Shear deformable finite beam elements for composite box beams

The shear deformable thin-walled composite beams with closed cross-sections have been developed for coupled flexural, torsional, and buckling analyses. A theoretical model applicable to the thin-walled laminated composite box beams is presented by taking into account all the structural couplings coming from the material anisotropy and the shear deformation effects. The current composite beam includes the transverse shear and the restrained warping induced shear deformation by using the first-order shear deformation beam theory. Seven governing equations are derived for the coupled axial-flexural-torsional-shearing buckling based on the principle of minimum total potential energy. Based on the present analytical model, three different types of finite composite beam elements, namely, linear, quadratic and cubic elements are developed to analyze the flexural, torsional, and buckling problems. In order to demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of the beam theory and the finite beam elements developed by this study,numerical solutions are presented and compared with the results obtained by other researchers and the detailed threedimensional analysis results using the shell elements of ABAQUS. Especially, the influences of the modulus ratio and the simplified assumptions in stress-strain relations on the deflection, twisting angle, and critical buckling loads of composite box beams are investigated.

Optimal Design for Thin-Walled Box Beam Based on Material Strength Reliability

According to the reliability of material strength,the optimal design for the cross sectional size of thin walled box beam was studied.Firstly the cross sectional size as design random variable was determined,then its stochastic nature was researched,with which the objective function is to seek the maximum reliability of the beam under given constraint conditions.This way is not the same as the conventional optimal design for the minimum weight of the material.With establishing the optimal objective,the reliability of the material under conditions of static and fatigue was considered.The corresponding calculated expressions are given.Normally the cross section sizes are fitted to the normal distribution,for the simplification of the design variable,the variation of the section size is assumed as a dependent variable proportional to the mean of the size.The way is different not only with the conventional optimal design but also with the common reliability design.The maximum reliability of material is obtained,meanwhile the area of the cross section is reduced,i.e.,the weight of the material is decreased.

Closed-form solution for shear lag effects of steel-concrete composite box beams considering shear deformation and slip

Based on the consideration of longitudinal warp caused by shear lag effects on concrete slabs and bottom plates of steel beams,shear deformation of steel beams and interface slip between steel beams and concrete slabs,the governing differential equations and boundary conditions of the steel-concrete composite box beams under lateral loading were derived using energy-variational method.The closed-form solutions for stress,deflection and slip of box beams under lateral loading were obtained,and the comparison of the analytical results and the experimental results for steel-concrete composite box beams under concentrated loading or uniform loading verifies the closed-form solution.The investigation of the parameters of load effects on composite box beams shows that:1) Slip stiffness has considerable impact on mid-span deflection and end slip when it is comparatively small;the mid-span deflection and end slip decrease significantly with the increase of slip stiffness,but when the slip stiffness reaches a certain value,its impact on mid-span deflection and end slip decreases to be negligible.2) The shear deformation has certain influence on mid-span deflection,and the larger the load is,the greater the influence is.3) The impact of shear deformation on end slip can be neglected.4) The strain of bottom plate of steel beam decreases with the increase of slip stiffness,while the shear lag effect becomes more significant.

A new 3-D element formulation on displacement of steel-concrete composite box beam

Slip of a composite box beam may reduce its stiffness, enlarge its deformation and affect its performance. In this work, the governing differential equations and boundary conditions of composite box beams were established. Analytic solutions of combined differential equations were also established. Partial degree of freedom was adopted to establish a new FEA element of three-dimensional beam, taking into account the slip effect. Slip and its first-order derivative were introduced into the nodes of composite box beams as generalized degree of freedom. Stiffness matrix and load array of beam elements were established. A three-dimensional nonlinear calculation program was worked out. The results show that the element is reliable and easy to divide and is suitable for special nonlinear analysis of large-span composite box beams.

Optimization and analysis of composite sandwich box beam for solar drones

Solar drones have garnered considerably research attention in recent years due to their continuous cruising capability,and the feasibility of design schemes is sensitive to the weight of structure.Sandwich box beam composed of carbon fiber and polymethacrylimide(PMI)foam is conducive to realize the lightweight of structure.In this study,a two-stage optimization design methodology for sandwich box beam is proposed.This methodology is primarily based on a low-order analytical method for evaluating stress/deflection and the linear buckling analysis method combined with experimental correction factor for predicting the buckling eigenvalues.Subsequently,a case study was conducted using an 18-m wingspan solar drone,where the results of mechanical test verified the optimization results.For validating the use of sandwich box beam in solar drones of other scales,additional analysis was conducted based on three aspects:(A)effects of stiffness and stability constraints on the design of sandwich box beam;(B)crucial role of the weight of foam inter layer and application scope of sandwich box beam;(C)best method to improve the buckling eigenvalue of sandwich box beam.Overall,the methodology and general rules presented in this paper can support the design of light wing beam for solar drones.

