Elastic-plastic analysis for pile-anchor supporting system of deep foundation pit

By using numerical analysis methods to simulate the deep excavation,a lot of analyses are established on the basis of two-dimensional plane strain,ignoring the fact that foundation pit possesses three dimensions. For soil constitutive relation,people always take linear and nonlinear model,without considering the plastic behavior of soil. Using plastic-elastic hardening model to simulate constitutive relation of soil characteristics,the authors carried out mechanical analysis for pit excavation and support. The results show that the analysis for the stress state of pile anchor system is an effective way which provides theoretical basis for calculation of soil displacement.

Optimization of dewatering schemes for a deep foundation pit near the Yangtze River, China

A deep foundation pit constructed for an underground transportation hub was excavated near the Yangtze River. Among the strata, there are two confined aquifers, between which lies an aquiclude that is partially missing. To guarantee the safety of pit excavation, the piezometric head of the upper confined aquifer, where the pit bottom is located, should be 1 m below the pit bottom, while that of the lower confined aquifer should be dewatered down to a safe water level to avoid uplift problem. The Yangtze River levee is notably close to the pit, and its deformation caused by dewatering should be controlled. A pumping test was performed to obtain the hydraulic conductivity of the upper confined aquifer. The average value of the hydraulic conductivity obtained from analytical calculation is 20.45 m/d, which is larger than the values from numerical simulation（horizontal hydraulic conductivity K_H = 16 m/d and vertical hydraulic conductivity K_V = S m/d）. The difference between K_H and K_V indicates the anisotropy of the aquifer. Two dewatering schemes were designed for the construction and simulated by the numerical models for comparison purposes. The results show that though the first scheme could meet the dewatering requirements, the largest accumulated settlement and differential settlement would be94.64 mm and 3.3‰, respectively, greatly exceeding the limited values. Meanwhile, the second scheme,in which the bottoms of the waterproof curtains in ramp B and the river side of ramp A are installed at a deeper elevation of-28 m above sea level, and 27 recharge wells are set along the levee, can control the deformation of the levee significantly.

Research of deformation prediction method of soft soil deep foundation pit

In view of the characteristics of soft soil deep foundation pit for the construction and geotechnical characteristics of the special medium,it is difficult to calculate theoreti- cally accurately structural deformation of the foundation pit,so in the course of excavation on the construction of the information is particularly important.The analysis and compari- son of several popular non-linear forecasting methods,combined with the actual projects, set up a grey theoretical prediction model,time series forecasting model,improved neural network model to predict deformation of the foundation pit.The results show that the use of neural network to predict with high accuracy solution,it is the foundation deformation prediction effective way in underground works with good prospects.

Co-Evolution Optimization of Anchored Row Piles for Deep Foundation Pit

The thinking of co evolution is applied to the optimization of retaining and protecting structure for deep foundation excavation, and the system of optimization of anchored row piles for deep foundation pit has been already developed successfully. For the co evolution algorithm providing an evolutionary mechanism to simulate ever changing problem space, it is an optimization algorithm that has high performance, especially applying to the optimization of complicated system of retaining and protecting for deep foundation pit. It is shown by many engineering practices that the co evolution algorithm has obvious optimization effect, so it can be an important method of optimization of retaining and protecting for deep foundation pit. Here the authors discuss the co evolution model, object function, all kinds of constraint conditions and their disposal methods, and several key techniques of system realization.

Numerical simulation and land subsidence control for deep foundation pit dewatering of Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18

In terms of controlling groundwater in deep foundation pit projects, the usual methods include increasing the curtain depth, reducing the amount of pumped groundwater, and implementing integrated control, in order to reduce the drawdown and land subsidence outside pits. In dewatering design for confined water, factors including drawdown requirements, the thickness of aquifers, the depth of dewatering wells and the depth of cutoff curtains have to be considered comprehensively and numerical simulations are generally conducted for calculation and analysis. Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18 is taken as the case study subject in this paper, a groundwater seepage model is developed according to the on-site engineering geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions, the excavation depth of the foundation pit as well as the design depth of the enclosure, hydrogeological parameters are determined via the pumping test, and the foundation pit dewatering is simulated by means of the three-dimensional finite difference method, which produces numerical results that consistent with real monitoring data as to the groundwater table. Besides, the drawdown and the land subsidence both inside and outside the pit caused by foundation pit dewatering are calculated and analyzed for various curtain depths. This study reveals that the drawdown and the land subsidence change faster near the curtain with the increase in the curtain depth, and the gradient of drawdown and land subsidence changes dwindles beyond certain depths. In this project, the curtain depth of 47/49 m is adopted, and a drawdown-land subsidence verification test is completed given hanging curtains before the excavation. The result turns out that the real measurements basically match the calculation results from the numerical simulation, and by increasing the depth of curtains, the land subsidence resulting from dewatering is effectively controlled.

