A bow echo is a type of mesoscale convective phenomenon that often induces extreme weather and appears with strong reflectivity on radar images. A strong bow echo that developed from a supercell was observed over Fosh...A bow echo is a type of mesoscale convective phenomenon that often induces extreme weather and appears with strong reflectivity on radar images. A strong bow echo that developed from a supercell was observed over Foshan City in southern China on 17 April 2011. The intense gusty winds and showers caused huge losses of property and severely affected human lives. This paper presents an analysis of this strong meso- n-scale convective system based on Doppler radar observations. The isolated bow echo exhibited a horizontal scale of about 80 km in terms of reflectivity above 40 dBZ, and a life span of 8 hours. The system originated from the merging of a couple of weakly organized cells in a shear line, and developed into an arch shape as it moved through the shear zone. Sufficient surface moisture supply ensured the convective instability and development of the bow echo. The low-altitude winds retrieved from single Doppler radar observations showed an obvious rear-inflow jet along the notch area. Different from the conventional definition, no book- end anticyclone was observed throughout the life cycle. Very strong slantwise updrafts and downdrafts were recognizable from the retrieved winds, even though the spatial scale of the bow echo was small. Strong winds and induced damage on the surface are considered to have been caused by the mid-level rear-inflow jet and intense convective downdrafts.展开更多
利用海口多普勒雷达、海南省区域加密自动站和常规资料对2016年4月11日凌晨发生在海南岛北部近海和陆地的大范围雷暴大风过程进行天气学分析。结果表明:(1)这次雷暴大风过程发生在500 h Pa槽前、低空急流左前侧、低层切变线南侧、高空...利用海口多普勒雷达、海南省区域加密自动站和常规资料对2016年4月11日凌晨发生在海南岛北部近海和陆地的大范围雷暴大风过程进行天气学分析。结果表明:(1)这次雷暴大风过程发生在500 h Pa槽前、低空急流左前侧、低层切变线南侧、高空急流分流区下方和地面静止锋南侧的有利于对流发展的较大范围上升气流区域内;(2)对流风暴移动路径上的大气环境具有中等程度的条件不稳定、对流有效位能CAPE以及上干冷下暖湿的温-湿廓线垂直结构、强的深层垂直风切变,对流风暴形成后最终组织发展产生雷暴大风、大冰雹和短时强降水的多单体带状回波和弓形回波;(3)在多单体带状回波中镶嵌的风暴A和B各自发展成为具有中层径向辐合特征的超级单体,风暴B和C合并形成弓形回波,其中风暴C的中气旋加强成为弓形回波北部的气旋式中尺度涡旋;(4)阵风锋对对流风暴的正反馈作用、对流风暴前侧强劲的暖湿入流与风暴后侧径向风速相当的冷池出流,长时间倾斜依存的自组织结构及其与强的低层环境风垂直切变的相互作用,是多单体风暴和弓形回波长时间维持和加强的主要原因;(5)地面原来存在的β中尺度辐合切变线,对流风暴主体回波沿着海南岛北部近海东移等因素,有利于多单体带状回波和弓形回波的长时间维持。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB417204)National Natural Science Foundation of China projects(Grant Nos.41175095 and 40875065)partly by the National Key Technology R&D Program(Grant No.2012BAC22B01)
文摘A bow echo is a type of mesoscale convective phenomenon that often induces extreme weather and appears with strong reflectivity on radar images. A strong bow echo that developed from a supercell was observed over Foshan City in southern China on 17 April 2011. The intense gusty winds and showers caused huge losses of property and severely affected human lives. This paper presents an analysis of this strong meso- n-scale convective system based on Doppler radar observations. The isolated bow echo exhibited a horizontal scale of about 80 km in terms of reflectivity above 40 dBZ, and a life span of 8 hours. The system originated from the merging of a couple of weakly organized cells in a shear line, and developed into an arch shape as it moved through the shear zone. Sufficient surface moisture supply ensured the convective instability and development of the bow echo. The low-altitude winds retrieved from single Doppler radar observations showed an obvious rear-inflow jet along the notch area. Different from the conventional definition, no book- end anticyclone was observed throughout the life cycle. Very strong slantwise updrafts and downdrafts were recognizable from the retrieved winds, even though the spatial scale of the bow echo was small. Strong winds and induced damage on the surface are considered to have been caused by the mid-level rear-inflow jet and intense convective downdrafts.
文摘利用海口多普勒雷达、海南省区域加密自动站和常规资料对2016年4月11日凌晨发生在海南岛北部近海和陆地的大范围雷暴大风过程进行天气学分析。结果表明:(1)这次雷暴大风过程发生在500 h Pa槽前、低空急流左前侧、低层切变线南侧、高空急流分流区下方和地面静止锋南侧的有利于对流发展的较大范围上升气流区域内;(2)对流风暴移动路径上的大气环境具有中等程度的条件不稳定、对流有效位能CAPE以及上干冷下暖湿的温-湿廓线垂直结构、强的深层垂直风切变,对流风暴形成后最终组织发展产生雷暴大风、大冰雹和短时强降水的多单体带状回波和弓形回波;(3)在多单体带状回波中镶嵌的风暴A和B各自发展成为具有中层径向辐合特征的超级单体,风暴B和C合并形成弓形回波,其中风暴C的中气旋加强成为弓形回波北部的气旋式中尺度涡旋;(4)阵风锋对对流风暴的正反馈作用、对流风暴前侧强劲的暖湿入流与风暴后侧径向风速相当的冷池出流,长时间倾斜依存的自组织结构及其与强的低层环境风垂直切变的相互作用,是多单体风暴和弓形回波长时间维持和加强的主要原因;(5)地面原来存在的β中尺度辐合切变线,对流风暴主体回波沿着海南岛北部近海东移等因素,有利于多单体带状回波和弓形回波的长时间维持。
