Neuropsychiatric disorders affect hundreds of millions of patients and families worldwide.To decode the molecular framework of these diseases,many studies use human postmortem brain samples.These studies reveal brain-...Neuropsychiatric disorders affect hundreds of millions of patients and families worldwide.To decode the molecular framework of these diseases,many studies use human postmortem brain samples.These studies reveal brain-specific genetic and epigenetic patterns via highthroughput sequencing technologies.Identifying best practices for the collection of postmortem brain samples,analyzing such large amounts of sequencing data,and interpreting these results are critical to advance neuropsychiatry.We provide an overview of human brain banks worldwide,including progress in China,highlighting some well-known projects using human postmortem brain samples to understand molecular regulation in both normal brains and those with neuropsychiatric disorders.Finally,we discuss future research strategies,as well as state-of-the-art statistical and experimental methods that are drawn upon brain bank resources to improve our understanding of the agents of neuropsychiatric disorders.展开更多
China’s colossal number of think tanks on international relations are earning greater international recognition and exerting increasing influence on China’s foreign policymaking.Leading think tanks, such as the Chin...China’s colossal number of think tanks on international relations are earning greater international recognition and exerting increasing influence on China’s foreign policymaking.Leading think tanks, such as the China Institute of International Studies,China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations,China Center for Contemporary World Studies and Shanghai Institutes for International Studies,have made significant progress in the past decades.Beijing Review reporter Li Li recently interviewed Professor Jin Canrong,Associate Dean of the School of International Studies,Renmin University of China,to find out the latest development trends of these organizations.展开更多
Advances in cellular and molecular biology underpin most current therapeutic advances in medicine.Such advances for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are hindered by the lack of similar specimens. It is beco...Advances in cellular and molecular biology underpin most current therapeutic advances in medicine.Such advances for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are hindered by the lack of similar specimens. It is becoming increasingly evident that greater access to human brain tissue is necessary to understand both the cellular biology of these diseases and their variation. Research in these areas is vital to the development of viable therapeutic options for these currently untreatable diseases. The development and coordination of human brain specimen collection through brain banks is evolving. This perspective article from the Sydney Brain Bank reviews data concerning the best ways to collect and store material for different research purposes.展开更多
The prefrontal neocortex is involved in many high cognitive functions in humans.Deficits in neuronal and neurocircuitry development in this part of the cerebrum have been associated with various neuropsychiatric disor...The prefrontal neocortex is involved in many high cognitive functions in humans.Deficits in neuronal and neurocircuitry development in this part of the cerebrum have been associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders in adolescents and adults.There are currently little available data regarding prenatal dendrite and spine formation on projecting neurons in the human prefrontal neocortex.Previous studies have demonstrated that Golgi silver staining can identify neurons in the frontal lobe and visual cortex in human embryos.In the present study,five fetal brains,at 19,20,26,35,and 38 gestational weeks,were obtained via the body donation program at Xiangya School of Medicine,Central South University,China.Golgi-stained pyramidal neurons in layer V of Brodmann area 46 in fetuses were quantitatively analyzed using the Neurolucida morphometry system.Results revealed that somal size,total dendritic length,and branching points of these neurons increased from 26 to 38 gestational weeks.There was also a large increase in dendritic spines from 35 to 38 gestational weeks.These findings indicate that,in the human prefrontal neocortex,dendritic growth in layer V pyramidal neurons occurs rapidly during the third trimester of gestation.The use of human fetal brain tissue was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xiangya School of Medicine,Central South University,China(approval No.2011-045)on April 5,2011.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31571312,31970572,and81401114)the National Key R&D Project of China(Grant No.2016YFC1306000)Innovation-driven Project of Central South University(Grant Nos.2015CXS034 and 2018CX033)to CC
文摘Neuropsychiatric disorders affect hundreds of millions of patients and families worldwide.To decode the molecular framework of these diseases,many studies use human postmortem brain samples.These studies reveal brain-specific genetic and epigenetic patterns via highthroughput sequencing technologies.Identifying best practices for the collection of postmortem brain samples,analyzing such large amounts of sequencing data,and interpreting these results are critical to advance neuropsychiatry.We provide an overview of human brain banks worldwide,including progress in China,highlighting some well-known projects using human postmortem brain samples to understand molecular regulation in both normal brains and those with neuropsychiatric disorders.Finally,we discuss future research strategies,as well as state-of-the-art statistical and experimental methods that are drawn upon brain bank resources to improve our understanding of the agents of neuropsychiatric disorders.
文摘China’s colossal number of think tanks on international relations are earning greater international recognition and exerting increasing influence on China’s foreign policymaking.Leading think tanks, such as the China Institute of International Studies,China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations,China Center for Contemporary World Studies and Shanghai Institutes for International Studies,have made significant progress in the past decades.Beijing Review reporter Li Li recently interviewed Professor Jin Canrong,Associate Dean of the School of International Studies,Renmin University of China,to find out the latest development trends of these organizations.
基金funding for the facility from the University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia
文摘Advances in cellular and molecular biology underpin most current therapeutic advances in medicine.Such advances for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are hindered by the lack of similar specimens. It is becoming increasingly evident that greater access to human brain tissue is necessary to understand both the cellular biology of these diseases and their variation. Research in these areas is vital to the development of viable therapeutic options for these currently untreatable diseases. The development and coordination of human brain specimen collection through brain banks is evolving. This perspective article from the Sydney Brain Bank reviews data concerning the best ways to collect and store material for different research purposes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81873780(to DHL)grants from the Department of Education of Hunan Province of China,No.16C1577(to LXH)the Xiangtan Medicine and Health Vocational College of China
文摘The prefrontal neocortex is involved in many high cognitive functions in humans.Deficits in neuronal and neurocircuitry development in this part of the cerebrum have been associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders in adolescents and adults.There are currently little available data regarding prenatal dendrite and spine formation on projecting neurons in the human prefrontal neocortex.Previous studies have demonstrated that Golgi silver staining can identify neurons in the frontal lobe and visual cortex in human embryos.In the present study,five fetal brains,at 19,20,26,35,and 38 gestational weeks,were obtained via the body donation program at Xiangya School of Medicine,Central South University,China.Golgi-stained pyramidal neurons in layer V of Brodmann area 46 in fetuses were quantitatively analyzed using the Neurolucida morphometry system.Results revealed that somal size,total dendritic length,and branching points of these neurons increased from 26 to 38 gestational weeks.There was also a large increase in dendritic spines from 35 to 38 gestational weeks.These findings indicate that,in the human prefrontal neocortex,dendritic growth in layer V pyramidal neurons occurs rapidly during the third trimester of gestation.The use of human fetal brain tissue was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xiangya School of Medicine,Central South University,China(approval No.2011-045)on April 5,2011.
