关于“bow wave”和“heat sink”的正确译法

在概念上,bow wave应译为"头波"而不是"弓形波"。同样,heat sink应译为"热汇"而不是"热沉"。

Spectral and statistical analysis of bow wave breaking characteristics of KCS ship

Bow wave breaking is a common phenomenon during ship navigation,especially at a high speed,involving complex physical mechanism such as interface mixing,air entrainment,and jet splashing.This study uses the delayed detached eddy simulation(DDES)turbulence model on the OpenFOAM platform to simulate flow around a KRISO Container Ship(KCS)model for a Froude number of 0.35,examining trim angles of 0°,0.5°,1°.This paper analyzes the statistical and power spectral density(PSD)characteristics of bow wave heights.The analysis shows root mean square(rms)and mean difference between top and bottom views indicate wave breaking.As the trim angle increases,peaks of rms in the bottom view become much higher than that in the top view,reaching 38%at 1°.PSD analysis reveals that resistance and wave height periods differ by no more than 5%,with small-scale structures like jetting and splashing causing non-dominant periodic and high-frequency wave height variations.

Numerical study of air cavity characteristics of bow wave breaking of KCS ship under different speeds

Ship bow wave breaking contains complex flow mechanism,which is very important for ship performance.In this study,a practical numerical simulation scheme for bow wave breaking is proposed and the scheme is applied to the simulation of bow wave breaking of KCS ship model with Fr=0.26,0.30,0.35,0.40,analyzing the impact of speed on the bow wave breaking.The results indicate that an increase in speed leads to a significant rise in viscous pressure resistance and more pronounced bow wave breaking.Moreover,it is found that the traditional wave height function in OpenFOAM is not suitable for detailed studies of bow wave breaking.This study extracts different free surfaces through top and bottom views to further analyze the free surface overturning,droplet splashing,and cavity entrainment in bow wave breaking.Additionally,the spatial and temporal distribution of cavities at Fr=0.40 is analyzed,revealing that cavity distribution is closely related to vortex structures and exhibits a periodic pulsation characteristic of approximately 12 s.

Modeling and simulation of bow wave effect in probe and drogue aerial refueling

In a probe and drogue aerial refueling system, the bow wave of the receiver aircraft will produce a strong aerodynamic effect on the drogue once the receiver follows the drogue at a close distance. It is a major difficulty of docking control in the probe and drogue refueling. This paper analyses the bow wave effect and presents a simple method to model it. Firstly, the inviscid flow around the receiver is modeled based on the stream function defined by basic stream singularities. Secondly, a correction function is developed to eliminate the error caused by the absence of air vis- cosity. Then, the aerodynamic coefficients are used to calculate the induced aerodynamic force on the drogue. The obtained model is in an analytical form that can be easily applied to the controller design and the real-time simulations. In the verification part, computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulation tests are conducted to validate the obtained flow fields and aerodynamic forces. Finally, the modeling method is applied to an F-16 receiver aircraft in a previously developed autonomous aerial refueling simulation system. The simulations results are analyzed and compared with the NASA flight-test data, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Scale effects on bow wave breaking of KCS ship model:Insights from DDES investigations

Ship bow wave breaking is a common phenomenon during navigation,involving complex multi-scale flow interactions.However,the understanding of this intense free surface flow issue is not sufficiently deep,especially regarding the lack of research on the impact of scale effects on bow wave breaking.This paper focuses on the benchmark ship model KCS and conducts numerical simulations and comparative analyses of bow wave breaking for three model scales under the condition of Fr=0.35.The numerical calculations were performed using the in-house computational fluid dynamics(CFD)solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU,which is developed on the open source platform OpenFOAM.Delayed detached eddy simulation(DDES)method is utilized to calculate the viscous flow field around the ship hull.The present method was validated through measurement data of wave profiles and wake flows obtained from model tests.Flow field results for three different scales,including bow wave profiles,vorticity at various sections,and wake distribution,were presented and analyzed.The results indicate that there is small difference in the bow wave overturning and breaking for the first two occurrences across different scales.However,considerable effects of scale are observed on the temporal and spatial variations of the free surface breaking pattern after the second overturning.The findings of this study can serve as valuable data references for the analysis of scale effects in ship bow wave breaking phenomena.

Ship bow waves

The bow wave generated by a ship hull that advances at constant speed in calm water is considered. The bow wave only depends on the shape of the ship bow （not on the hull geometry aft of the bow wave）. This basic property makes it possible to de- termine the bow waves generated by a canonical family of ship bows defined in terms of relatively few parameters. Fast ships with fine bows generate overturning bow waves that consist of detached thin sheets of water, which are mostly steady until they hit the main free surface and undergo turbulent breaking up and diffusion. However, slow ships with blunt bows create highly unsteady and turbulent breaking bow waves. These two alternative flow regimes are due to a nonlinear constraint related to the Bernoulli relation at the free surface. Recent results about the ove^urning and breaking bow wave regimes, and the boundary that divides these two basic flow regimes, are reviewed. Questions and conjectures about the energy of breaking ship bow waves, and free-surface effects on flow circulation, are also noted.