Numerical Simulation and Field Monitoring Analysis for Deep Foundation Pit Construction of Subway Station

To investigate the effect of deep foundation pit excavation on the stability of retaining structure, a subway stationin the city of Jinan was selected as a project, and a FLAC3D-based three dimensional model was developed fornumerical simulation. The horizontal displacement of the retaining structure, the axial force of the support, andthe vertical displacement of the column were studied and compared to the collected data from the field. The findingsindicate that when the foundation pit is excavated, the maximum deformation of the retaining structure progressivelydecreases from the top, the distortion of the retaining structure gradually rises, and the final maximumdeformation is around 17 meters deep. In each layer of support, the largest axial force support is located in thefirst reinforced concrete support;the uplift of the pit bottom caused by soil unloading plays a primary role in thevertical displacement of the column, and the column exhibits an upward trend under all construction conditions.When compared to the measured data, the generated findings are comparable and the fluctuation trend is extremelyconsistent. The findings of this article may give technical direction for the development of subway stationswith a comparable engineering basis.

Study on Deep Well Dewatering Optimization Design in Deep Foundation Pit and Engineering Application

Based on analyses of the theories of groundwater unsteady flow in deep well dewatering in the deep foundation pit, Theis equations are chosen to calculate and analyze the relationship between water level drawdown of confined aquifer and dewatering duration. In order to reduce engineering cost and diminish detrimental effect on ambient surrounding, optimization design target function based on the control of confined water drawdown and four restriction requisitions based on the control of safe water level, resistance to throwing up from the bottom of foundation pit, avoiding excessively great subsidence and unequal surface subsidence are proposed. A deep well dewatering project in the deep foundation pit is optimally designed. The calculated results including confined water level drawdown and surface subsidence are in close agreement with the measured results, and the optimization design can effectively control both surface subsidence outside foundation pit and unequal subsidence as a result of dewatering.

Construction Technology and Safety Risk Control Measures of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation

Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.

Accident Analysis and Emergency Response Effect Research of the Deep Foundation Pit in Taiyuan Metro

Taking the deep foundation pit accident occurring at a station of metro Line 2 in Taiyuan as an example,the influence of the seepage and inrush of the foundation pit on the retaining structure and surrounding environment were studied under the geological conditions of the confined aquifer on the east coast of Fenhe River.The causes of deep foundation pit accident were also analyzed systematically based on the monitoring data,and various emergency measures were proposed to control the occurrence of secondary accident for deep foundation pit.The results showed that the occurrence of inrush for foundation pit was mainly caused by the insufficient dewatering.The development of the accident was effectively controlled by the adding of the dewatering wells,local grouting of retaining structure to stop seepage,surface grouting to reinforcement and uplift soil.The successful experience can provide some guidance to the construction of similar projects in the proposal.

Deep Foundation Pit Excavations Adjacent to Disconnected Piled Rafts: A Review on Risk Control Practice

Foundation pit excavation engineering is an old subject full of decision making. Yet, it still deserves further research due to the associated high failure cost and the complexity of the geological conditions and/or the surrounding existing infrastructure around it. This article overviews the risk control practice of foundation pit excavation projects in close proximity to existing disconnected piled raft. More focus is given to geotechnical aspects. The review begins with achievements to ensure excavation performance requirements, and follows to discuss the complex soil structure interaction involved among the fundamental components: the retaining wall, mat, piles, cushion, and the soil. After bringing consensus points to practicing engineers and decision makers, it then suggests possible future research directions.

