Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms

Primary appendiceal neoplasms represent a relatively low percentage of all gastrointestinal cancers. A subset of these neoplasms, those of epithelial origin, are characterised by the production of a considerable amount of mucus, which is referred to as appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN). Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN) have a low incidence, are easily misdiagnosed, depend on postoperative examination for confirmation of the diagnosis, are prone to form a “diagnosis”, and have a high incidence of the disease. Furthermore, they are prone to form peritoneal pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), are controversial in surgical decision-making, are prone to recurring after surgery alone, and are tricky to manage clinically. In this paper, we review the pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of appendiceal mucinous tumours in the light of recent literature reports, with a view to providing certain references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease. .

Reproducibility of perfusion CT derived CBV and rCBV measurements with different slice thickness in patients with brain neoplasms

Objective:To assess inter-and intraobserver reproducibility for measuring perfusion CT derived cerebral blood volume (CBV) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with different slice thickness in patients with brain neoplasms. Meth- ods: Three independent observers who were blinded to the histopathologic diagnosis performed perfusion derived CBV and rCBV measurements with 5 mm and 10 mm slice thickness in 52 patients with various cerebral neoplasms. The results of the measurements with different slice thickness were compared. Calculation of coefficient of variation (CV), and relative paired difference of the measurements were used to determine the levels of inter- and intraobserver reproducibility. Results: The differences of CBV and rCBV measurements between different slice thickness groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05) respectively in observer 2, and were not significant in the other two observers (P > 0.05). For the same slice thickness, both the difference of CBV and rCBV measurements among the three observers were not statistically significant. Interobserver CV and relative paired difference of the measurements with 10 mm slice thickness group were slightly lower than those of 5 mm slice thickness group. Interobserver CV and relative paired difference of CBV group were slightly lower than those of rCBV group. The intraobserver differences of CBV and rCBV in 10 mm slice thickness group were statistically significant for observer 2 respectively. No other intraobserver differences of measurements were statistically significant. CV and relative paired difference of intraobserver CBV and rCBV measurements for observer 2 were significantly higher than for the other two observers. Conclusion: High reproducibility of CBV and rCBV measurements was acquired with the two different slice thickness. Suitable training may be helpful to maintain a high level of consistency for measurements.

Treatment of aggressive pancreatic solid pseudo-papillary neoplasms with apatinib plus S-1 chemotherapy:A case report and literature review

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm(SPN) is a rare indolent pancreatic neoplasm that occurs mostly in females. Although the malignancy potential is quite limited for SPN, these tumors can sometimes be aggressive and lead to inferior prognosis for male patients. In this case report, we present a special case of a male patient with SPN who experienced an aggressive tumor expansion after two surgical resections. For further treatment, we decided to administer chemotherapy with apatinib and S-1, and subsequent CT/MRI tumor monitoring indicated satisfactory control of tumor expansion. The effectiveness of apatinib plus the S-1 regimen should be tested for more patients with SPN in the future.

Symptom Experience and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy-A Secondary Publication

Objective:To evaluate symptom experience and quality of life(QoL)and to identify the predictors of QoL among colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 colorectal cancer patients at a university-affiliated hospital between June 1 and July 30,2021.Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal(FACT-C)and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form(MSAS-SF)were used to assess symptom experience and QoL of these patients.Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation,t-test,ANOVA,and hierarchical multiple regression.Results:The mean QoL score for colorectal cancer patients was 88.78±20.08.The most frequently experienced physical and psychological symptoms were numbness/tingling and worrying.Physical and psychological symptoms have a significant negative association with QoL.Perceived economic status was significantly associated with QoL in patients’general characteristics.The regression analyses showed that high psychological symptoms(β=-0.63,P<0.001),middle perceived economic status(β=-0.22,P=0.009),and low perceived economic status(β=-0.36,P<0.001)were statistically significant in predicting patients’low QoL.Conclusion:Symptom experience and QoL are essential variables that should be acknowledged when delivering health care to colorectal cancer patients.More attention to the reduction and comprehensive symptom management of psychological distress could improve QoL among colorectal cancer patients.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms:A clinical snapshot

