Experimental and numerical study of buckling-restrained braces configured with out-of-plane eccentricity under cyclic loading

This study focuses on variations in the hysteretic behavior of buckling-restrained braces(BRBs)configured with or without out-of-plane eccentricity under cyclic loading.Quasi-static experiments and numerical simulations were carried out on concentrically and eccentrically loaded BRB specimens to investigate the mechanical properties,energy dissipation performance,stress distribution,and high-order deformation pattern.The experimental and numerical results showed that compared to the concentrically loaded BRBs,the stiffness,yield force,cumulated plastic ductility(CPD)coefficient,equivalent viscous damping coefficient and energy dissipation decreased,and the yield displacement and compression strength adjustment factor increased for the eccentrically loaded BRBs.With the existence of the out-of-plane eccentricity,the initial yield position changes from the yield segment to the junction between the yield segment and transition segment under a tensile load,while the initial high-order buckling pattern changes from a first-order C-shape to a secondorder S-shape under a compressive load.

Deterministic and probabilistic analysis of great-depth braced excavations:A 32 m excavation case study in Paris

The Fort d’Issy-Vanves-Clamart(FIVC)braced excavation in France is analyzed to provide insights into the geotechnical serviceability assessment of excavations at great depth within deterministic and probabilistic frameworks.The FIVC excavation is excavated at 32 m below the ground surface in Parisian sedimentary basin and a plane-strain finite element analysis is implemented to examine the wall deflections and ground surface settlements.A stochastic finite element method based on the polynomial chaos Kriging metamodel(MSFEM)is then proposed for the probabilistic analyses.Comparisons with field measurements and former studies are carried out.Several academic cases are then conducted to investigate the great-depth excavation stability regarding the maximum horizontal wall deflection and maximum ground surface settlement.The results indicate that the proposed MSFEM is effective for probabilistic analyses and can provide useful insights for the excavation design and construction.A sensitivity analysis for seven considered random parameters is then implemented.The soil friction angle at the excavation bottom layer is the most significant one for design.The soil-wall interaction effects on the excavation stability are also given.

Clinical effect of operative vs nonoperative treatment on humeral shaft fractures:Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

BACKGROUND Whether operation is superior to non-operation for humeral shaft fracture remains debatable.We hypothesized that operation could decrease the nonunion and reintervention rates and increase the functional outcomes.AIM To compare the clinical efficacy between operative and nonoperative approaches for humeral shaft fractures.METHODS We searched the PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Cochrane databases from 1990 to December 2023 for clinical trials and cohort studies comparing the effects of operative and conservative methods on humeral shaft fractures.Two investigators independently extracted data from the eligible studies,and the other two assessed the methodological quality of each study.The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk bias or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.The nonunion,reintervention and the overall complications and functional scores were pooled and analyzed using Review Manager software(version 5.3).RESULTS A total of four randomized control trials and 13 cohort studies were included,with 1285 and 1346 patients in the operative and nonoperative groups,respectively.Patients in the operative group were treated with a plate or nail,whereas those in the conservative group were managed with splint or functional bracing.Four studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias,and the other 13 were of a low risk of bias according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or Cochrane risk bias tool.The operative group had a significantly decreased rate of nonunion[odds ratio(OR)0.30;95%CI:0.23 to 0.40,reintervention(OR:0.33;95%CI:0.24 to 0.47),and overall complications(OR:0.62;95%CI:0.49 to 0.78)].The pooled effect of the Disabilities of Arm,Shoulder,and Hand score showed a significant difference at 3[mean difference(MD)-8.26;95%CI:-13.60 to-2.92],6(MD:-6.72;95%CI:-11.34 to-2.10),and 12 months(MD:-2.55;95%CI:-4.36 to-0.74).The pooled effect of Visual Analog Scale scores and the Constant-Murley score did not significantly differ between the two groups.CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a trend of rapid functional recovery and decreased rates of nonunion and reintervention after operation for humeral shaft fracture compared to conservative treatment.