Preliminary control of the air entrainment in bow wave based on the Liutex force method

Trails induced by air entrainment of bow wave breaking can be observed clearly around an advancing ship,making it prong to be detected and causing reduction in hydrodynamic performance.In breaking bow wave region,different scale of coherent vortex structures related closely to the air entrainment are generated.The formation and evolution of bubble clouds can be accounted partly by the swirling vortex flow of the jet plunging.In this work,high-fidelity simulation of the bow wave breaking around a rectangular thin plate is performed with the in-house code BAMR-SJTU.A Liutex force model is constructed to investigate the interaction between the free surface and vortices,and to explore the possibility of alleviating or controlling the air entrainment.This study is the first attempt to manipulate vortices corresponding to the air entrainment of the bow wave breaking.Some typical vortex structures based on the Liutex vortex identification method and the distribution of the vortex force are presented.Comparison of the vortex structures and the entrapped bubbles is conducted to illustrate the efficiency of Liutex force model in air entrainment control.

A case study of large-amplitude ULF waves in the Martian foreshock

Foreshock ultralow frequency (ULF) waves constitute a significant physical phenomenon in the plasma environment of terrestrial planets. The occurrence of these waves, associated with backstreaming particles reflected and accelerated at the bow shock, implies specific conditions and properties of the shock and its foreshock. Using magnetic field and ion measurements from MAVEN, we report a clear event of ULF waves in the Martian foreshock. The interplanetary magnetic field connected to the Martian bow shock, forming a shock angle of ~51°. Indicating that this was a fast mode wave is the fact that ion density varied in phase with perturbations of the wave field. The peak frequency of the waves was about 0.040 Hz in the spacecraft frame, much lower than the local proton gyrofrequency (~0.088 Hz). The ULF waves had a propagation angle approximately 34° from ambient magnetic field and were accompanied by the whistler mode. The ULF waves displayed left-hand elliptical polarization with respect to the interplanetary magnetic field in the spacecraft frame. All these properties fit very well with foreshock waves excited by interactions between solar wind and backstreaming ions through right-hand beam instability.

不同船首对大型集装箱船波浪增阻影响的数值计算

为探究迎浪和斜浪中船首形状对于波浪增阻的影响,本文在只改变船首的情况下,首先利用三维时域Rankine源方法对分别装有5种典型船首的某超大型集装箱船的波浪增阻和周围流场变化进行研究,其次开展直艏下沉深度(直艏底部距离基线的高度)对波浪增阻影响的研究。结果表明,斧型艏和直艏由于其半进流角较小等特征,其减阻性能最优。直艏和斧型艏相较于飞剪艏和前倾艏,其波浪增阻系数可以减小20%左右。直艏下沉深度在长波区和短波区呈现相反的减阻性能,在长波区,直艏下沉深度越大,波浪增阻系数越小,其下沉深度增大6 m可减小波浪增阻10%;在短波区则相反。

EFP冲击起爆带盖板装药的可行性分析

聚能装药形成的金属射流和 EFP是战争中对付坦克、装甲车辆等目标的技术手段 ,研究 EFP对炸药的引爆机理对于评估弹药受 EFP侵彻时的安全性具有非常重要的意义。通过计算 EFP侵彻带盖板装药时在盖板中产生的脱体冲击波压力 ,以及该压力在盖板与炸药界面处产生反射和透射作用后进入炸药内部的透射波压力强度 ,分析了 EFP破甲后冲击起爆炸药的可行性。

基于遭遇波的艏前波法的航母姿态预报

航母在海洋航行时,为了使舰载机起飞和降落更安全,需要对航母姿态运动进行预报。艏前波法仅反映海浪本身的波动,没有考虑航母与海浪相互作用的情况。基于遭遇波的艏前波法,用航母遭遇海浪的观测序列替代海浪观测值作为ARMA模型的系统干扰,使得预报精度更准确。通过仿真分析,基于遭遇波的艏前波法结果与艏前波法结果对比,四级海况下,横摇运动预报4 s的误差不超过0.03°,预报8 s的误差不超过0.15°,纵摇运动预报4 s的误差不超过0.05°,预报8 s的误差不超过0.06°,结果表明了该方法的有效性。

基于粒子系统的海洋环境仿真

随着计算机仿真技术的不断发展,海洋环境仿真在许多领域有着越来越广泛的应用,但是如何生成一个逼真的海洋环境一直是困扰着我们的关键问题.详细分析了海洋模型和艏浪特效的仿真,采用了Visual Studio2003.net和Vega Prime软件,在开发过程中加入了粒子系统,仿真出比较逼真的海洋环境,给人以身临其境的感觉.