Our understanding about the epidemiological aspects,pathogenesis,molecular diagnosis,and targeted therapies of neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)have drastically advanced in the past decade.Gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)NENs originate from the enteroendocrine cells of the embryonic gut which share common endocrine and neural differentiation factors.Most NENs are welldifferentiated,and slow growing.Specific neuroendocrine biomarkers that are used in the diagnosis of functional NENs include insulin,glucagon,vasoactive intestinal polypeptide,gastrin,somatostatin,adrenocorticotropin,growth hormone releasing hormone,parathyroid hormone-related peptide,serotonin,histamine,and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid(5-HIAA).Biomarkers such as pancreatic polypeptide,human chorionic gonadotrophin subunits,neurotensin,ghrelin,and calcitonin are used in the diagnosis of non-functional NENs.5-HIAA levels correlate with tumour burden,prognosis and development of carcinoid heart disease and mesenteric fibrosis,however several diseases,medications and edible products can falsely elevate the 5-HIAA levels.Organ-specific transcription factors are useful in the differential diagnosis of metastasis from an unknown primary of well-differentiated NENs.Emerging novel biomarkers include circulating tumour cells,circulating tumour DNA,circulating micro-RNAs,and neuroendocrine neoplasms test(NETest)(simultaneous measurement of 51 neuroendocrine-specific marker genes in the peripheral blood).NETest has high sensitivity(85%-98%)and specificity(93%-97%)for the detection of gastrointestinal NENs,and is useful for monitoring treatment response,recurrence,and prognosis.In terms of management,surgery,radiofrequency ablation,symptom control with medications,chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapies are all considered as options.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment,but depends on factors including age of the individual,location,stage,grade,functional status,and the heredity of the tumour(sporadic vs inherited).Medical management is helpful to alleviate the symptoms,manage inoperable lesions,suppress postoperative tumour growth,and manage recurrences.Several molecular-targeted therapies are considered second line to somatostatin analogues.This review is a clinical update on the pathophysiological aspects,diagnostic algorithm,and management of GEP NENs.

Prolonged hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy duration with 90 minutes cisplatin might increase overall survival in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastases

BACKGROUND Advanced gastric cancer with synchronous peritoneal metastases(GC-PM)is associated with a poor prognosis.Although cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(CRS-HIPEC)is a promising approach,only a limited number of Western studies exist.AIM To investigate the clinicopathological outcomes of patients who underwent CRSHIPEC for GC-PM.METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with GC-PM was conducted.All patients were seen at the Department of General and Visceral Surgery,Hospital Barmherzige Brüder,Regensburg,Germany between January 2011 and July 2021 and underwent CRS-HIPEC.Preoperative laboratory results,the use of neoadjuvant trastuzumab,and the details of CRS-HIPEC,including peritoneal carcinomatosis index,completeness of cytoreduction,and surgical procedures were recorded.Disease-specific(DSS),and overall survival(OS)of patients were calculated.RESULTS A total of 73 patients were included in the study.Patients treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab(n=5)showed longer DSS(P=0.0482).Higher white blood cell counts(DSS:P=0.0433)and carcinoembryonic antigen levels(OS and DSS:P<0.01),and lower hemoglobin(OS and DSS:P<0.05)and serum total protein(OS:P=0.0368)levels were associated with shorter survival.Longer HIPEC duration was associated with more advantageous median survival times[60-min(n=59):12.86 mo;90-min(n=14):27.30 mo],but without statistical difference.To obtain additional data from this observation,further separation of the study population was performed.First,propensity score-matched patient pairs(n=14 in each group)were created.Statistically different DSS was found between patient pairs(hazard ratio=0.2843;95%confidence interval:0.1119-0.7222;P=0.0082).Second,those patients who were treated with trastuzumab and/or had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity(median survival:12.68 mo vs 24.02 mo),or had to undergo the procedure before 2016(median survival:12.68 mo vs 27.30 mo;P=0.0493)were removed from the original study population.CONCLUSION Based on our experience,CRS-HIPEC is a safe and secure method to improve the survival of advanced GC-PM patients.Prolonged HIPEC duration may serve as a good therapy for these patients.

