Neonatal stroke is similar to the stroke that occurs in adults and produces a significant morbidity and long-term neurologic and cognitive deficits.There are important differences in the factors,clinical events and ou...Neonatal stroke is similar to the stroke that occurs in adults and produces a significant morbidity and long-term neurologic and cognitive deficits.There are important differences in the factors,clinical events and outcomes associated with the stroke in infants and adults.However,mechanisms underlying age differences in the stroke development remain largely unknown.Therefore,treatment guidelines for neonatal stroke must extrapolate from the adult data that is often not suitable for children.The new information about differences between neonatal and adult stroke is essential for identification of significant areas for future treatment and effective prevention of neonatal stroke.Here,we studied the development of stress-induced hemorrhagic stroke and possible mechanisms underlying these processes in newborn and adult rats.Using histological methods and magnetic resonance imaging,we found age differences in the type of intracranial hemorrhages.Newborn rats demonstrated small superficial bleedings in the cortex while adult rats had more severe deep bleedings in the cerebellum.Using Doppler optical coherent tomography,we found higher stress-reactivity of the sagittal sinus to deleterious effects of stress in newborn vs.adult rats suggesting that the cerebral veins are more vulnerable to negative stress factors in neonatal vs.adult brain in rats.However,adult but not newborn rats demonstrated the stroke-induced breakdown of blood brain barrier(BBB)permeability.The one of possible mechanisms underlying the higher resistance to stress-related stroke injures of cerebral vessels in newborn rats compared with adult animals is the greater expression of two main tight junction proteins of BBB(occludin and claudin-5)in neonatal vs.mature brain in rats.展开更多
Drug addiction can cause abnormal brain activation changes,which are the root cause of drug craving and brain function errors.This study enrolled drug abusers to determine the effects of different drugs on brain activ...Drug addiction can cause abnormal brain activation changes,which are the root cause of drug craving and brain function errors.This study enrolled drug abusers to determine the effects of different drugs on brain activation.A functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)device was used for the research.This study was designed with an experimental paradigm that included the induction of resting and drug addiction cravings.We collected the fNIRS data of 30 drug users,including 10 who used heroin,10 who used Methamphetamine,and 10 who used mixed drugs.First,using Statistical Analysis,the study analyzed the activations of eight functional areas of the left and right hemispheres of the prefrontal cortex of drug addicts who respectively used heroin,Methamphetamine,and mixed drugs,including Left/Right-Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(L/R-DLPFC),Left/Right-Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex(L/R-VLPFC),Left/Right-Fronto-polar prefrontal cortex(L/R-FPC),and Left/Right Orbitofrontal Cortex(L/R-OFC).Second,referencing the degrees of activation of oxyhaemoglobin concentration(HbO2),the study made an analysis and got the specific activation patterns of each group of the addicts.Finally,after taking out data which are related to the addicts who recorded high degrees of activation among the three groups of addicts,and which had the same channel numbers,the paper classified the different drug abusers using the data as the input data for Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs).The average three-class accuracy is 67.13%.It is of great significance for the analysis of brain function errors and personalized rehabilitation.展开更多
Previous studies have reported a neuroprotective effect of 8-hydroxy-2-（di-n-propylamino）tetralin （8-OH-DPAT） against traumatic brain injury. In accordance with the Marmarou method, rat models of diffuse axonal in...Previous studies have reported a neuroprotective effect of 8-hydroxy-2-（di-n-propylamino）tetralin （8-OH-DPAT） against traumatic brain injury. In accordance with the Marmarou method, rat models of diffuse axonal injury were established. 8-OH-DPAT was intraperitoneally injected into model rats. 8-OH-DPAT treated rats maintained at constant temperature served as normal temperature controls TUNEL results revealed that neural cell swelling, brain tissue necrosis and cell apoptosis occurred around the injured tissue. Moreover, the number of Bax-, Bcl-2- and caspase-3-positive cells increased at 6 hours after diffuse axonal injury, and peaked at 24 hours. However, brain injury was attenuated, the number of apoptotic cells reduced, Bax and caspase-3 expression decreased, and Bcl-2 expression increased at 6, 12, 24, 72 and 168 hours after diffuse axonal injury in normal temperature control and in 8-OH-DPAT-intervention rats. The difference was most significant at 24 hours. All indices in 8-OH-DPAT-intervention rats were better than those in the constant temperature group. These results suggest that 8-OH-DPAT inhibits Bax and caspase-3 expression, increases Bcl-2 expression, and reduces neural cell apoptosis, resulting in neuroprotection against diffuse axonal injury. This effect is associated with a decrease in brain temperature.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Grant of Russian Science Foundation (No.14-15-00128).