收缩徐变对高速铁路斜拉桥单箱单室混合梁位移的影响及调控

以某主跨300 m的高速铁路无砟轨道混合梁斜拉桥为背景,运用Midas/Civil有限元软件建立其数值模型,进行桥塔、桥面板、箱梁等混凝土构件收缩徐变对主梁位移影响研究,并提出主梁位移调控措施。结果表明:成桥10年后,混凝土收缩徐变引起的跨中主梁向下位移共计79 mm,桥塔、桥面板、箱梁收缩徐变的影响占比在施工阶段分别为58%,32%和10%,在运营阶段分别为48%,38%和14%;跨中主梁向下位移的主要原因是桥塔和桥面板变形,混凝土收缩徐变缩小了桥塔竖向及桥面板纵桥向尺寸,改变了斜拉索锚点位置及索力,导致主梁在施工阶段和运营阶段分别产生56和18 mm的向下位移;预抬高斜拉索的桥塔锚点位置10 mm,可消除混凝土收缩徐变引起的钢梁架设初始误差;混凝土桥面板预制后存放6个月、桥塔采用低徐变混凝土、成桥后延迟90 d铺轨等措施,能改善混凝土收缩徐变对单箱单室混合梁位移的不利影响,可减小跨中主梁向下位移3%~38%。

部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁抗剪试验研究

目的为研究部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁的抗剪性能,方法对4根倒置组合梁试件通过三点加载方式进行了静载试验,通过研究其负弯矩作用下的破坏形态及变形特征,得到了组合梁的荷载-挠度曲线、应变分布、荷载-滑移曲线、最终破坏形态等。结果试验研究结果表明:UHPC翼板显著提升了组合梁的变形能力和极限承载力;相较于试件SUCB-3(NC翼板),试件SUCB-1(1/2UHPC翼板和SUCB-4(全UHPC翼板))的承载力分别提高了18.2%和27.3%,变形能力则分别增强了38.02%和41.2%;钢纤维的添加能有效地抑制翼板裂缝的开展,钢纤维掺量从0提高到2%,试件的最大裂缝宽度从1.06 mm降低到0.92 mm,变形能力增强了23.61%,承载力则提高了4%。结论提出了考虑钢箱、UHPC翼板和充填混凝土贡献的组合梁抗剪承载力计算公式。

曲线钢箱梁桥面板力学行为及构造优化研究

研究目的:小半径曲线钢箱梁桥正交异性钢桥面板构造繁复,弯扭耦合作用下受力特性极为复杂。为了探究该类型桥面板力学特性,并提出合理构造优化建议,本文依托西安市某立交小半径曲线钢箱梁匝道桥,采用数值分析方法研究局部荷载作用下曲线钢箱梁桥面板力学行为,并基于正交试验方法,利用IntelliJ IDEA软件开发曲线钢箱梁桥面板构造优化程序,实现桥面板多目标构造参数优化。研究结论:(1)边跨最大正弯矩截面为大多数控制细节的最不利荷载控制截面,其中车轮荷载作用于边跨最大正弯矩位置时控制细节3(横隔板过焊孔圆弧位置)的主应力明显大于最大负弯矩和零弯矩位置,且车轮荷载作用于曲线钢箱梁外侧会增大桥面系应力;(2)车轮荷载作用于纵肋正上方和中间时产生的各控制细节主应力较相近,但作用于横隔板中间与正上方造成的局部应力具有显著差异,进而确定曲线钢箱梁正交异性桥面板各控制细节的最不利荷载作用位置;(3)通过多目标优化构造运算确定的曲线钢箱梁正交异性组合桥面板的合理构造,可显著改善桥面板力学特性;(4)本研究成果可为曲线钢箱梁正交异性桥面系构造设计和养护方法提供优化建议。

