Objective:To assess inter-and intraobserver reproducibility for measuring perfusion CT derived cerebral blood volume (CBV) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with different slice thickness in patients with brai...Objective:To assess inter-and intraobserver reproducibility for measuring perfusion CT derived cerebral blood volume (CBV) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with different slice thickness in patients with brain neoplasms. Meth- ods: Three independent observers who were blinded to the histopathologic diagnosis performed perfusion derived CBV and rCBV measurements with 5 mm and 10 mm slice thickness in 52 patients with various cerebral neoplasms. The results of the measurements with different slice thickness were compared. Calculation of coefficient of variation (CV), and relative paired difference of the measurements were used to determine the levels of inter- and intraobserver reproducibility. Results: The differences of CBV and rCBV measurements between different slice thickness groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05) respectively in observer 2, and were not significant in the other two observers (P > 0.05). For the same slice thickness, both the difference of CBV and rCBV measurements among the three observers were not statistically significant. Interobserver CV and relative paired difference of the measurements with 10 mm slice thickness group were slightly lower than those of 5 mm slice thickness group. Interobserver CV and relative paired difference of CBV group were slightly lower than those of rCBV group. The intraobserver differences of CBV and rCBV in 10 mm slice thickness group were statistically significant for observer 2 respectively. No other intraobserver differences of measurements were statistically significant. CV and relative paired difference of intraobserver CBV and rCBV measurements for observer 2 were significantly higher than for the other two observers. Conclusion: High reproducibility of CBV and rCBV measurements was acquired with the two different slice thickness. Suitable training may be helpful to maintain a high level of consistency for measurements.展开更多
Restorative proctocolectomy is the most common surgical option for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP). However,adenomas may develop in the ileal pouch mucosa over time,and even carcinoma in the pouch ha...Restorative proctocolectomy is the most common surgical option for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP). However,adenomas may develop in the ileal pouch mucosa over time,and even carcinoma in the pouch has been reported. We therefore reviewed the prevalence,nature,and treatment of adenomas and carcinoma that develop after proctocolectomy in the ileal pouch mucosa in patients with FAP. In 25 reports that were reviewed,the incidence of adenomas in the ileal pouch varied from 6.7% to 73.9%. Several potential factors that favor the development of pouch polyposis have been investigated,but many remain controversial. Nevertheless,it seems certain that the age of the pouch is important. The risk appears to be 7%to 16% after 5 years,35% to 42% after 10 years,and75% after 15 years. On the other hand,only 21 cases of ileal pouch carcinoma have been recorded in the literature to date. The diagnosis of pouch carcinoma was made between 3 to 20 years(median,10 years) after pouch construction. Although the risk of malignant transformation in ileal pouches is probably low,it is not negligible,and the long-term risk cannot presently be well quantified. Regular endoscopic surveillance,especially using chromoendoscopy,is recommended.展开更多
目的构建并验证一个模型以预测肺癌脑转移(lung cancer with brain metastases,LCBM)患者确诊后三个月内死亡的风险。方法本研究纳入监测,流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results,SEER)数据库内2010年1月至2015...目的构建并验证一个模型以预测肺癌脑转移(lung cancer with brain metastases,LCBM)患者确诊后三个月内死亡的风险。方法本研究纳入监测,流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results,SEER)数据库内2010年1月至2015年12月期间确诊为LCBM的患者。以是否发生早期死亡为研究终点将患者分为早期死亡组和非早期死亡组。以8∶2为比例将数据分为训练集和验证集。在训练集上采用最小绝对值收缩和筛选算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)回归法筛选预测因子,并使用多因素Logistic回归构建预测模型并创建列线图。使用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线、校准曲线和临床决策曲线(decision curve analysis,DCA)分别在训练集和验证集上评估模型性能。结果共纳入5035例患者,早期死亡发生率28.3%。LASSO回归筛选出13个变量,Logistic回归最终保留了13个与LCBM患者早期死亡相关的危险因素,包括年龄、从诊断到开始治疗时间、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、肿瘤分化程度和组织学类型、T分期、N分期、手术、放疗、化疗、肝转移和骨转移。验证集的一致性指数(concordance index,C-index)为0.84,校准曲线和DCA显示模型具有较好的预测效能和临床净效益。结论基于多因素Logistic回归构建的LCBM患者发生早期死亡的预测模型的区分度较好,能够为临床决策提供一定的帮助。展开更多