激光等离子体点源减阻技术中入射能量对气动阻力的影响

数值模拟了来流马赫数为5时的圆球绕流冷流场,以及来流与头部驻点附近注入激光能量而产生的等离子体相互耦合形成的流场的演化过程。计算结果表明:施加局部能量点源能够改变原有的弓形激波结构,使其变为斜激波,从而减小气动阻力;气动阻力随入射激光能量的增大而逐渐减小,当入射激光能量为1.1 J时,气动阻力减小的百分比高达40%。

船首对单体穿浪船水动力性能的影响

通过对4个具有不同穿浪船首的单体穿浪船进行建模并对比分析模型在静水及波浪中的直航运动,研究了水线以上船首形式变化对单体穿浪船水动力性能的影响.研究主要基于数值模拟,通过求解URANS(Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes)方程和使用多种动网格技术来预报船体阻力和运动.研究表明:具有瘦削船首的单体穿浪船在短波中的受力和运动对水线以上穿浪船首形式变化不敏感,在波浪中的阻力、运动姿态和加速度比滑行艇的要小;水线以上穿浪船首形式对单体穿浪船在静水中的阻力、姿态和兴波的影响要基于船体尺度进行讨论,大型单体穿浪船静水中的阻力、姿态和兴波对水线以上穿浪船首形式变化不敏感,而水线以上穿浪船首形式对小型高速穿浪艇静水中的阻力、姿态和兴波的影响显著.

运动型多功能车外流场的数值模拟

选取LUD离散格式、RNGκ-ε湍流模型,利用计算流体力学进行了运动型多功能车外流场的模拟研究。结果表明,模拟所得车身表面压力分布、尾流典型截面各向流速分布、尾流结构等与风洞试验值吻合性好;SUV尾流中存在上、下不对称的反向涡对,抑制该涡对的大小和强度可减小气动阻力。

带减阻杆高超声速飞行器外形气动特性研究

采用高超声速风洞测力试验方法测量钝头飞行器头部减阻杆的高超声速气动特性,研究减阻杆的气动减阻原理,分析了多组不同构型减阻杆的减阻效果。结果表明,减阻杆显著减少了钝头飞行器高超声速的阻力,最大的减阻率达到60%之多;减阻效果与减阻杆构型和迎角状态密切相关;减阻杆会诱发稳定性、'热斑'以及非定常脉动等不利问题。

基于物理模型的舰艏浪三维可视化

针对以往舰艏浪三维可视化中仅从实际观察出发建立动态模型,不能反映舰艏浪物理运动规律的问题,提出一种基于物理模型的舰艏浪三维可视化方法。该方法将舰艏浪物理模型应用到三维可视化中,采用边界元方法计算得到舰艏浪外形数据,利用粒子系统技术建立了三维动态模型,基于OpenSceneGraph粒子系统,在VS2010平台上实现了舰艏浪的三维可视化。实验结果表明该方法更符合物理运动规律,能较好地模拟舰船航行时的艏浪。

水面舰船加装减阻节能球鼻艏研究

该文基于波形叠加的消波原理,对一艘仿阿雷.伯克级大型驱逐舰加装减阻节能球鼻艏进行研究,研究表明大型驱逐舰加装减阻节能球鼻艏可获得较好的减阻效果。文中首先给出了基于细分曲面表达船型,采用船体曲面法向量分量表示源强的船舶兴波阻力及波形计算的数值方法,通过与实验结果的比较,分析了该方法的合理性和有效性;在此基础上通过逆向设计法优化计算和分析得到了一仿阿雷.伯克级大型驱逐舰船型加装减阻节能球鼻艏消波减阻定性规律和定量效果,在特定的中高航速下通过减阻节能球鼻艏优化设计可以使兴波阻力最多减少33.7%。

船舶外飘砰击有效砰击角概率分布

基于海浪波面斜率的随机性,研究了船舶外飘砰击有效砰击角的概率分布问题.将垂直法平面内船体表面斜升角在初始纵剖线角处泰勒展开,根据船舶运动的随机特性推导了船体表面斜升角的概率密度函数;在随机海浪波面斜率、波面倾角的统计规律和波浪破碎判据条件的基础上,推导了有效砰击角随机变量的概率密度函数,为进一步研究船舶外飘砰击载荷的概率预报方法奠定了基础.

脉冲波反射折射特性的分析计算

利用 FDTD法和 PML技术计算分析了平面分界面对脉冲波的反射和折射 ,充分而形象地描绘平面界面对脉冲波反射的时域过程。通过对折射波的分析获得下述结论 :当入射角小于临界角时 ,折射波波前与几何光学原理一致 ,当入射角大于临界角时 ,沿界面传播的折射波不是慢波 ,而是以媒质 的速度传播。所得结果有助于加深对脉冲波反射和折射性质的理解。