFN-γ, IL12 and iNOS mRNA levels. No differences were found between these groups regarding TNFα, IFN-γ, IL12β or iNOS transcripts. However, the IL10 transcripts were significantly higher in the H group compared to the L group. Moreover, significant correlation coefficients were observed between B. bovis loads and both IL10 and IFN-γ transcripts, while no correlations were found for B. bigemina loads and all tested immune-related transcripts, suggesting that differential IL10 mRNA profiles were closely associated to B. bovis loads. Our results have contributed to a better understanding of the immune responses against Babesia infection, as we demonstrated that the IL10 cytokine levels might also influence or be influenced by parasitemia levels in persistently infected animals.

Repeated inoculations of Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are needed to induce a strong humoral immune response against antigens expressed by the bacteria

The cellular immune response elicited by Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been carefully investigated, but the humoral immune response has been partially neglected. BALB/c mice were immunized with BCG strain used to immunize humans. Anti-BCG antibodies, as assayed by ELISA, began to appear in the sera after the third week of immunization and plateaued three weeks after the 8th immunization. The total immunoglobulins (Igs) were purified by caprylic acid method from pooled serum collected after the 8th immunization. Anti-BCG antigen antibodies were detected in the total Igs preparation as well as in IgG, IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b, but not in the IgG3. Distinct BCG proteins were recognized the IgGs in Western blot analysis. Opsonization of BCG bacilli by the purified Igs potentiated internalization of the bacteria by murine Raw 264.7 macrophages. The intracellular BCG elimination coincided with the induction of NO production, which was more pronounced in cells infected with opsonized BCG compared to those infected with the non-opsonized bacteria. Coincidently, the production of NO was also higher in macrophages infected with opsonized BCG (maximal NO production at 48 h of incubation). The obtained results demonstrate that repeated inoculations of BCG effectively activate the humoral immune response, justifying the use of BCG as a live recombinant vaccine vector to insert genes encoding virulence factors controlled by antibodies.

Calculus bovis in hepatocellular carcinoma:Tumor molecular basis,Wnt/β-catenin pathway role,and protective mechanism

In this editorial,we comment on the recent article by Huang et al.The editorial focuses specifically on the molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HCC,and protective mechanism of Calculus bovis(CB)in HCC.Liver cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally.The most prevalent kind of primary liver cancer,HCC,is typically brought on by long-term viral infections(hepatitis B and C),non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,excessive alcohol consumption,and other conditions that can cause the liver to become chronically inflamed and cirrhotic.CB is a wellknown traditional remedy in China and Japan and has been used extensively to treat a variety of diseases,such as high fever,convulsions,and stroke.Disturbances in lipid metabolism,cholesterol metabolism,bile acid metabolism,alcohol metabolism,and xenobiotic detoxification lead to fatty liver disease and liver cirrhosis.Succinate,which is a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate,is vital to energy production and mitochondrial metabolism.It is also thought to be a signaling molecule in metabolism and in the development and spread of liver malignancies.The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is made up of a group of proteins that are essential for both adult tissue homeostasis and embryonic development.Cancer is frequently caused by the dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.In HCC liver carcinogenesis,Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated by the expression of downstream target genes.Communication between the liver and the gut exists via the portal vein,biliary tract,and systemic circulation.This"gutliver axis"controls intestinal physiology.One of the main factors contributing to the development,progression,and treatment resistance of HCC is the abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.Therefore,understanding this pathway is essential to treating HCC.Eleven ingredients of CB,particularly oleanolic acid,ergosterol,and ursolic acid,have anti-primary liver cancer properties.Additionally,CB is important in the treatment of primary liver cancer through pathways linked to immune system function and apoptosis.CB also inhibits the proliferation of cancer stem cells and tumor cells and controls the tumor microenvironment.In the future,clinicians may be able to recommend one of many potential new drugs from CB ingredients to treat HCC expression,development,and progress.