THE USE OF ANTI-HUMAN GLIOMA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR TARGETING CHEMOTHERAPY OF BRAIN GLIOMAS(PREPARATION AND CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF ANTIBODY-ADRIAMYCIN IMMUNOCONJUGATES)

Immunoconjugates are antibody-drug hybrid molecules which combine the exquisite selectivity or monoclonal antibodies with the potent toxicity of anticancer agents. A monoclonal antibody SZ39 against human brain gliomas was used as a drug carrier. Adriamycin (ADR) was bound covalently to SZ39 to form a SZ39-ADR conjugate. The cytotoxic activity of the SZ39-ADR conjugate was tested in vitro and demonstrated potent and specific killing of cells derived from a human malignant glioma. 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for SZ39-ADR to 'target' cells was 8.14×10-9 M. An index of specificity between 'target' and 'non-target' cells was calculated to be 88-fold. These data suggest that the SZ39-ADR may use as a potent and cell type-specific agent and is a likely candidate for the targeting chemotherapy of malignant gliotnas.

THE USE OF ANTIHUMAN GLIOMA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR TARGETING CHEMOTHERAPY OF BRAIN GLIOMAS(POTENT SUPPRESSION OF MALIGNANT GLIOMA GROWTH WITH IMMUNOCONJUGATES IN VIVO)

Athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous and intracerebral human glioma xenografts were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal anti-body-adriamycin immunoconjugates against malignant gliomas in vivo. Immunoconjugates showed a significantly stronger antitumor effect with a T/C (treated/ control tumor volume) of 30% as compared with free drug (T/C of 84%). The targeting treatment with immunoconjugates significantly prolonged 54% of median survival time of nude mice. Side effects of immunoconjugates on the normal bone marrow and small intestines were much slighter than those of the free drug. The results of this study indicate that the use of monoclonal antibodies as carriers of anti-tumor agents may have many therapeutic advantages and potential for the treatment of brain gliomas.

Relationship between Circulating Plasma Galectin-3 Levels and T-Cell Activation during Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy

Objective: Despite the existence of several therapeutic strategies, the management of cervical cancer remains challenging. Our region has very little data on the interaction between the immune system and the clinical response to chemotherapy. This work examines plasma levels of galectin-3 (Gal-3) and percentages of activated T cells in patients with cervical cancer treated with chemotherapy and investigates if there is a relationship between the rates of these two elements. Methods: We compared data from 37 patients with cervical cancer undergoing chemotherapy and 42 controls with normal cervical cytology. Plasma Gal-3 concentrations were assessed by ELISA and expression of activation markers by T cells (CD69 and HLA-DR) was assessed by flow cytometry at three different time points during chemotherapy. Results: Our results showed that patients had a significantly higher concentration of Gal-3 compared to controls (4.025 vs. 1.340, p 0.001), similarly, they had a significantly high percentage of activated lymphocytes (2.610 vs. 0.731;p 0.0001). According to the response to treatment, patients with no response to treatment had a lower concentration of circulating Gal-3 but had approximately the same percentage of activated CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes as patients with a partial or total response. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the Gal-3 level and CD4 T cells expressing the activation marker CD69 (p 0.05;rho = 0.44). Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that there would be a relationship between circulating galectin-3 and the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD69+ cells in cervical cancer.

Effects of cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy on prognosis of patients with advanced gallbladder cancer

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer(GC)is a common malignant tumor and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide.It is typically highly invasive,difficult to detect in the early stages,and has poor treatment outcomes,resulting in high mortality rates.The available treatment options for GC are relatively limited.One emerging treatment modality is hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC).HIPEC involves delivering heated chemotherapy directly into the abdominal cavity.It combines the strategies of surgical tumor resection and localized chemotherapy administration under hyperthermic conditions,aiming to enhance the concentration and effectiveness of drugs within the local tumor site while minimizing systemic toxicity.AIM To determine the effects of cytoreductive surgery(CRS)combined with HIPEC on the short-term prognosis of patients with advanced GC.METHODS Data from 80 patients treated at the Punan Branch of Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between January 2018 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The control group comprised 44 patients treated with CRS,and the research group comprised 36 patients treated with CRS combined RESULTS The baseline data of the research and control groups were similar(P>0.05).Six days after surgery,the alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin,and direct bilirubin levels significantly decreased compared to the preoperative levels in both groups(P<0.05).However,the values did not differ between the two groups six days postoperatively(P>0.05).Similarly,the postoperative creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly lower than the preoperative levels in both groups(P<0.05),but they did not differ between the groups six days postoperatively(P>0.05).Furthermore,the research group had fewer postoperative adverse reactions than the control group(P=0.027).Finally,a multivariate Cox analysis identified the tumor stage,distant metastasis,and the treatment plan as independent factors affecting prognosis(P<0.05).The three-year survival rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P=0.002).CONCLUSION CRS combined with HIPEC lowers the incidence of adverse reactions and improves survival in patients with advanced GC.

