Recursive Partitioning Analysis Classification and Graded Prognostic Assessment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Brain Metastasis:A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective：To assess prognostic factors and validate the effectiveness of recursive partitioning analysis （RPA） classes and graded prognostic assessment （GPA） in 290 non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients with brain metastasis （BM）.Methods：From Jan 2008 to Dec 2009,the clinical data of 290 NSCLC cases with BM treated with multiple modalities including brain irradiation,systemic chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） in two institutes were analyzed.Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method.The differences of survival rates in subgroups were assayed using log-rank test.Multivariate Cox＇s regression method was used to analyze the impact of prognostic factors on survival.Two prognostic indexes models （RPA and GPA） were validated respectively.Results：All patients were followed up for 1-44 months,the median survival time after brain irradiation and its corresponding 95% confidence interval （95% CI） was 14 （12.3-15.8） months.1-,2-and 3-year survival rates in the whole group were 56.0%,28.3%,and 12.0%,respectively.The survival curves of subgroups,stratified by both RPA and GPA,were significantly different （P0.001）.In the multivariate analysis as RPA and GPA entered Cox＇s regression model,Karnofsky performance status （KPS） ≥ 70,adenocarcinoma subtype,longer administration of TKIs remained their prognostic significance,RPA classes and GPA also appeared in the prognostic model.Conclusion：KPS ≥70,adenocarcinoma subtype,longer treatment of molecular targeted drug,and RPA classes and GPA are the independent prognostic factors affecting the survival rates of NSCLC patients with BM.

Implications of the autophagy core gene variations on brain metastasis risk in non-small cell lung cancer treated with EGFR-TKI

Objective The brain is the main site of failure in cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations undergoing treatment.However,identifying patients who may develop brain metastases(BM)is difficult.Autophagy is critical for cancer initiation and progression.We hypothesized that genetic variants in autophagy core genes might contribute to BM risk of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)following treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKIs).Methods We systematically examined 16 potentially functional genetic polymorphisms in seven autophagy core genes among 105 TKI-treated NSCLC patients.Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to assess the cumulative BM probability.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were utilized to calculate hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).We evaluated the potential associations of these genes with subsequent BM development.Results We found that ATG16L1:rs2241880,ATG10:rs10036653,rs3734114,and ATG3:rs7652377 are significantly associated with NSCLC treated with EGFR-TKIs(all P<0.05).BM developed more often in patients with ATG3 rs7652377 CC genotype(33%),ATG10 rs10036653 AA genotype(43%),ATG10:rs3734114 CT/CC genotype(46%),and ATG16L1 rs2241880 AA genotype(37%)compared to patients with AA genotypes at rs7652377(12%),AT/TT genotypes at rs10036653(16%),the TT genotype at rs3734114(13%),or AG/GG genotypes at rs2241880(17%).Conclusion These associations may be critical for understanding the role of autophagy in BM risk.Future prospective studies are needed to determine if prophylactic cranial irradiation(PCI)could offer a survival benefit in this group of patients.

Surgery Versus Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Single Synchronous Brain Metastasis from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective： The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of surgery with stereotactic radiosurgery （SRS） for patients with a single synchronous brain metastasis from successfully treated non-small cell lung cancer. Methods： Between 1995 and 2002, 53 patients underwent resection of both primary non-small cell lung cancer and the associated single brain metastasis. There were 33 men and 20 women with a mean age of 57 years （range, 32-85 years）. At the time of diagnosis, 42 patients experienced lung cancer related symptoms, whereas 11 patients experienced brain metastases-related symptoms. 42 patients had received thoracic surgery first, and 11 patients had undergone neurosurgery or radiosurgery first. Pneumonectomy was performed in 9 out of 42 patients （21.4%）, lobectomies in 30 （71.4%）, and wedge resection in 3 （7.2%）. 48 patients （90.5%） underwent complete lymphadenectomy. 35 patients underwent brain metastasectomy. 18 underwent SRS. Results： There was no postoperative mortality and severe complications after either lung or brain surgery. Histology showed 34 adenocarcinomas, 16 squamous cell carcinomas, and 3 large cell lung cancers. 15 patients （28.3%） had no evidence of lymph node metastases （No）, 20 patients （37.7%） had hilar metastases （N1）, and 18 patients （34%） had mediastinal metastases （N2）. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 49%, 19%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. The corresponding data for neurosurgery group were 55%, 17%, 11%, and 6%, respectively. The median survival time was 13 months. For SRS group the corresponding data were 44.8%, 20.9% 10.5%, and 2%, respectively. The median survival time was 14 months. The differences between the two groups were not significant （P〉0.05）. In lymph node negative patients （No）, the overall 5-year survival rate was 10%, as compared with a 1% survival rate in patients with lymph node metastases （N1-2）. The difference was significant （P〈0,01）. For adenocarcinomas, the 5-year survival rate was 5%. The correspondent data for squamous cell lung cancers was 3%. The difference was not significant （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Although the overall survival rate for patients who have brain metastases from NSCLC is poor, surgical resection or radiosurgery may be beneficial in a select group of patients with synchronous brain metastases and lung cancer without lymph node metastases.

Therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis

Brain metastasis is a major cause of poor prognosis and high mortality for non-small cell lung cancer patients. The prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients with brain metastasis is generally poor and more effective treatment is required to improve their prognosis. Whole-brain radiotherapy, surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy are the main treatment for brain metastasis. This review focuses on the five therapeutic strategy and in particular, on targeted therapy.

Chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab for small cell lung cancer with brain metastases:A case report

BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)is a common and aggressive subtype of lung cancer.It is characterized by rapid growth and a high mortality rate.Approximately 10%of patients with SCLC present with brain metastases at the time of diagnosis,which is associated with a median survival of 5 mo.This study aimed to summarize the effect of bevacizumab on the progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival of patients with brain metastasis of SCLC.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old man was referred to our hospital in February 2023 because of dizziness and numbness of the right lower extremity without headache or fever for more than four weeks.The patient was diagnosed with limited-stage SCLC.He received 8 cycles of chemotherapy combined with maintenance bevacizumab therapy and achieved a PFS of over 7 mo.CONCLUSION The combination of bevacizumab and irinotecan effectively alleviated brain metastasis in SCLC and prolonged PFS.

Updates in the management of brain(leptomeningeal) metastasis of lung cancer

Brain(leptomeningeal) metastasis is one of the most common and severe complications of lung cancer. This article interprets expert consensus on the treatment advice for brain(leptomeningeal) metastasis of lung cancer, expounding on its epidemiology, diagnostic standards, efficacy assessment, treatment advice, and other aspects.

Risk factors of brain metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma:a retrospective analysis of 188 patients from single center

Background:To explore risk factors and the efficacy of treatment strategies for brain metastasis (BM) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung.Methods:The clinical data of 188 pathologically confirmed as squamous cell carcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma patients were studied retrospectively. Factors including age (<60 vs.≥60), gender, stage at diagnosis, T status (T1-2 vs. T3-4), N status (N0-1 vs. N2-3), histology (squamous vs. adenosquamous), smoking history (non-smoker vs. currentsmoker) and serum tumor markers (normal vs. elevated) were analyzed.Results:The incidence of BM was 19.1％(36/188) in our cohort. Patients who were female (p=0.005), had advanced disease at diagnosis (p<0.001), had adenosquamous carcinoma histology (p=0.033) or had elevated serum level of CEA at diagnosis (p<0.001) had significantly higher incidence of BM. In multivariate analysis, female (p=0.034, HR=18.874) and elevated serum level of CEA at diagnosis (p=0.009, HR=19.824) were independent risk factors of BM. BM patients who received additional systemic therapy after local therapy had significantly longer post-BM survival than those who received local therapy only (p=0.004, HR=0.058). Gemcitabine/platinum-containingregimen (GP) and taxans/platinum-containing regimen (TP) led to comparable brain-metastasis-free survival (BMFS) (p=0.10).Conclusions:Females and patients with elevated serum level of CEA at diagnosis had a higher risk of developing BM. The following systemic therapy after local therapy prolonged the survival of BM patient, but the efficacy of GP and TP was comparable in terms of preventing BM.