Damping characteristics of friction damped braced frame and its effectiveness in the mega-sub controlled structure system

Based on energy dissipation and structural control principle, a new structural configuration, called the megasub controlled structure （MSCS） with friction damped braces （FDBs）, is first presented. Meanwhile, to calculate the damping coefficient in the slipping state a new analytical method is proposed. The damping characteristics of one-storey friction damped braced frame （FDBF） are investigated, and the influence of the structural parameters on the energy dissipation and the practical engineering design are discussed. The nonlinear dynamic equations and the analytical model of the MSCS with FDBs are established. Three building structures with different structural configurations, which were designed with reference to the conventional mega-sub structures such as used in Tokyo City Hall, are comparatively investigated. The results illustrate that the structure presented in the paper has excellent dynamic properties and satisfactory control effectiveness.

Internal brace与带线锚钉通过改良Broström术治疗慢性踝关节不稳的疗效对比

目的比较internal brace(IB)与带线锚钉通过改良Broström术治疗慢性踝关节不稳的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2019年5月至2022年2月在桂林市人民医院本院关节骨科行手术治疗的42例慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者资料,根据距腓前韧带修补所用材料的不同将患者分为IB组(19例)和带线锚钉组(23例)。比较两组患者一般资料、手术时间、并发症发生率、术后完全负重行走时间、术后恢复跑步的时间、美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝-后足功能评分、视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)评分。结果所有患者术后均获得随访,随访时间12~18个月,平均(13.8±5.3)个月。两组患者基线资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组各有1例术口拆线后再出现渗液,换药后愈合;两组各有2例术口区域感觉障碍,除IB组有1例术后半年仍未完全恢复外,其余3例术后2~3个月恢复;IB组患者术后6周随访时AOFAS评分优于带线锚钉组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.239,P=0.025),但术后6周时VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.308,P=0.760);末次随访时AOFAS评分和VAS评分比较,两组之间差异无统计学意义(t=0.045,P=0.965;t=0.203,P=0.840);IB组术后完全负重行走时间、术后恢复跑步的时间显著早于带线锚钉组,差异有统计学意义(t=26.566,P<0.01;t=4.838,P<0.01)。结论IB与带线锚钉通过改良Broström术开放治疗慢性踝关节不稳的临床疗效满意,且使用IB在早期康复和重返运动方面优于带线锚钉。

一类brace中的thin边

证明若一个brace含有一个四圈C_(4),且该四圈中包含两个相邻的三度点,则该brace至少有一条thin边在该C_(4)中.

高烈度区多层长悬挑钢结构设计

长安乐传媒港是十四届全运会重要配套项目,为南侧带3层大悬挑的不规则复杂结构,最大悬挑长度38.5m。主体结构采用钢结构框架-支撑体系,悬挑部分采用钢桁架结构。针对大悬挑结构设计难点开展了分析和研究;重点介绍了整体结构方案选型、结构整体分析结果以及结构抗震性能化设计结果;也重点介绍了单人行走激励和人群激励下悬挑钢桁架舒适度分析,考虑长悬挑结构安装过程、卸载顺序和楼板刚度形成次序的施工模拟分析,以及长悬挑对基础设计的影响。结果表明,本工程的多层长悬挑构结构具有较高的安全储备,整体结构具有良好抗震性能;长悬挑结构设计中需要特别关注施工过程的影响,基础设计时应考虑竖向构件受拉的不利影响。

桩撑式支护基坑通用弹性地基梁分析法

弹性地基梁法常用于模拟分析桩撑(锚)式支护基坑在开挖、设撑等施工工况中变形和受力的变化。目前利用该方法对某工况基坑分析时,首先要将整个支护桩在支撑处划分为若干个桩段,然后利用相邻桩段交界处的位移连续条件和受力平衡条件,推导出相应的待定参数方程,之后再利用求出的待定参数分析支护体系(基坑)的变形和受力。由于不同施工工况对应的支撑数和桩段数不同,因此该方法必须根据不同工况重新推导各自的参数方程,从而导致计算过程繁杂,难以形成通用计算公式和方法,也不易编程等问题。通过将支撑与桩段归纳为3种基本连接形式(即支撑分别相连于桩顶、相邻两桩段之间和坑底),本文建立了相邻两个桩段间待定参数的递推公式,进而推导出了适用于内支撑和锚索支撑形式、任意支撑道数、开挖或设撑工况的通用待定参数方程。该方程仅含4个参数,远少于现有方法且易于求解。文中算例结果验证了本文方法的合理性和可行性。