基于脑MRI的机器学习预测非小细胞肺癌T790M突变

目的:本研究基于脑部T_(1)C和T_(2)W MRI建立人工智能模型,预测肺癌脑转移患者在靶向治疗中的耐药性T790M突变。方法:本研究收集80例肺癌脑转移患者(2017年6月—2019年12月)的T_(1)C和T_(2)W MRI影像和临床数据进行回顾性分析(患者按照2∶1的比例分成训练集和测试集)。采用无监督k-means算法将肿瘤区域划分为高亮度区域和低亮度区域,提取不同区域的影像组学图像特征构建模型,评估每个模型的诊断效果。绘制受试者工作特征(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积(Area under curve,AUC)、特异性和敏感性作为模型评价指标,分析模型的潜在临床应用价值。结果:对T_(1)C和T_(2)W MRI和临床特征融合的统计计算表明,本研究建立的模型对T790M突变具有良好的预测能力,在训练集和测试集上的AUC分别为0.899和0.818。结论:本研究建立的计算机模型可以有效预测肺癌脑转移患者T790M突变,具有潜在的临床辅助诊断价值。

基于肺部CT生境模型预测表皮生长因子受体突变型肺腺癌脑转移

目的观察基于肺部CT生境模型预测表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变型肺腺癌脑转移(BM)的价值。方法回顾性分析198例EGFR突变型肺腺癌患者肺部平扫CT资料,按7∶3比例将其分为训练集(n=138)与测试集(n=60)并进一步划分BM亚组与非BM亚组。筛选训练集亚组间差异有统计学意义的变量构建逻辑回归(LR)临床模型;分别于瘤体及瘤体亚区提取特征,基于随机森林、高斯过程(GP)及支持向量机(SVM)算法构建影像组学及生境模型并筛选其中泛化能力最佳者,基于泛化能力最佳影像组学、生境模型及临床模型预测值构建LR联合模型;绘制受试者工作特征曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),评估各模型预测EGFR突变型肺腺癌BM的效能,以Spearman相关分析观察EGFR突变型肺腺癌Ki-67水平与生境特征的相关性。结果LR临床模型、GP影像组学模型、SVM生境模型及LR联合模型预测训练集EGFR突变型肺腺癌BM的AUC分别为0.700、0.726、0.801及0.834,在测试集分别为0.754、0.600、0.715及0.848。LR联合模型在训练集的AUC高于LR临床模型(P<0.001)、在测试集的AUC高于GP影像组学模型(P=0.010);其在训练集的效能相比GP影像组学模型及SVM生境模型均有显著正向提高[综合判别改善指数(IDI)=8.60%、8.55%,P均<0.001]。EGFR突变型肺腺癌Ki-67水平与生境图谱中的habitatmap_original_glszm_lalgle呈低度正相关(│rs│=0.201,P=0.004)。结论基于肺部CT生境模型可有效预测EGFR突变型肺腺癌BM。

肺癌脑转移患者早期死亡预测模型的构建与验证

目的构建并验证一个模型以预测肺癌脑转移(lung cancer with brain metastases,LCBM)患者确诊后三个月内死亡的风险。方法本研究纳入监测,流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results,SEER)数据库内2010年1月至2015年12月期间确诊为LCBM的患者。以是否发生早期死亡为研究终点将患者分为早期死亡组和非早期死亡组。以8∶2为比例将数据分为训练集和验证集。在训练集上采用最小绝对值收缩和筛选算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)回归法筛选预测因子,并使用多因素Logistic回归构建预测模型并创建列线图。使用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线、校准曲线和临床决策曲线(decision curve analysis,DCA)分别在训练集和验证集上评估模型性能。结果共纳入5035例患者,早期死亡发生率28.3%。LASSO回归筛选出13个变量,Logistic回归最终保留了13个与LCBM患者早期死亡相关的危险因素,包括年龄、从诊断到开始治疗时间、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、肿瘤分化程度和组织学类型、T分期、N分期、手术、放疗、化疗、肝转移和骨转移。验证集的一致性指数(concordance index,C-index)为0.84,校准曲线和DCA显示模型具有较好的预测效能和临床净效益。结论基于多因素Logistic回归构建的LCBM患者发生早期死亡的预测模型的区分度较好,能够为临床决策提供一定的帮助。