Central nervous system efficacy of aumolertinib versus gefitinib in patients with untreated,EGFR-mutated,advanced non-small cell lung cancer:data froma randomized phase III trial(AENEAS)

Background:The initial randomized,double-blinded,actively controlled,phase III ANEAS study(NCT03849768)demonstrated that aumolertinib showed superior efficacy relative to gefitinib as first-line therapy in epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Metastatic disease in the central nervous system(CNS)remains a challenge in the management of NSCLC.This study aimed to compare the efficacy of aumolertinib versus gefitinib among patients with baseline CNS metastases in the ANEAS study.Methods:Eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to orally receive either aumolertinib or gefitinib in a double-blinded fashion.Patients with asymptomatic,stable CNS metastases were included.Follow-up imaging of the same modality as the initial CNS imaging was performed every 6 weeks for 15 months,then every 12weeks.CNS responsewas assessed by a neuroradiological blinded,independent central review(neuroradiological-BICR).The primary endpoint for this subgroup analysis was CNS progression-free survival(PFS).Results:Of the 429 patients enrolled and randomized in the ANEAS study,106 patients were found to have CNS metastases(CNS Full Analysis Set,cFAS)at baseline by neuroradiological-BICR,and 60 of them had CNS target lesions(CNS Evaluable for Response,cEFR).Treatment with aumolertinib significantly prolonged median CNS PFS compared with gefitinib in both cFAS(29.0 vs.8.3 months;hazard ratio[HR]=0.31;95%confidence interval[CI],0.17-0.56;P<0.001)and cEFR(29.0 vs.8.3 months;HR=0.26;95%CI,0.11-0.57;P<0.001).The confirmed CNS overall response rate in cEFRwas 85.7%and 75.0%in patients treated with aumolertinib and gefitinib,respectively.Competing risk analysis showed that the estimated probability of CNS progression without prior non-CNS progression or death was consistently lower with aumolertinib than with gefitinib in patients with and without CNSmetastases at baseline.No new safety findings were observed.Conclusions:These results indicate a potential advantage of aumolertinib over gefitinib in terms of CNS PFS and the risk of CNS progression in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC with baseline CNS metastases.

Risk factors and treatments for brain metastasis in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung: a retrospective analysis of 373 patients

Background: Risk factors and treatments for brain metastasis (BM) in patients with adenocarcinoma have not been fully profiled in previous studies because of the enrolment of patients with tumours of mixed histology. Thus, we specifically addressed the issue in patients with adenocarcinoma. Methods: Clinical data for 373 patients with pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma were studied retrospectively. Factors including age (≤60 vs.＞60), gender (male vs. female), stage at diagnosis, T status (T1-2 vs. T3-4), N status (N0-1 vs. N2-3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status (wild-type vs. mutant) and smoking status (never vs. current) were analyzed. Results: In multivariate analysis, age (P=0.006) and N status (P=0.041) were independent risk factors for BM. In patients with BM, adding systemic therapy to local therapy improved median post-brain-metastasis survival (mPBMS) (P=0.02). However, if stratification was conducted according to the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classification or graded prognostic assessment (GPA) scoring, only patients in RPA class Ⅱ (P=0.020) or with GPA score 1.5-2.5 (P=0.032) could benefit from local plus systemic therapy. Those who received both pemetrexed and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as systemic therapies had a longer mPBMS than those who received TKIs alone, regardless of whether local therapy was applied. In patients with EGFR-sensitive mutations, TKIs therapy led to a longer mPBMS than conventional chemotherapy (P=0.002). Conclusions: Adenocarcinoma patients who were younger than 60 years of age and those with N2-3 disease have a significantly higher risk of BM. The addition of systemic therapy to local therapy can significantly prolong mPBMS, but the survival benefit confined in certain populations. Patients with opportunity to receive both pemetrexed and TKIs had the longest mPBMS.