文摘Neonatal stroke is similar to the stroke that occurs in adults and produces a significant morbidity and long-term neurologic and cognitive deficits.There are important differences in the factors,clinical events and outcomes associated with the stroke in infants and adults.However,mechanisms underlying age differences in the stroke development remain largely unknown.Therefore,treatment guidelines for neonatal stroke must extrapolate from the adult data that is often not suitable for children.The new information about differences between neonatal and adult stroke is essential for identification of significant areas for future treatment and effective prevention of neonatal stroke.Here,we studied the development of stress-induced hemorrhagic stroke and possible mechanisms underlying these processes in newborn and adult rats.Using histological methods and magnetic resonance imaging,we found age differences in the type of intracranial hemorrhages.Newborn rats demonstrated small superficial bleedings in the cortex while adult rats had more severe deep bleedings in the cerebellum.Using Doppler optical coherent tomography,we found higher stress-reactivity of the sagittal sinus to deleterious effects of stress in newborn vs.adult rats suggesting that the cerebral veins are more vulnerable to negative stress factors in neonatal vs.adult brain in rats.However,adult but not newborn rats demonstrated the stroke-induced breakdown of blood brain barrier(BBB)permeability.The one of possible mechanisms underlying the higher resistance to stress-related stroke injures of cerebral vessels in newborn rats compared with adult animals is the greater expression of two main tight junction proteins of BBB(occludin and claudin-5)in neonatal vs.mature brain in rats.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61976133)Shanghai Industrial Collaborative Technology Innovation Project(No.2021-cyxt1-kj14)+2 种基金Major Scienti¯c and Technological Innovation Projects of Shan Dong Province(No.2019JZZY021010)Science and Technology Innovation Base Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(19DZ2255200)Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(JCKY2019413D002).
文摘Drug addiction can cause abnormal brain activation changes,which are the root cause of drug craving and brain function errors.This study enrolled drug abusers to determine the effects of different drugs on brain activation.A functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)device was used for the research.This study was designed with an experimental paradigm that included the induction of resting and drug addiction cravings.We collected the fNIRS data of 30 drug users,including 10 who used heroin,10 who used Methamphetamine,and 10 who used mixed drugs.First,using Statistical Analysis,the study analyzed the activations of eight functional areas of the left and right hemispheres of the prefrontal cortex of drug addicts who respectively used heroin,Methamphetamine,and mixed drugs,including Left/Right-Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(L/R-DLPFC),Left/Right-Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex(L/R-VLPFC),Left/Right-Fronto-polar prefrontal cortex(L/R-FPC),and Left/Right Orbitofrontal Cortex(L/R-OFC).Second,referencing the degrees of activation of oxyhaemoglobin concentration(HbO2),the study made an analysis and got the specific activation patterns of each group of the addicts.Finally,after taking out data which are related to the addicts who recorded high degrees of activation among the three groups of addicts,and which had the same channel numbers,the paper classified the different drug abusers using the data as the input data for Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs).The average three-class accuracy is 67.13%.It is of great significance for the analysis of brain function errors and personalized rehabilitation.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Technology Department of Liaoning Province, No.20032047
文摘Previous studies have reported a neuroprotective effect of 8-hydroxy-2-（di-n-propylamino）tetralin （8-OH-DPAT） against traumatic brain injury. In accordance with the Marmarou method, rat models of diffuse axonal injury were established. 8-OH-DPAT was intraperitoneally injected into model rats. 8-OH-DPAT treated rats maintained at constant temperature served as normal temperature controls TUNEL results revealed that neural cell swelling, brain tissue necrosis and cell apoptosis occurred around the injured tissue. Moreover, the number of Bax-, Bcl-2- and caspase-3-positive cells increased at 6 hours after diffuse axonal injury, and peaked at 24 hours. However, brain injury was attenuated, the number of apoptotic cells reduced, Bax and caspase-3 expression decreased, and Bcl-2 expression increased at 6, 12, 24, 72 and 168 hours after diffuse axonal injury in normal temperature control and in 8-OH-DPAT-intervention rats. The difference was most significant at 24 hours. All indices in 8-OH-DPAT-intervention rats were better than those in the constant temperature group. These results suggest that 8-OH-DPAT inhibits Bax and caspase-3 expression, increases Bcl-2 expression, and reduces neural cell apoptosis, resulting in neuroprotection against diffuse axonal injury. This effect is associated with a decrease in brain temperature.