扣件钢管单面支撑体系设计与施工

随着我国城市建设土地减少,新建筑大多数都紧贴用地红线而建,而且很多新建筑地下室外墙厚度越来越厚,常规双面支模无法施工,因此越来越多的地下室外墙采用内侧单面支模的方法施工。虽然扣件钢管排架斜撑在单面支模施工中有一定的应用,但相关设计计算与施工经验不足。细致剖析单侧支模支撑形式多种类型及其特点,针对某具体工程的地下室外墙单侧支模工程,创新性地引入了一种优化后的扣件排架斜撑搭设策略。通过对该单侧支撑体系的研究,构建了精细的有限元模型,并进行了深入的应力、变形及稳定性评估,可为类似单侧支模支撑体系的设计与施工提供参考。

深基坑桩-撑-土组合支护结构的受力特性与优化设计

依托某高层建筑深基坑工程,通过现场试验获得不同施工阶段组合支护结构及基坑关键部位的变形规律。基于土体硬化模型建立深基坑组合支护体系的三维数值模型,对基坑开挖施工进行全过程模拟,分析支护结构体系的桩身弯矩、桩身位移和土压力分布规律。针对反压土的顶宽、高度、坡度以及斜支撑的间距、直径等影响因素设计正交试验,对围护桩受力变形的影响参数进行敏感性分析,并提出优化建议。研究结果表明:围护桩最大位移与最大正弯矩随反压土顶宽、高度、斜支撑直径的增大而减小,随着反压土坡度、斜支撑间距的增大而增大。桩身变形影响因素敏感性从大至小依次为反压土坡高、顶宽、反压土坡度、斜支撑间距和斜支撑直径;对组合支护体系进行设计时,建议在确定土坡自稳角度的前提下,尽量增大反压土土坡高度。

套索式黏滞阻尼器位移放大系数合理取值和布置优化

针对刚度较大、层间位移较小的超高层剪力墙结构,黏滞阻尼器采用套索布置在避难层中,其放大系数的取值和布置方式仍存在不足。套索连接是位移放大装置,通过放大阻尼器轴向行程来提高阻尼器的耗能能力。从几何分析的角度出发,对反向套索连接阻尼器的结构减振率和布置优化进行探讨:推导了反向套索连接阻尼器轴线最大位移的解析式,对比不同布置高度、不同放大系数的套索连接下结构的动力响应。当布置框架跨度过大时,通过设置悬挑桁架的反向套索连接,对比设置前后结构的动力响应。研究结果表明:套索系统效率与布置框架的高度、跨度有关,按角度确定的理论放大系数与结构减振率并不成正比。与原方案布置相比,优化布置后的结构减振率更高。优化方案在实际工程中均得到验证,即合理选取套索放大系数和布置方式能更大化地提高结构的附加阻尼比。

A spatiotemporal deep learning method for excavation-induced wall deflections

Data-driven approaches such as neural networks are increasingly used for deep excavations due to the growing amount of available monitoring data in practical projects.However,most neural network models only use the data from a single monitoring point and neglect the spatial relationships between multiple monitoring points.Besides,most models lack flexibility in providing predictions for multiple days after monitoring activity.This study proposes a sequence-to-sequence(seq2seq)two-dimensional(2D)convolutional long short-term memory neural network(S2SCL2D)for predicting the spatiotemporal wall deflections induced by deep excavations.The model utilizes the data from all monitoring points on the entire wall and extracts spatiotemporal features from data by combining the 2D convolutional layers and long short-term memory(LSTM)layers.The S2SCL2D model achieves a long-term prediction of wall deflections through a recursive seq2seq structure.The excavation depth,which has a significant impact on wall deflections,is also considered using a feature fusion method.An excavation project in Hangzhou,China,is used to illustrate the proposed model.The results demonstrate that the S2SCL2D model has superior prediction accuracy and robustness than that of the LSTM and S2SCL1D(one-dimensional)models.The prediction model demonstrates a strong generalizability when applied to an adjacent excavation.Based on the long-term prediction results,practitioners can plan and allocate resources in advance to address the potential engineering issues.