Intracranial activity of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Background:Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are increasingly used as first-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)harboring no actionable mutations;however,data on their efficacy among patients presenting with intracranial lesions are limited.This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of ICIs combined with chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients with measurable brain metastasis at initial diagnosis.Methods:Our study retrospectively analyzed clinical data of a total of 211 patients diagnosed with driver gene mutation-negative advanced NSCLC with measurable,asymptomatic brain metastasis at baseline from Hunan Cancer Hospital between January 1,2019 and September 30,2021.The patients were stratified into two groups according to the first-line treatment regimen received:ICI combined with chemotherapy(n=102)or chemotherapy(n=109).Systemic and intracranial objective response rates(ORRs)and progression-free survival(PFS)were analyzed.Adverse events were also compared between the groups.Results:Compared with the chemotherapy-based regimen,the ICI-containing regimen was associated with a significantly higher intracranial(44.1%[45/102]vs.28.4%[31/109],χ^(2)=5.620,P=0.013)and systemic(49.0%[50/102]vs.33.9%[37/109],χ^(2)=4.942,P=0.019)ORRs and longer intracranial(11.0 months vs.7.0 months,P<0.001)and systemic(9.0 months vs.5.0 months,P<0.001)PFS.Multivariable analysis consistently revealed an independent association between receiving ICI plus platinum-based chemotherapy as a first-line regimen and prolonged intracranial PFS(hazard ratio[HR]=0.52,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.37-0.73,P<0.001)and systemic PFS(HR=0.48,95%CI:0.35-0.66,P<0.001).No unexpected serious adverse effects were observed.Conclusion:Our study provides real-world clinical evidence that ICI combined with chemotherapy is a promising first-line treatment option for driver gene mutation-negative advanced NSCLC patients who present with brain metastasis at initial diagnosis.Clinical trial registration:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/,OMESIA,NCT05129202.

不同剂量脑立体定向放疗联合PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移的疗效及安全性

目的不同剂量脑立体定向放疗联合PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移的疗效及安全性。方法选取50例非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者作为研究对象,根据患者脑立体定向放疗分割剂量分为A组(n=15)、B组(n=15)和C组(n=20),患者均接受脑立体定向放疗联合生存PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗,A组脑立体定向放疗剂量为4 Gy/f,12 f,B组为5 Gy/f,8 f组,C组为7 Gy/f,5 f。对比三组患者治疗后临床疗效、不良反应发生率以及生存情况;对比三组患者治疗前后KPS评分。结果三组患者临床总有效率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组临床总有效率比较显著高于A组和B组(P<0.05);三组患者不良反应总发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组、B组和C组患者中位生存期分别为2.70个月、2.40个月和6.60个月。Log-rank检验结果提示,三组患者中位生存期比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,三组患者的KPS评分均显著升高,组间比较差异显著,且C组患者较A组和B组显著更高(P<0.05)。结论对于非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者,7 Gy/f,5 f分割剂量相比于4 Gy/f,12 f和5 Gy/f,8 f联合PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂改善患者的临床疗效更明显,延长生存时间和生存质量更为明显。

帕博利珠单抗治疗驱动基因阴性的非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的效果

目的探讨帕博利珠单抗治疗驱动基因阴性的非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的效果。方法选取140例驱动基因阴性的非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者作为研究对象,随机分为研究组与对照组,各70例。对照组患者单纯行脑部放射治疗(立体定向放射治疗/全脑放射治疗),研究组患者在脑部放射治疗的基础上联合应用帕博利珠单抗治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、无进展生存期、总生存期及不良反应发生情况。结果研究组患者临床疗效优于对照组,缓解率及控制率高于对照组,无进展生存期及总生存期长于对照组,食欲减退发生率低于对照组,皮疹/瘙痒、中性粒细胞减少发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在放射治疗的基础上联合应用帕博利珠单抗治疗驱动基因阴性的非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者能够提高治疗效果,延长患者生存期,且安全性较高。

立体定向放射治疗对非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者肿瘤标志物及预后的影响

目的探讨立体定向放射治疗对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)脑转移患者肿瘤标志物及预后的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2021年12月山东省戴庄医院收治的NSCLC脑转移患者60例,按随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各30例。对照组予以常规化疗,观察组加用立体定向放射治疗,化疗3个周期后评价。比较两组临床疗效、生存情况、肿瘤标志物、生存质量及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组临床疗效、生存情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组肿瘤标志物水平低于对照组,生活质量各领域评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组各不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论立体定向放射治疗有利于NSCLC脑转移患者病情控制,可降低肿瘤标志物水平,改善患者生存情况,且安全可靠,值得临床应用。