球囊阻断肝动脉灌注化疗用于不可切除肝细胞癌合并肝动脉-门静脉瘘

目的观察球囊阻断肝动脉灌注化疗(b-HAIC)用于不可切除肝细胞癌(HCC)合并肝动脉-门静脉瘘(HAPF)的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析8例接受FOLFOX b-HAIC的不可切除HCC合并HAPF患者,记录技术成功率及治疗相关不良事件并评价疗效。结果对8例成功完成17次b-HAIC,技术成功率100%。首次b-HAIC后1个月,8例HAPF瘘口分流量降低或完全闭合,治疗有效率100%。2~3次b-HAIC后,HCC客观缓解率(ORR)和疾病控制率(DCR)分别为87.50%(7/8)及100%(8/8)。8例治疗后均出现1~3级不良事件,以腹痛(7/8,87.50%)及转氨酶一过性升高(5/8,62.50%)为主,经休息或对症治疗后均好转;未见4~5级不良事件。结论b-HAIC治疗不可切除HCC合并HAPF有效且相对安全。

同时多层成像技术用于弥散张量成像评估脑胶质瘤

目的探讨同时多层成像(SMS)技术用于弥散张量成像(DTI)评估脑胶质瘤的价值。方法前瞻性对34例脑胶质瘤患者采集颅脑常规DTI及SMS-DTI,对比2种图像质量主观评分、信噪比(SNR)及对比度信噪比(CNR),以及基于2种图像所获全脑纤维束数及肿瘤相对各向异性分数(rFA)和平均扩散率(rMD)。结果34例中,23例为高级别、11例为低级别胶质瘤。SMS-DTI整体图像质量、显示肿瘤边缘清晰度和磁敏感伪影主观评分与常规DTI差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),而其SNR、CNR均低于常规DTI(P均<0.05);基于SMS-DTI所获不同病理分级脑胶质瘤患者全脑纤维束数及肿瘤rFA和rMD与常规DTI差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论SMS技术用于DTI评估脑胶质瘤可在保证图像质量及定量分析结果准确性的前提下有效缩短采集时间。

母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤临床和病理特征分析

目的:归纳并分析母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)的临床资料,为进一步认识该类疾病提供依据。方法:回顾性分析11例BPDCN患者的临床表现、免疫表型及病理特点、治疗与预后。结果:11例明确诊断BPDCN的患者中,男性8例、女性3例,中位年龄44(6-81)岁。临床主要以皮疹、包块等为首发症状,并伴有淋巴结、骨髓受累。肿瘤性母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)表达HLA-DR、CD4、CD56、CD123,不表达cCD3、cMPO、cCD79a,部分病例可表达CD38、CD99、CD36。临床上手术切除、多次化疗失败的患者复发快,患者生存期短。首次化疗达到完全缓解的患者pDC细胞不表达CD56,且经骨髓移植后具有较长的生存期。结论:BPDCN免疫表型具有异质性,CD56是区分肿瘤性和正常pDC细胞的良好标志物;化疗缓解后进行造血干细胞移植的BPDCN患者预后较好。