广州南沙国际金融论坛永久会址主体结构设计

广州南沙国际金融论坛永久会址属于大型复杂会议类建筑,具有大底盘双塔、钢屋盖连体、大开洞、竖向质心偏移、大跨结构等多项不规则项。介绍了结构重力体系和抗侧体系的选型思路,主体结构选用混凝土框架+屈曲约束支撑体系,外表皮采用空间钢结构。重点分析了单塔与整体结构的差异以及钢屋盖对下部双塔的影响。通过弹塑性分析,对大震作用下各个时程点的损伤水平进行评估,对大开洞的楼板进行了地震及温度作用下的楼板应力分析;对大跨桁架进行了抗连续倒塌分析。结果表明结构可满足大震不倒的要求,支撑承载力能充分发挥,大底盘结构具有良好的基座支撑特性。

复杂地层明挖地铁车站基坑施工稳定性数值模拟研究

地铁车站基坑开挖是一种应力卸荷过程,会引起支护结构及场地等的发生水平或竖向变形,所以基坑稳定性显的尤为重要。以青岛地铁2号线合川路车站为工程背景研究明挖基坑的稳定性,基于有限元分析软件,采用摩尔-库伦本构模型,考虑实际场地条件、开挖及支护过程等,建立三维数值分析模型;研究基坑分层开挖-支护过程中桩体水平位移和地表竖向位移演化规律,分析施工过程中桩+内支撑体系的受力及变形特征,并对数值计算结果与监测数据进行对比分析,得出数值模拟结果与现场实测结果基本一致,可为青岛地区类似工程提供参考经验。

脑卒中后偏瘫侧手佩戴手功能支具对患者步态时空参数的影响

目的:考察脑卒中后偏瘫侧手佩戴手功能支具对患者三维步态的影响。方法:本试验为组间一次性干预对照研究,通过对40例脑卒中患者偏瘫侧手佩戴手功能支具前后全身三维步态分析系统的测试,采集干预前后患者三维步态的时空和运动学参数并进行比较。结果:佩戴手功能支具可显著改善脑卒中偏瘫患者的步行能力和步态:患者步频、步速显著提高(P<0.001),患侧步长增大(P<0.001),患侧支撑相缩短(P<0.05)、摆动相增长(P<0.05)。患者健侧的时空参数和下肢运动学参数在患侧手佩戴手功能支具前后无明显变化。结论:手部肌张力高的脑卒中后遗症期患者患侧手佩戴手功能支具能改善步速和步态,其原理可通过“上下肢一体化”理论予以解释。该干预方法有在临床上进一步研究的价值,同时对进一步探究脑卒中偏瘫患者手功能改善对其下肢及整体步态、步行能力改善的机制亦有参考价值。

Finite Element Analysis of Tubular KK Joint under Compressive Loading

KK tubular joints are used to build jacket-type offshore structures. These joints are mostly made up of structural steel. These joints can withstand yield, buckling, and lateral loads depending on the structure’s design and environment. In this study, the Finite Element Model of the KK-type tubular joint has been created, and analysis has been performed under static loading using the Static Structural analysis system of ANSYS 19.2 commercial software and structural mechanics module of COMSOL Multiphysics. The KK tubular model is analyzed under compressive load conditions, and the resulting stress, strain, and deformation values are tabulated in both graphical and tabular form. This study includes a comparison of the outcomes from both commercial software. The results highlight that maximum stress, strain, and deformation values decrease as joint thickness increases. This study holds significant relevance in advancing the understanding of tubular KK joints and their response to compressive loading. The insights derived from the analysis have the potential to contribute to the development of more robust and reliable tubular KK joints in various engineering and structural applications. .