分次立体定向放疗同步化疗联合贝伐珠单抗治疗肺癌脑转移的疗效及安全性

目的探讨分次立体定向放疗同步化疗联合贝伐珠单抗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的疗效及安全性。方法选取45例非小细胞肺癌脑转移的患者进行回顾性研究,根据治疗方法的不同分为观察组(n=22)和对照组(n=23)。两组均采用分次立体定向放疗同步化疗,观察组在此基础上联合贝伐珠单抗。比较两组的客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制有效率(DCR)、颅内高压缓解率、卡氏评分(KPS)改善情况、1年复发率和颅内疾病无进展生存时间(iPFS),记录两组的不良反应。结果观察组的ORR为59.09%,高于对照组的26.09%(P<0.05);两组的DCR分别为86.36%和69.57%(P>0.05)。观察组的颅内高压缓解率为59.09%,高于对照组的21.74%(P<0.05)。观察组的KPS评分上升率为68.18%,较对照组的39.13%有改善趋势(P=0.05)。观察组的1年复发率为40.91%,低于对照组的73.91%(P<0.05);观察组的iPFS为17.22个月,长于对照组的10.30个月(P<0.05)。两组不良反应相近(P>0.05)。结论在非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者中,分次立体定向放疗同步化疗联合贝伐珠单抗能提高ORR,改善颅内高压症状和生存质量,降低1年复发率和延长颅内无疾病进展时间,具有肯定的临床疗效和良好的安全性。

全脑放疗联合酪氨酸激酶抑制剂靶向药物在非小细胞肺癌脑转移中的治疗效果分析

目的:探讨全脑放疗(WBRT)联合酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)靶向药物在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)脑转移中的治疗效果。方法:选取2016年1月—2018年1月平邑县人民医院收治的66例NSCLC脑转移患者作为研究对象,采用信封法分为联合组与对照组,各33例。对照组给予吉非替尼治疗,联合组在对照组基础上给予WBRT治疗。比较两组治疗效果、血清肿瘤标志物水平、不良反应发生情况、无进展生存期(PFS)、总生存期(OS)。结果:联合组客观缓解率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.014);两组疾病控制率(DCR)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,两组角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、Ferritin、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗6个月后,两组CYFRA21-1、Ferritin、CEA水平均低于治疗前,且联合组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组各不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合组PFS、OS高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:吉非替尼联合全脑放疗能有效提高NSCLC脑转移患者治疗效果,降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,且安全性较高。

全脑放疗联合靶向治疗与同步放、化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移疗效分析

目的比较全脑放疗联合靶向治疗与同步放、化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)脑转移的近期疗效、远期生存率及不良反应。方法对58例NSCLC脑转移患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。36例患者接受全脑放疗联合靶向治疗(每日口服吉非替尼250 mg或厄洛替尼150 mg),22例患者接受全脑放疗及含铂为主的同步化疗。用Kaplan Meier法和Logrank法对患者进行生存分析,并比较两组之间的疗效差异。结果全脑放疗联合靶向治疗组疾病控制率为66.7%,同步放、化疗组疾病控制率为36.4%,全脑放疗联合靶向治疗组明显高于同步放化疗组(P<0.05)。全脑放疗联合靶向治疗组1年生存率为68%,中位生存期23.2个月。同步放、化疗组1年生存率为41%,中位生存期7.1个月。全脑放疗联合靶向治疗组中位生存期优于同步放、化疗组(P<0.05)。结论全脑放疗联合靶向治疗NSCLC脑转移的疾病控制率高于同步放、化疗,且患者生存时间延长。

COAPC方案联合脑部放射治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移

背景与目的:放射治疗是治疗脑转移癌的主要手段,而到目前为止化疗与放疗联合治疗脑转移癌的研究较少。本研究旨在观察COAPC方案化疗与脑部放射同时治疗非小细胞肺癌(non-smallcelllungcancer,NSCLC)脑转移患者的疗效、不良反应及生存率。方法:45例NSCLC脑转移患者接受COAPC方案化疗,环磷酰胺0.3g/m2第1天静推,长春新碱1.4mg/m2第1天静推,阿霉素50mg/m2第1天静推,顺铂20mg/m2第1～5天静滴,司莫司汀80mg/m2第1天口服,每3～4周为1疗程。脑部放射治疗于化疗第1疗程的第6天开始,每次2Gy,每天1次,每周5天。脑转移灶1～3个者,全脑放疗40Gy后,缩野放疗至总量60Gy;脑转移灶>3个者,全脑放疗至总量40Gy。结果:治疗后80%患者神经系统症状改善,对脑转移灶的客观有效率为64.4%,对肺原发灶的有效率为40%。治疗的主要不良反应为骨髓抑制(Ⅲ～Ⅳ度占35%)。中位生存期10个月,1年生存率44.1%,5年生存率6.7%。单纯脑转移患者的中位生存期14个月,高于多发远处转移患者的9个月(P=0.012)。结论:化疗联合脑部放射治疗NSCLC脑转移患者有效率与生存率较高,且患者耐受性较好。