From traditional Chinese medicine formulations to effective anticancer agents:Insights from Calculus bovis

This editorial examines the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for aggressive cancers,particularly liver cancer.It highlights the study by Huang et al,which shows how Calculus bovis,a component of the TCM Pien Tze Huang,suppresses liver cancer by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.This research emphasizes the importance of transitioning from effective TCM formulations to isolating active components and understanding their mechanisms.While the study provides valuable insights,it primarily focuses on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and does not delve deeply into the mechanisms of individual components.Future research should aim to comprehensively study these components,explore their interactions,and validate findings through clinical trials.This approach will integrate traditional wisdom with modern scientific validation,advancing the development of innovative cancer treatments based on TCM formulations.

Calculus bovis inhibits M2 tumor-associated macrophage polarization via Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation to suppress liver cancer

BACKGROUND Calculus bovis(CB),used in traditional Chinese medicine,exhibits anti-tumor effects in various cancer models.It also constitutes an integral component of a compound formulation known as Pien Tze Huang,which is indicated for the treatment of liver cancer.However,its impact on the liver cancer tumor microenvironment,particularly on tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),is not well understood.AIM To elucidate the anti-liver cancer effect of CB by inhibiting M2-TAM polarization via Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation.METHODS This study identified the active components of CB using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS,evaluated its anti-neoplastic effects in a nude mouse model,and elucidated the underlying mechanisms via network pharmacology,transcriptomics,and molecular docking.In vitro assays were used to investigate the effects of CB-containing serum on HepG2 cells and M2-TAMs,and Wnt pathway modulation was validated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.RESULTS This study identified 22 active components in CB,11 of which were detected in the bloodstream.Preclinical investigations have demonstrated the ability of CB to effectively inhibit liver tumor growth.An integrated approach employing network pharmacology,transcriptomics,and molecular docking implicated the Wnt signaling pathway as a target of the antineoplastic activity of CB by suppressing M2-TAM polarization.In vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed that CB significantly hinders M2-TAM polarization and suppresses Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation.The inhibitory effect of CB on M2-TAMs was reversed when treated with the Wnt agonist SKL2001,confirming its pathway specificity.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CB mediates inhibition of M2-TAM polarization through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,contributing to the suppression of liver cancer growth.

A Rapid and Effective HPLC Method for Identification of Bovis Calculus in Chinese Patent Medicines

Objective Due to the limited resource and the large demand,many kinds of Bovis Calculus(BC) including artificial Bovis Calculus(ABC),in vivo cultured Bovis Calculus(in vivo CBC),and in vitro cultured Bovis Calculus(in vitro CBC)were used in Chinese patent medicines(CPMs).Previous studies have shown that the chemical constituents of ABC and their properties were different from other BC.The two types of CBC with much higher price than ABC were approximately equivalent with natural Bovis Calculus in quality and clinical effect.The aim of the study is to establish a rapid and effective method for the identification of BC in CPMs.Methods An HPLC method with the higher specificity for analyzing bilirubin was established to distinguish ABC from other three kinds of BC by comparing the change of bilirubin content with the addition of EDTA-2Na as the extraction solvent and stabilizer.Results The bilirubin content in CPMs containing ABC was basically unchanged,while that in CPMs containing other kinds of BC showed significant difference.The proposed method was employed to analyze a variety of CPMs containing Bovis Calculus(CPMBCs) and proven to be universal.Conclusion An effective analytical method is established for the quality control of CPMBCs and further ensures the safety and efficacy of these drugs in clinical practice.

Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium Strains Responsible of Bovine Tuberculosis Cases in Bobo-Dioulasso Slaughterhouse, Burkina Faso

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an endemic zoonosis significantly affects animal health in Burkina Faso. The primary causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, mainly M. bovis. Cattle are considered as natural reservoir of M. bovis. However, in Burkina Faso, the circulation of these strains remains poorly understood and documented. This study aimed to identify and characterize Mycobacterium strains from suspected carcasses during routine meat inspection at Bobo-Dioulasso refrigerated slaughterhouse. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 on cases of seizures linked to suspected bovine tuberculosis. Microbiological and molecular analyzes were used for mycobacterial strain isolation and characterization. Out of 50 samples, 24% tested positive by microscopy and 12% by culture. Molecular analysis identified 6 strains of Mycobacteria, exclusively Mycobacterium bovis specifically the subspecies bovis (Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis). In conclusion, M. bovis subsp bovis is the primary agent responsible for bovine tuberculosis in Bobo-Dioulasso. Continuous monitoring of mycobacterial strains is therefore necessary for the effective control of this pathology in the local cattle population.

Calculus Bovis Sativus up-regulates hepatic protein 2(Mrp2) and Mrp4 in 17α-ethynylestradiol-induced cholestasis via a regulatory effect on ER signaling

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pathway through which Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) up-regulates hepatic multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) and Mrp4 in 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE)-induced cholestasis.METHODS:Five groups of rats were designed:control group,EE+ICI182780 group,EE group,EE+CBS 50 mg/kg group and EE + CBS 150 mg/kg group.CBS (50 and 150 mg.kg-1· d-1) was orally given to rats by gavage for five consecutive days in coadministration with EE.The levels of cholestasis biomarkers,alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were determined by biochemical methods.The bile flow was measured.The histopathology of the liver tissue was evaluated.The expression of Mrp2,Mrp3,Mrp4,estrogen receptor α(ERα) and ERβ was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS:CBS markedly improved EE-induced cholestasis.EE exposure significantly reduced hepatic Mrp2 and Mrp4 expression compared with the control group.EE also dramatically up-regulated the expression of Mrp3.Compared to the EE group,CBS notably up-regulated hepatic Mrp2 and Mrp4 but failed to influence the Mrp3 level significantly.ICI182780,an ER antagonist,showed similar beneficial effects as CBS.Decreased expression of Mrp2 and Mrp4 caused by EE was also restored by IC1182780.Additionally,EE significantly induced hepatic ERα expression,which was reversed by ICI182780 or CBS (150 mg/kg) treatment,suggesting that CB5 exerted a moderate regulatory effect on ER signaling.CONCLUSION:CBS up-regulated hepatic Mrp2 and Mrp4 expression in EE-induced cholestasis,which might be associated with its regulation of ER signaling.

Molecular Characterization and Drug Susceptibility of Mycobacterium Bovis Isolated from Cattle in Xinjiang,China

To the Editor:Bovine tuberculosis (TB)is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis.It not only seriously influences the raising of livestock but also threatens the health of human beings and other economically important animals.Therefore, the prevention and control of M.boris has great significance for public and animal health.Spoligotyping is the most widely used method for genotyping of M.boris and investigates transmission across different geographical regions.However,its discriminatory power varies widely among countries.Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)analysis has emerged as an alternative method for genotyping of bacterial species isolates.

牛支原体黏附素及黏附素结合蛋白研究进展

牛支原体(M.bovis)是感染牛的一种重要病原体,可导致感染牛出现肺炎、关节炎、乳房炎、角膜结膜炎和生殖道炎等多种临床症状,给养牛业造成了巨大经济损失。M.bovis黏附素在M.bovis致病过程中发挥重要作用,包括病原感染、细胞入侵、免疫逃逸和毒力产生。迄今为止,已鉴定出十多种M.bovis黏附素。这些黏附素主要结合宿主细胞的纤溶酶原(plasminogen,Plg)、纤连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)、硫酸肝素(heparin sulfate,HS)和淀粉样前体样蛋白-2(amyloid precursor-like protein-2,APLP2)。本文将对目前已知的M.bovis黏附素及其宿主细胞靶蛋白的研究现状进行综述,为M.bovis已知和未知黏附素的鉴定和应用提供参考。