窄幅钢箱连续组合梁受力性能有限元分析

为了解决钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区开裂以及钢箱受压屈曲问题,提出采用窄幅钢箱连续组合梁对钢-混凝土组合梁进行优化,并在窄幅钢箱连续组合梁桥面翼板的负弯矩区采用超高性能混凝土材料部分替代强度等级为C40的混凝土,形成超高性能混凝土-窄幅钢箱连续组合梁,进一步优化窄幅钢箱连续组合梁受力性能;采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立超高性能混凝土-窄幅钢箱连续组合梁有限元模型,在验证模型适用性的基础上,分析窄幅钢箱连续组合梁的受弯过程,并对窄幅钢箱连续组合梁翼板、钢筋、钢箱云图进行对比。结果表明:窄幅钢箱连续组合梁中混凝土的充填跨度对窄幅钢箱连续组合梁刚度存在一定的影响,超高性能混凝土材料显著改善了翼板的抗裂性能,翼板受拉区损伤面积减小95%以上;当采用超高性能混凝土材料完全替代普通混凝土材料时,窄幅钢箱连续组合梁的刚度、开裂荷载、极限荷载等性能得到较大改善。

滨海互通立交钢箱梁架设施工关键技术

结合某滨海大型互通工程的海域海洋环境条件,充分考虑施工环境的变化,有针对性地对海上互通立交架设钢箱梁施工进行研究分析,结合钢箱梁在互通区域下穿、曲率半径、施工条件等限制因素,提出以“架桥机架设为主,履带吊+重载栈桥吊装为辅”的海洋环境中架设钢箱梁的施工技术,并对钢箱梁架设风险进行分析并提出有针对的措施。

箱形截面钢-混凝土组合连梁的抗震性能

对一种箱形截面钢-混凝土组合连梁展开研究,通过有限元模拟和理论分析对其屈服模式、抗震性能进行了深入探索。对不同参数取值下组合连梁的屈服模式进行对比分析,基于组合连梁长度与屈服承载力的关系,给出屈服模式的判定准则,研究了不同参数对组合连梁屈服模式的影响规律。结果表明:减小截面高度、钢腹板高厚比、钢材屈服强度、混凝土强度,增大剪跨比、钢翼缘宽厚比、截面高宽比等措施均使耗能梁段更容易弯曲屈服。轴向受压时,弯曲屈服型构件的延性普遍优于剪切屈服型构件;轴向受拉时,剪切屈服型构件的延性优于弯曲屈服型构件。剪切屈服型构件的弹性段刚度、屈服荷载、极限荷载以及能量耗散系数普遍大于弯曲屈服型构件。

城市桥梁结构选型分析和研究

近年来,许多城市的道路交通相继出现了饱和现象,交通拥堵逐年加剧。为缓解交通现状,修建城市快速路成为当今社会的主流。在城市快速路的修建过程中,如何选择经济适用、耐久合理的结构形式至关重要。依托上海某工程,以某跨路口桥梁的结构选型为例,从受力性能、适用性、经济性、美观性等方面进行结构选型分析,总结对比了连续钢板组合梁、连续钢箱组合梁和连续钢箱梁等结构形式的特点和适用情况,为相近工程的结构选型提供参考。

立交拼宽桥挠度控制方法研究

随着城市规模扩大,既有城市立交桥往往通行能力不足,为缓解不断增加的交通压力,越来越多的立交拼宽桥工程得以实施,而其设计建造的限制条件却非常多。以郑州某立交改造工程为例,总结了桥梁设计原则与思路,详细阐述了工程的限制条件和设计方案,提出了多种拼宽桥挠度控制的方法,并采用有限元软件Midas Civil模拟桥梁方案,进一步比较分析了各种提高钢箱梁刚度方法的合理性与可行性。最后得出最合理的结构方案,对类似城市拼宽桥工程设计具有一定的借鉴意义。

轨道运梁车在宽幅平面双钢箱组合梁运输中的应用

以甘肃省兰州市某公路工程建设项目桥梁工程上部钢-混组合箱梁结构的安装施工为例,通过对宽幅平面双钢箱组合梁安装运输工况进行理论分析,从桥头待架区向已架设桥跨上引出两组钢轨,由三维空间位置可调式运梁装置运输平曲线钢箱组合梁,总结了平曲线宽幅双钢箱组合梁的运输安装施工技术。论文主要从工艺技术原理、施工准备、测量放样、桥头路基段轨道基础施工、轨道铺设及加固、轨道连接、运梁平车运输钢箱梁、箱梁架设等内容对双钢箱组合梁运输技术进行了阐述。