目的总结颅脑肿瘤患者术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)预防管理的最佳证据,为颅脑肿瘤患者的临床护理实践提供参考。方法根据循证护理的方法明确问题,并根据“6S”证据模型,检索有关颅脑肿瘤患者PONV的国内外证据...目的总结颅脑肿瘤患者术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)预防管理的最佳证据,为颅脑肿瘤患者的临床护理实践提供参考。方法根据循证护理的方法明确问题,并根据“6S”证据模型,检索有关颅脑肿瘤患者PONV的国内外证据,包括临床决策、指南、共识、证据总结等文献,由2名完成循证护理培训的研究员独立评价纳入文献,并对符合标准的文献进行证据提取。结果共纳入文献13篇,其中指南2篇,系统评价研究8篇,综述1篇,专家共识2篇。提炼出颅脑肿瘤患者PONV预防管理的最佳证据5个方面(危险因素、评估方式、干预管理、药物治疗和非药物治疗)、共20条。结论通过识别患者PONV的危险因素,评估患者风险等级,针对不同等级给予相对应干预措施,可为临床护理提供循证依据,帮助医护人员更好做出临床决策。展开更多
文摘Objective:To assess inter-and intraobserver reproducibility for measuring perfusion CT derived cerebral blood volume (CBV) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with different slice thickness in patients with brain neoplasms. Meth- ods: Three independent observers who were blinded to the histopathologic diagnosis performed perfusion derived CBV and rCBV measurements with 5 mm and 10 mm slice thickness in 52 patients with various cerebral neoplasms. The results of the measurements with different slice thickness were compared. Calculation of coefficient of variation (CV), and relative paired difference of the measurements were used to determine the levels of inter- and intraobserver reproducibility. Results: The differences of CBV and rCBV measurements between different slice thickness groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05) respectively in observer 2, and were not significant in the other two observers (P > 0.05). For the same slice thickness, both the difference of CBV and rCBV measurements among the three observers were not statistically significant. Interobserver CV and relative paired difference of the measurements with 10 mm slice thickness group were slightly lower than those of 5 mm slice thickness group. Interobserver CV and relative paired difference of CBV group were slightly lower than those of rCBV group. The intraobserver differences of CBV and rCBV in 10 mm slice thickness group were statistically significant for observer 2 respectively. No other intraobserver differences of measurements were statistically significant. CV and relative paired difference of intraobserver CBV and rCBV measurements for observer 2 were significantly higher than for the other two observers. Conclusion: High reproducibility of CBV and rCBV measurements was acquired with the two different slice thickness. Suitable training may be helpful to maintain a high level of consistency for measurements.
文摘Restorative proctocolectomy is the most common surgical option for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP). However,adenomas may develop in the ileal pouch mucosa over time,and even carcinoma in the pouch has been reported. We therefore reviewed the prevalence,nature,and treatment of adenomas and carcinoma that develop after proctocolectomy in the ileal pouch mucosa in patients with FAP. In 25 reports that were reviewed,the incidence of adenomas in the ileal pouch varied from 6.7% to 73.9%. Several potential factors that favor the development of pouch polyposis have been investigated,but many remain controversial. Nevertheless,it seems certain that the age of the pouch is important. The risk appears to be 7%to 16% after 5 years,35% to 42% after 10 years,and75% after 15 years. On the other hand,only 21 cases of ileal pouch carcinoma have been recorded in the literature to date. The diagnosis of pouch carcinoma was made between 3 to 20 years(median,10 years) after pouch construction. Although the risk of malignant transformation in ileal pouches is probably low,it is not negligible,and the long-term risk cannot presently be well quantified. Regular endoscopic surveillance,especially using chromoendoscopy,is recommended.