碟簧式自复位防屈曲支撑滞回性能数值模拟

为研究碟簧式自复位防屈曲支撑(SC-BRB)的滞回性能,利用Abaqus对其进行有限元分析,得到SC-BRB的滞回性能。参照相关试验和理论分析模型,验证有限元模型的准确性。结果表明:SC-BRB的滞回曲线呈现出显著的“旗帜型”特征,具备良好的复位效果和耗能能力;碟簧初始预压力越大,支撑的复位效果越好。

脱硝工程中偏心支撑钢结构的应用

脱硝钢结构的框架-中心支撑抗侧力体系有足够抗风需要的结构弹性刚度,在地震作用下,支撑设计不致屈曲则地震力过大,导致结构内力和基础反力过大,结构和基础总体造价偏高。如允许支撑在设防烈度及罕遇地震时屈曲降低地震作用,则支撑屈曲后性能退化,影响它的耗能能力使得结构缺失必要的抗侧刚度,结构有倒塌的安全问题。本文通过脱硝工程框架-偏心支撑体系在钢结构中的应用,论证了该结构体系弹性阶段满足多遇地震下的抗侧刚度和变形能力需求,罕遇地震下其消能梁段在结构中发挥了“保险丝”作用,在主体结构发生屈服前耗散大量的地震能量,避免支撑发生屈服,实现了罕遇地震下主体结构必要的安全要求。偏心支撑体系允许耗能梁段屈曲耗能,较大的减小了设防烈度和罕遇地震下结构的内力和支座反力,可在造价较低下满足结构安全性和经济性需求,说明了在高烈度地区偏心支撑技术在脱硝钢结构上有较好的推广价值。

跳跃运动中不同护膝条件下膝关节半月板应力场的数值研究

目的 采用数值模拟方法,建立人体膝关节肌骨系统生物力学模型,并将人体动力学模型模拟跳跃运动时所获得的运动学和动力学信息作为模型驱动数据,进而分析不同热力耦合护膝条件下膝关节半月板的应力场分布特征。方法 基于受试者CT与MRI断层扫描图像,构建包括骨、关节软骨、半月板、韧带和膝关节外围软组织的较真实人体膝关节模型,依据跳跃运动全周期分析选择蓄力起跳、落地冲击两个半月板损伤风险较大的位姿步态进行模拟,分析4种不同热力耦合护膝条件下膝关节半月板的应力场特征,讨论半月板峰值应力及其应力集中区域的变化,探究半月板损伤以及佩戴护膝的防护功效和力学依据。结果 膝关节内侧半月板前角是应力集中的易受损区域;在热力场耦合护膝条件下,内侧半月板应力集中区域由其狭长且薄弱的前角转移至其较为宽厚的中部,且峰值应力显著降低;内、外侧半月板的峰值应力接近,表明两者共同承担外载,且半月板应力集中区域面积减小。结论 热力场耦合护膝对于膝关节半月板的损伤具有良好防护作用。数值模拟研究结果可以为热力多功能护膝的设计提供理论支撑和技术指导。

Ductility demands on buckling-restrained braced frames under earthquake loading

Accurate estimates of ductility demands on buckling-restrained braced frames(BRBFs)are crucial to performance-based design of BRBFs.An analytical study on the seismic behavior of BRBFs has been conducted at the ATLSS Center,Lehigh University to prepare for an upcoming experimental program.The analysis program DRAIN-2DX was used to model a one-bay,four-story prototype BRBF including material and geometric nonlinearities.The buckling- restrained brace(BRB)model incorporates both isotropic and kinematic hardening.Nonlinear static pushover and time- history analyses were performed on the prototype BRBF.Performance objectives for the BRBs were defined and used to evaluate the time-history analysis results.Particular emphasis was placed on global ductility demands and ductility demands on the BRBs.These demands were compared with anticipated ductility capacities.The analysis results,along with results from similar previous studies,are used to evaluate the BRBF design provisions that have been recommended for codification in the United States.The results show that BRB maximum ductility demands can be as high as 20 to 25.These demands significantly exceed those anticipated by the BRBF recommended provisions.Results from the static pushover and time- history analyses are used to demonstrate why the ductility demands exceed those anticipated by the recommended provisions. The BRB qualification testing protocol contained in the BRBF recommended provisions is shown to be inadequate because it requires only a maximum ductility demand of at most 7.5.Modifications to the testing protocol are recommended.