Many therapies with potential for treatment of brain injury have been investigated. Few types of cells have spurred as much interest and excitement as stem cells over the past few decades. The multipotentiality and se...Many therapies with potential for treatment of brain injury have been investigated. Few types of cells have spurred as much interest and excitement as stem cells over the past few decades. The multipotentiality and self-renewing characteristics of stem cells confer upon them the capability to regenerate lost tissue in ischemic or degenerative conditions as well as trauma. While stem cells have not yet proven to be clinically effective in many such conditions as was once hoped, they have demonstrated some effects that could be manipulated for clinical benefit. The various types of stem cells have similar characteristics, and largely differ in terms of origin; those that have differentiated to some extent may exhibit limited capability in differentiation potential. Stem cells can aid in decreasing lesion size and improving function following brain injury.展开更多
Acute central nervous system(CNS)injuries such as spinal cord injury,traumatic brain injury,autoimmune encephalomyelitis,and ischemic stroke are associ- ated with significant morbidity,mortality,and health care costs ...Acute central nervous system(CNS)injuries such as spinal cord injury,traumatic brain injury,autoimmune encephalomyelitis,and ischemic stroke are associ- ated with significant morbidity,mortality,and health care costs worldwide.Preliminary research has shown potential neuroprotection associated with adult tissue derived stem/progenitor cell based therapies.While initial research indicated that engraftment and transdif- ferentiation into neural cells could explain the observed benefit,the exact mechanism remains controversial.A second hypothesis details localized stem/progenitor cell engraftment with alteration of the loco-regional milieu;however,the limited rate of cell engraftment makes this theory less likely.There is a growing amount of pre-clinical data supporting the idea that,after intravenous injection,stem/progenitor cells interact with immuno- logic cells located in organ systems distant to the CNS,thereby altering the systemic immunologic/inflammatory response.Such distant cell"bioreactors"could modulate the observed post-injury pro-inflammatory environment and lead to neuroprotection.In this review,we discuss the current literature detailing the above mechanisms of action for adult stem/progenitor cell based therapies in the CNS.展开更多
目的探讨大鼠缺血性脑损伤后骨髓间充质干细胞及外泌体Zeb2基因的表达及意义。方法将18只SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组和模型组各9只,模型组采用右颈内动脉线栓法创建大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,假手术组仅结扎颈内动脉,不阻塞...目的探讨大鼠缺血性脑损伤后骨髓间充质干细胞及外泌体Zeb2基因的表达及意义。方法将18只SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组和模型组各9只,模型组采用右颈内动脉线栓法创建大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,假手术组仅结扎颈内动脉,不阻塞大脑中动脉,造成与模型组同样的手术损伤。根据Bederson方法进行神经行为学评分,并采用RT-PCR和Western blotting方法分别从RNA水平和蛋白水平检测骨髓间充质干细胞及其外泌体、血清外泌体Zeb2的表达。结果与假手术组相比,模型组即缺血再灌注处理后骨髓间充质干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞来源的外泌体、血清外泌体中Zeb2 m RNA、Zeb2蛋白表达水平均呈明显上升趋势,两组差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论大鼠缺血再灌注损伤后会上调骨髓间充质干细胞及外泌体Zeb2基因的表达,Zeb2具有重要的神经保护作用。展开更多
基金supported by research grants R01 HL112597,R01 HL116042,and R01 HL120659(to DKA)
文摘Many therapies with potential for treatment of brain injury have been investigated. Few types of cells have spurred as much interest and excitement as stem cells over the past few decades. The multipotentiality and self-renewing characteristics of stem cells confer upon them the capability to regenerate lost tissue in ischemic or degenerative conditions as well as trauma. While stem cells have not yet proven to be clinically effective in many such conditions as was once hoped, they have demonstrated some effects that could be manipulated for clinical benefit. The various types of stem cells have similar characteristics, and largely differ in terms of origin; those that have differentiated to some extent may exhibit limited capability in differentiation potential. Stem cells can aid in decreasing lesion size and improving function following brain injury.
基金Supported by Grants NIH T32 GM 08 79201M01 RR 02558+1 种基金Texas Higher Education Coordinating BoardChildren's Memorial Hermann Hospital Foundation
文摘Acute central nervous system(CNS)injuries such as spinal cord injury,traumatic brain injury,autoimmune encephalomyelitis,and ischemic stroke are associ- ated with significant morbidity,mortality,and health care costs worldwide.Preliminary research has shown potential neuroprotection associated with adult tissue derived stem/progenitor cell based therapies.While initial research indicated that engraftment and transdif- ferentiation into neural cells could explain the observed benefit,the exact mechanism remains controversial.A second hypothesis details localized stem/progenitor cell engraftment with alteration of the loco-regional milieu;however,the limited rate of cell engraftment makes this theory less likely.There is a growing amount of pre-clinical data supporting the idea that,after intravenous injection,stem/progenitor cells interact with immuno- logic cells located in organ systems distant to the CNS,thereby altering the systemic immunologic/inflammatory response.Such distant cell"bioreactors"could modulate the observed post-injury pro-inflammatory environment and lead to neuroprotection.In this review,we discuss the current literature detailing the above mechanisms of action for adult stem/progenitor cell based therapies in the CNS.
文摘目的探讨大鼠缺血性脑损伤后骨髓间充质干细胞及外泌体Zeb2基因的表达及意义。方法将18只SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组和模型组各9只,模型组采用右颈内动脉线栓法创建大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,假手术组仅结扎颈内动脉,不阻塞大脑中动脉,造成与模型组同样的手术损伤。根据Bederson方法进行神经行为学评分,并采用RT-PCR和Western blotting方法分别从RNA水平和蛋白水平检测骨髓间充质干细胞及其外泌体、血清外泌体Zeb2的表达。结果与假手术组相比,模型组即缺血再灌注处理后骨髓间充质干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞来源的外泌体、血清外泌体中Zeb2 m RNA、Zeb2蛋白表达水平均呈明显上升趋势,两组差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论大鼠缺血再灌注损伤后会上调骨髓间充质干细胞及外泌体Zeb2基因的表达,Zeb2具有重要的神经保护作用。