文摘目的构建并验证一个模型以预测肺癌脑转移(lung cancer with brain metastases,LCBM)患者确诊后三个月内死亡的风险。方法本研究纳入监测,流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results,SEER)数据库内2010年1月至2015年12月期间确诊为LCBM的患者。以是否发生早期死亡为研究终点将患者分为早期死亡组和非早期死亡组。以8∶2为比例将数据分为训练集和验证集。在训练集上采用最小绝对值收缩和筛选算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)回归法筛选预测因子,并使用多因素Logistic回归构建预测模型并创建列线图。使用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线、校准曲线和临床决策曲线(decision curve analysis,DCA)分别在训练集和验证集上评估模型性能。结果共纳入5035例患者,早期死亡发生率28.3%。LASSO回归筛选出13个变量,Logistic回归最终保留了13个与LCBM患者早期死亡相关的危险因素,包括年龄、从诊断到开始治疗时间、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、肿瘤分化程度和组织学类型、T分期、N分期、手术、放疗、化疗、肝转移和骨转移。验证集的一致性指数(concordance index,C-index)为0.84,校准曲线和DCA显示模型具有较好的预测效能和临床净效益。结论基于多因素Logistic回归构建的LCBM患者发生早期死亡的预测模型的区分度较好,能够为临床决策提供一定的帮助。
文摘目的探讨表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)鉴别诊断肺癌脑转移瘤组织学分型的价值及其与Ki-67增殖指数之间的关系。材料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的20例小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤和41例非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤患者的资料,并测定其Ki-67增殖指数。在ADC图上测量肿瘤实性部分的最小ADC值(the minimum ADC,ADCmin)、平均ADC值(the mean ADC,ADCmean)及对侧正常脑白质ADC值,并计算相对ADCmin(relative ADCmin,rADCmin)及相对ADCmean(relative ADCmean,rADCmean)。对比分析二者ADC值的差异,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价ADC值的鉴别诊断价值,并计算ADC值与Ki-67增殖指数之间的相关性。结果小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组的ADCmin、ADCmean、rADCmin及rADCmean值均小于非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各ADC值均能对小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤及非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤进行有效鉴别,其中rADCmean值的鉴别诊断效能最好,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.950[95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):0.907~0.994],最佳截断值为0.955,相应的敏感度和特异度分别为96.23%、83.87%,准确度为91.67%。小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组的Ki-67增殖指数大于非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。61例肺癌脑转移瘤患者的ADCmin、ADCmean、rADCmin及rADCmean值均与Ki-67增殖指数呈不同程度的负相关(r=-0.506、r=-0.480、r=-0.569、r=-0.541)。结论ADC值可以对肺癌脑转移瘤的组织学分型进行鉴别诊断,并可以预测Ki-67增殖指数的表达水平。
文摘目的总结颅脑肿瘤患者术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)预防管理的最佳证据,为颅脑肿瘤患者的临床护理实践提供参考。方法根据循证护理的方法明确问题,并根据“6S”证据模型,检索有关颅脑肿瘤患者PONV的国内外证据,包括临床决策、指南、共识、证据总结等文献,由2名完成循证护理培训的研究员独立评价纳入文献,并对符合标准的文献进行证据提取。结果共纳入文献13篇,其中指南2篇,系统评价研究8篇,综述1篇,专家共识2篇。提炼出颅脑肿瘤患者PONV预防管理的最佳证据5个方面(危险因素、评估方式、干预管理、药物治疗和非药物治疗)、共20条。结论通过识别患者PONV的危险因素,评估患者风险等级,针对不同等级给予相对应干预措施,可为临床护理提供循证依据,帮助医护人员更好做出临床决策。