Construction Technology of Deep Foundation Pit Support in Municipal Civil Engineering Foundation Construction

Municipal civil engineering is the key content of municipal construction,and the construction scale is usually large.The quality of the project plays an important role in the development of urban economy.Due to the rapid increase of high-rise buildings,skyscrapers and underground buildings,the construction technology of deep foundation pit support has gradually become an indispensable construction technology.Therefore,the selection of foundation pit support construction technology is crucial in ensuring that whether the foundation is firm and stable,and whether the subsequent construction activities can be carried out smoothly.In view of this,the article discusses the application of deep foundation pit support construction technology in municipal civil engineering,aiming to provide reference for subsequent projects.

基于BIM技术的基坑智能监测技术研究

基坑边坡的不安全性常导致工程事故发生,深基坑作为建设工程施工危险部位重大专项,确保基坑的安全监测和报警的及时性非常重要。文章基于BIM技术如何实现快速高效及时报警进行了分析。通过智能传感器采集数据进行无线传输至云平台,平台解析数据与BIM基坑模型自动匹配,对测点部位的位移、土压力进行动态监测,当超过预警值后自动传输报警信息,为工程危险源的及时处理提供决策依据。文章基于BIM技术的深基坑监测技术通过在天柱山管廊项目进行应用,取得了良好的安全经济效益。

拉森钢板桩在软土地层深基坑支护中的应用

拉森钢板桩作为一种低碳环保、可回收的建筑材料,在各类建筑中发挥着重要的作用。以蕲春县某河道整治项目为例,选取了基坑支护工程中2个典型剖面,介绍了拉森钢板桩在软土地层中的应用,并将天汉软件设计计算结果、MIDAS GTS NX数值模型分析结果与基坑监测结果进行对比分析,三者得到的支护结构位移、受力数值较为一致,表明天汉深基坑设计软件的客观合理性及可靠性非常高,施工前可以用MIDAS GTS NX数字模拟来预测及引导施工。

基于DeepSORT的深基坑作业工序智能识别研究

为在深基坑施工时跟踪作业主体、识别施工进度,提出一种基于DeepSORT的作业工序智能识别方法。首先,采用DeepSORT模块,在分类动作之前赋予人员ID编号,丰富动作类别信息;其次,采用Yolov5实现人员目标检测;最后,利用迁移学习思想训练自定义数据集,避免样本量较少带来的过拟合问题。结果表明,该方法可以在一定程度上跟踪前后帧作业行为,反映施工进程,且各动作的识别准确率达到了90%,该研究结果可以较好地运用在深基坑作业工序的识别中,进一步提高施工监管效率。

FINITE ELEMENT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SEEPAGE CONTROL FOR DEEP FOUNDATION PIT DEWATERING

For deep foundation pit dewatering in the Yangtze River Delta, it is easy to make a dramatic decrease of the underground water level surrounding the dewatering area and cause land subsidence and geologic disasters. In this work, a three-dimensional finite element simulation method was applied in the forth subway of Dongjiadu tunnel repair foundation pit dewatering in Shanghai. In order to control the decrease of the underground water level around the foundation pit, the foundation pit dewatering method was used to design the optimization project of dewatering ,which was simulated under these conditions that the aquifers deposited layer by layer, the bottom of the aquifers went deep to 144.45 m, the retaining wall of foundation pit shield went deep to 65 m, the filters of the extraction wells were located between 44 m to 59 m, the water level in the deep foundation pit was decreased by 34 m, and the maximum decrease of water level outside the foundation pit was 3 m. It is shown that the optimization project and the practical case are consistent with each other. Accordingly, the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation is the basic theory of optimization design of engineering structures of dewatering in deep foundation pit in such areas.