阿帕替尼联合替莫唑安序贯全脑放疗二线治疗小细胞肺癌脑转移

目的回顾性分析阿帕替尼(Apatinib)联合替莫唑安(TMZ)序贯全脑放疗二线治疗小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的临床疗效。方法2012 年10 月至2018 年12 月6 a间41 例小细胞肺癌患者随机分为对照组和实验组,均病理证实为小细胞肺癌,一线治疗方案均为EP(依托泊苷+顺铂)或者IP(伊立替康+顺铂)标准化疗方案6~8 疗程,胸部放疗采用适形调强放疗技术(IMRT),常规分割1.8~2.5 Gy/次,病灶PGTV 50.4~66 Gy,出现脑转移后判定为一线治疗失败。二线治疗对照组(拓扑替康单药) 20 例:拓扑替康(1.3~1.5) mg/m2 D1~5,3 周一疗程;实验组(阿帕替尼+替莫唑安) 21 例:阿帕替尼500~625 mg/d,替莫唑安(150~200) mg/m2D1~5,3 周一疗程,直至病情进展或无法耐受。2 组病例均序贯全脑放疗PCTV 30~36 Gy,转移灶PGTV 54~66Gy,常规分割1.8~2.5 Gy/次。比较2 组临床疗效、T细胞亚群、肿瘤标记物变化及不良反应情况。结果对照组和实验组6 个月客观有效率(ORR)分别为40.0%和71.4%,疾病控制率(DCR)分别为25.0%和57.1%,2 组无疾病进展生存期(PFS)分别为(5.6±1.1)个月和(3.3±2.8)个月,总生存时间(OS)分别为(7.5±3.2)个月和(10.2±3.9)个月;2 组ORR、DCR、PFS、OS 比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组CD4、CD8 及CD4/CD8水平均高于对照组;2 组肿瘤标记物(NSE)比较有统计学差异;实验组高血压、出血、口腔黏膜炎发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他副反应差异不大。结论阿帕替尼联合替莫唑安序贯全脑放疗二线治疗小细胞肺癌脑转移较单药拓扑替康临床疗效显著,值得临床推广。

小分子TKI联合同期放疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的近期效果观察

目的探讨小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(Tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)联合同期放疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的近期效果。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年1月我院71例晚期非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的临床资料。根据治疗方法分组,以采用全脑放疗治疗的34例患者为对照组,以采用小分子TKI联合同期放疗的37例患者为研究组。比较两组近期效果、生活质量(Quality of life,QOL)评分及不良反应。结果治疗后,研究组脑转移灶疾病控制率(72.97%)高于对照组(47.06%)(P<0.05);研究组QOL评分高于对照组(P<0.05);两组恶心呕吐、腹泻、皮疹、疲倦乏力、骨髓抑制、肝肾功能损伤等不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论晚期非小细胞肺癌脑转移治疗中联用小分子TKI吉非替尼、同期放疗可增强近期疗效,改善患者生活质量,且不良反应少。

厄洛替尼联合全脑放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移临床观察

目的观察厄洛替尼联合全脑放疗(WBRT)治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)脑转移的有效性和安全性。方法16例均为不能耐受化疗或化疗失败的NSCLC脑转移患者,接受WBRT(40Gy/20次,4周)并同期口服厄洛替尼150mg,每日1次,共计30d。在放疗结束后3个月复查脑MRI,观察肿瘤大小,每3个月一次进行临床疗效评价直至疾病进展,并统计1年生存情况。结果厄洛替尼联合WBRT对NSCLC脑转移的总有效[完全缓解(CR)+部分缓解(PR)]率为87.5%,临床获益率[CR+PR+疾病稳定(SD))]为100%(2例CR,12例PR,2例SD);临床症状缓解率100%;中位疾病进展时间8.3个月,中位总生存时间10个月。13例(81.3%)出现1-2级皮疹,6例(37.5%)发生轻度腹泻。结论厄洛替尼联合WBRT治疗NSCLC脑转移具有较好疗效,毒副作用轻,可耐受,生存期延长,值得临床进一步推广应用。