公铁混合布置大跨度斜拉桥主梁断面形式研究--以赣江公铁大桥西支主桥设计为例

以赣江公铁两用大桥西支主桥设计为例,研究一种适应上层8车道公路、下层对称双线铁路+4车道公路混合布置的主梁断面形式。提出带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面、带挑臂单索面箱桁组合断面、矩形箱桁组合断面、矩形钢桁梁断面4种主梁断面方案,采用有限元软件分析各方案静动力性能及受力特点,综合考虑方案构造特点、技术指标、工程数量、公铁运营安全、景观效果等,确定该桥选用带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面。该桥斜拉索最大索力16000 kN,锚固在下层钢箱梁两侧,通过有限元实体分析对锚拉板和钢锚箱式两种索梁锚固形式进行比选研究,钢锚箱形式受力合理、应力水平低、经济性好,设计采用钢锚箱形式。带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面桥面空间布置合理、下层公铁行车干扰小、梁端竖向变形最小、经济性好,是一种适应公铁混合布置大跨度斜拉桥主梁断面形式。

考虑剪力滞和剪切变形效应的UHPC箱梁长期挠度分析

为准确计算UHPC箱梁在长期荷载作用下的挠度,基于剪切变形规律的截面翘曲位移函数,运用能量变分法建立考虑剪力滞、剪切变形效应以及UHPC收缩徐变效应的UHPC箱梁挠度计算控制微分方程,推导均布荷载和集中荷载作用下UHPC简支箱梁挠度计算公式,并利用有限元模型计算结果对其正确性进行验证。通过数值算例分析不同效应、截面配筋以及材料特性对UHPC箱梁挠度计算的影响。结果表明:考虑剪切变形效应产生的挠度明显大于剪力滞效应;均布荷载和集中荷载作用下,仅考虑剪力滞和剪切效应后产生的简支梁跨中挠度相对于按初等梁理论计算的瞬时挠度分别增大了9.4%和10.9%,而同时考虑UHPC收缩徐变效应后分别增大了约1.5倍左右;截面配筋对箱梁挠度计算有一定的影响,两种荷载作用下,考虑配筋后计算得到的简支梁跨中瞬时和长期挠度分别是不考虑配筋时挠度的0.96倍和0.89倍;用UHPC材料代替普通混凝土材料可显著降低结构的短、长期挠度以及收缩徐变引起的挠度变化。提出的公式可为长期荷载作用下UHPC箱梁的挠度计算提供理论依据。

蒸汽养护小箱梁锚下预应力损失研究

与常规梁场对比,智慧化梁厂采用"移动台座+液压模板+蒸汽养护"的施工工艺,以某高速公路(二期)TJ05标智慧化梁厂小箱梁蒸汽养护为依托,研究小箱梁锚下有效应力在2+0、2+1、2+3和自然养护4种养护工艺下,测定小箱梁预应力在60天内的损失,采集、分析数据,结论如下:①预应力钢束张拉完成后,早期的预应力损失速率较快,随后越来越慢,在60天左右基本趋于平稳,有效预应力变化在设计值的2.8%~8.4%。②试验梁在张拉完成后锚下预应力随每日温度变化而上下波动,总体变化情况较平缓,蒸汽养护工艺与自然养护工艺波动趋势类似。

新型液压模板在预制箱梁施工技术中的应用

为研究新型液压模板技术,文章基于目前模板材料优缺点的调研分析,在现有技术上开发设计了新型液压模板。依托徐丰公路快速化改造工程,总结施工工艺流程,并对产生的效益进行分析。最后得出结论:相较于传统模板,以200片梁为例,新型液压模板可节约成本约16万元,提高人工拆装工效30%以上,具有显著的社会经济效益。

高效皮带运输机自移式机尾研制及应用

为解决皮带运输机配套自移式机尾在复杂生产条件下适用性、连续性差的问题,对自移式机尾运行原理和作业流程进行分析,建立数字模型并开展有限元分析,选择合适的技术参数,并对自移式机尾的整体结构进行优化。实践证明,优化后的自移式机尾结构简单、可靠性强,在前移、高度调节、调偏等方面具有更强的适用性、稳定性和耐久性,机尾大修时间延长至4~5 Mt,大大提高原煤运输效率。

含大跨隐横梁曲线钢箱梁桥设计及受力性能分析

城市立交受用地限制布线一般比较复杂,桥梁常位于曲线段,且立墩空间受限。含隐横梁的曲线钢箱梁因具有跨越能力强、建筑高度小、布墩灵活等特点而广泛应用于城市立交,但该类桥梁构造复杂,结构受力空间效应明显。为深入研究该类桥梁结构受力性能,以实际四跨曲线连续钢箱梁桥工程为例,基于正交异性板理论,利用midas有限元分析软件,建立了主梁第一体系、第二体系及横梁计算分析模型。通过对主梁的结构计算,验证了桥梁总体设计的合理性,同时指出了桥梁关键节点的设计要点。