鼻咽癌放化疗治疗患者外周血PD-1及免疫指标水平的变化及其临床意义

目的探讨鼻咽癌放化疗治疗患者外周血程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)及免疫指标水平的变化及其临床意义。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2023年江苏省肿瘤医院收治的90例鼻咽癌患者,所有患者均经病理确诊并接受放化疗治疗,采集其血液样本之后采用流式细胞术对不同时间段(治疗前、新辅助化疗后、放疗后)外周血淋巴细胞亚群比例、外周血PD-1、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例的水平变化予以动态监测并比较。结果鼻咽癌患者新辅助化疗后CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值分别为(72.28±8.37)%、(39.27±8.58)%、1.58±0.67,均明显高于治疗前,CD3-CD16^(+)CD56^(+)、CD19^(+)细胞比例分别为(18.27±8.38)%、(7.87±4.08)%,均明显低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);新辅助化疗后与治疗前的CD8^(+)细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。鼻咽癌患者新辅助化疗之后CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例为(10.68±3.87)%,明显高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);新辅助化疗后与治疗前的外周血PD-1水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。放疗后与治疗前的CD3^(+)细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);鼻咽癌患者放疗后CD4^(+)细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值、CD19^(+)细胞比例分别为(26.68±6.09)%、0.88±0.29、(3.69±2.36)%,均明显低于治疗前,CD8^(+)、CD3-CD16^(+)CD56^(+)细胞比例分别为(31.03±8.08)%、(27.39±10.26)%,均明显高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。鼻咽癌患者放疗后CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例为(7.08±2.57)%,明显低于治疗前,外周血PD-1水平为(13.38±6.27)%,明显高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新辅助化疗之后鼻咽癌患者外周血T细胞亚群比值处于持续上调趋势,而放疗完成后处于下降趋势,表明鼻咽癌患者于放疗完成后免疫功能受损;放疗完成后鼻咽癌患者T细胞PD-1表达水平明显上调,提示PD-1抑制剂最佳使用时间可能为放化疗完成时,抗PD-1维持治疗可发挥持久、高效的抗肿瘤作用。

肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏的相关性分析

目的分析肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏的相关性。方法选择2021年8月-2022年12月我院收治的肺癌化疗患者137例,采用Piper疲乏修订量表对化疗初期症状群进行评价,采用Pearson相关性分析对肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏的相关性进行分析。结果回收有效问卷137份(97.86%),137例肺癌患者化疗初期症状群表现为口干(67.88%)、食欲下降(58.39%)、呕吐(16.79%)、咯血(19.71%)、嗜睡(51.82%)、健忘(59.85%)、悲伤感(47.45%)、咳嗽(54.01%)、咳痰(75.18%)、便秘(37.96%)、麻木感(35.77%)、胸闷(59.12%)、气短(70.80%)以及体重下降(49.64%),有无症状群患者的癌因性疲乏评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05)。结论肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏呈正相关,临床可采取相应干预措施,降低癌因性疲乏的程度。

仑伐替尼联合PD-1单抗及GEMOX方案在晚期胆道恶性肿瘤治疗中的临床观察

目的探讨靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)在胆道恶性肿瘤复发转移患者中的临床效果和安全性。方法选择2015年1月到2024年1月在我院中西医结合肿瘤科及肝胆外科接受靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)方案的复发转移的晚期胆道恶性肿瘤患者24例,主要观察终点设置为总体生存期(overall survival,OS)和无进展生存时间(progression-free survival,PFS),次要观察终点设置为客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)、安全性。借助肿瘤标记物(CEA、CA125、CA199)变化、不良反应、生活质量评分,影像学改变等各项数据综合评估靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)方案治疗晚期胆道恶性肿瘤复发转移的安全性和整体临床效果。结果部分缓解(PR)8例,稳定(SD)8例,进展(PD)8例,ORR 33.3%(8/24),DCR 66.7%(16/24),中位OS 13个月,中位PFS 8个月。治疗后CA199水平明显低于治疗前(P<0.05)。主要不良反应为皮疹(14/24,58.3%)、白细胞下降(22/24,91.6%)、贫血(20/24,83.3%),其中有1例因严重不良事件退出治疗,1例患者在治疗期间死于胆道梗阻合并感染。结论采用靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)方案治疗晚期胆道恶性肿瘤复发转移患者具有较高的安全性和有效性,可以在临床使用。

不同化疗方案联合腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术对进展期胃癌患者疗效及血清sEC、IGF、CEA水平的影响

目的研究不同化疗方案联合腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术对进展期胃癌患者的疗效及血清可溶性E2钙粘连蛋白(sEC)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平的影响。方法选择2020年3月至2023年6月收治的进展期胃癌患者150例,按照随机数字表法分成2组,其中对照组75例采用奥沙利铂和卡培他滨方案化疗联合腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术治疗,观察组75例采用多西他赛、奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨方案化疗(DOX方案)联合腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术治疗。观察比较2组围术期指标及化疗前后血清sEC、IGF、CEA水平和2组近期疗效、术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组术后肛门排气时间、术后第一次进食流质饮食时间和术后住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。化疗后,sEC、IGF、CEA水平均下降,且观察组下降更显著(P<0.05,P<001)。观察组近期疗效显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<001)。结论DOX方案联合腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌效果较好,术后并发症发生率低,可以作为进展期胃癌患者的治疗备选方案。