软黏土地区深大基坑工程桩-连续墙体系空间变形效应

土体开挖过程中深大基坑存在明显的空间变形效应,对其主体结构力学行为产生影响。以新建苏州南站枢纽深大基坑为工程背景,考虑地连墙厚度及工程桩的影响,基于ABAQUS建立三维空间有限元模型,采用修正剑桥模型考虑软黏土的应变硬化特征,从地连墙侧向位移、墙后地表沉降、工程桩和坑底土体隆起3个方面,研究软黏土地区深大基坑工程桩-连续墙体系的变形特征及空间效应。研究结果表明:深大基坑地连墙的侧向位移和地表沉降均呈现明显的角部效应,基坑A区(地连墙厚度1 m、桩径1 m)地连墙侧向位移角部效应的影响范围为1.05~1.71倍开挖深度,基坑B区(地连墙厚度0.8 m、桩径1.5 m)地连墙侧向位移角部效应的影响范围为0.91~1.48倍开挖深度;基坑A区、B区地表沉降角部效应的影响范围分别为1.24~2.10和1.77~2.47倍开挖深度;深大基坑空间变形角部效应与工程桩桩径及地连墙厚度有关,并且对基坑长边的影响效果大于短边。工程桩可有效增大基坑开挖面以下土体的刚度,减小地连墙的侧向位移;增大地连墙厚度可有效降低基坑的整体变形。基坑工程桩与坑底土体隆起总体呈现中间大、周边小的特征,工程桩周边土体受其约束,隆起较小;在一定范围内,工程桩对土体隆起抑制作用与其桩径呈正相关,与其桩间距呈负相关。软黏土地区深大基坑设计计算中需关注工程桩-连续墙结构体系的空间变形效应。

开挖顺序及内支撑早期刚度对软土基坑稳定性影响规律

深基坑开挖变形控制是软土基坑工程的难题,工程中常采用密集的混凝土内支撑来提高支撑刚度,然而实际工程中未能合理考虑软土深基坑的开挖顺序和混凝土内支撑早期刚度影响,往往导致基坑实际变形远大于设计值。结合珠三角水资源配置工程的软土深基坑,利用验证后的数值模拟方法研究了不同开挖顺序及混凝土内支撑早期刚度对基坑受力和变形特性的影响规律,得出了分层分区非对称开挖和对称开挖对地连墙水平位移和地表沉降的影响规律。结果表明:尽管非对称开挖会造成基坑两侧的地连墙位移和地表沉降差异,但是密集内支撑条件下非对称开挖比对称开挖对于基坑周围地表沉降和地连墙水平位移影响更小并能够大量节约工期;受混凝土内支撑早期刚度影响,施作内支撑后越早进入下一步开挖,地连墙水平位移和周围地表沉降越大;考虑内支撑早期刚度影响时基坑上部的内支撑轴力会增大,而下部的内支撑轴力会减小,早期刚度越小,这种趋势越明显;现场施工时难以实时动态监测混凝土的弹性模量,极易造成内支撑轴力的早期监测数据失真,甚至给工程带来错误决策。

盾构机始发井深基坑力学和变形特性离心模型试验研究

为探究盾构机始发井深基坑开挖过程中周边土体的应力、变形和土压力分布规律,通过对工程原型进行概化,在典型土层条件下,采用停机-开挖-支护的模拟方式开展了方形基坑和圆形基坑两种方案共2组离心模型试验,从地连墙的弯矩和其后土体的水平位移、基坑外侧土压力分布以及地表沉降等角度,对比分析了两种盾构机始发井深基坑开挖过程的工程特性。结果表明:地面沉降随基坑开挖深度增大逐渐增加,形成沉降槽状;地连墙土压力变化呈非线性,随着基坑开挖不断深入的,离地表较近处的土压力逐渐变大,而深处的土压力则逐渐减小;在第5步开挖时2组模型地下连续墙水平位移均达到最大值,圆形基坑是方形基坑的1.4倍,同时地连墙的弯矩也达到最大值,圆形基坑比方形基坑小320 kN·m。研究成果可为深埋隧道深基坑的优化设计和开挖提供指导。

基于Midas GTS的某近海深基坑开挖三维有限元数值模拟分析

为研究近海深基坑在桩锚支护体系下土体开挖变形规律,考虑水流渗透作用,运用Midas GTS对某深基坑开挖过程进行模拟,并结合已有资料进行分析。结果表明:该深基坑开挖后的第一步为最危险施工步,桩顶土体最大位移为13.97 mm,越往下开挖支护体系越完善,位移变化越小,实际监测最大位移值为15.36 mm;整个等效地连墙在钢腰梁与锚索位置处向基坑内部变形收缩程度最大,为6.6 mm,符合实际变形规律。Midas GTS能有针对性地指导现实施工阶段,可为基坑监测布置设置点提供参考价值。