Application and optimization design of non-obstructive particle damping-phononic crystal vibration isolator in viaduct structure-borne noise reduction

The problems associated with vibrations of viaducts and low-frequency structural noise radiation caused by train excitation continue to increase in importance.A new floating-slab track vibration isolator-non-obstructive particle damping-phononic crystal vibration isolator is proposed herein,which uses the particle damping vibration absorption technology and bandgap vibration control theory.The vibration reduction performance of the NOPD-PCVI was analyzed from the perspective of vibration control.The paper explores the structure-borne noise reduction performance of the NOPD-PCVIs installed on different bridge structures under varying service conditions encountered in practical engineering applications.The load transferred to the bridge is obtained from a coupled train-FST-bridge analytical model considering the different structural parameters of bridges.The vibration responses are obtained using the finite element method,while the structural noise radiation is simulated using the frequency-domain boundary element method.Using the particle swarm optimization algorithm,the parameters of the NOPD-PCVI are optimized so that its frequency bandgap matches the dominant bridge structural noise frequency range.The noise reduction performance of the NOPD-PCVIs is compared to the steel-spring isolation under different service conditions.

SOME MECHANISMS OF DRUM BRAKE OSCILLATION AND SQUEAL

Drum brake squeal is usually due to the unstable oscillation excited by the dry friction between the drum and linings. In order to understand the mechanisms of drum brake squeal, a new drum brake dynamics model in closed form is presented for analyzing the modes and stability of drum brake vibration, so as to judge whether a squeal will happen or not. Then, a non contact experimental vibration analysis procedure based on nearfield acoustical holography technique is developed for measuring the operating deflection shape of drum. The measured ODS of drum is nearly the same as the unstable oscillation with the largest real component of eigenvalue among all the complex modes of brake drum.

SMART STRUCTURES USING PIEZOELEMENTS FOR ACTIVE VIBRATION AND NOISE SUPPRESSION IN AVIATION AND AEROSPACE

Smart material and structure (SMS) is a challenging novel technique for the 21 century especially in fields of aviation and aerospace. Vibration and noise suppression smart structure is an important branch of SMS. There are several typical structures such as the cabin of an airplane, space station, the solar board of satellite and the rotor blade of a helicopter, of which the vibrations and radiation noises have bad influences on precise equipments and aiming systems. In order to suppress vibrations and noises of these structures, several algorithms are applied to the models which simulate the structures. Experiments are performed to suppress vibrations and noises by bonding sensors and actuators to the structures at the optimized locations and using computer based measurement and control systems. For the blade vibration control of a helicopter, a non contact method of signal transmission by magneto electric coupling is discussed. The experimental results demonstrate that the methods used for active control are effective.

Acoustic Resonance in Exhaust Gas Economizer Tube Bundles Prediction and Suppression of Resonance

The tendency for air column resonance generation in structures with a constant volume behind a tube array like that of an exhaust gas economizer has been reported, but many points remain unclear with respect to the mechanism and conditions that generate acoustical resonance. When acoustical resonance is generated, in reality, prevention and suppression measures are implemented by inserting a baffle plate into the ducts through a process of trial and error. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of generation of acoustical resonance, and to establish an appropriate measure to prevent such resonance. Noise generated in an exhaust gas economizer was correlated with the flow inside the tube array and experimentally analyzed, and the mechanism for resonance generation was considered. In addition, the effectiveness of a baffle plate positioned in order to prevent resonance was investigated. We have successfully employed a single baffle plate to suppress resonance.

阻尼层敷贴法对钻井振动筛降噪效果的影响

针对钻井振动筛工作噪声问题,提出了在钻井振动筛筛箱侧板敷贴阻尼层以减弱其噪声辐射的方法。通过筛箱振声模型,采用有限元法和模态应变能法对侧板敷贴阻尼前后的振动模态和侧板声辐射进行分析,利用COMSOL进行仿真求解,比较分析了不同材料、不同厚度的阻尼层对筛箱表面噪声辐射的影响。研究表明,表面阻尼结构能减弱噪声辐射;敷贴较硬的材料能对侧板起到一定的振动约束作用;需要根据材料属性选取最佳厚度,达到最佳减振降噪效果。

Characterization of Automotive Brake Discs with Laser-Machined Surfaces

In the automotive and transport industry,braking noise and vibrations are persisting issues and difficult to control.Automo-tive engineers and researchers are putting considerable effort into overcoming these problems,and significant breakthroughs have been made in this area.In this study,M-shaped grooves were bionically designed and manufactured on the frictional surfaces of four automotive brake discs using a laser machine.Various tests were conducted to characterize the physical and mechanical performance of the modified discs along with their noise and vibration responses.The experimental results demonstrate that discs with laser-machined grooved surfaces have better surface hardness and residual stress reduction than discs with un-grooved surfaces.Significant improvement in the braking performance was observed in terms of disc thickness variation,friction and wear,noise,and vibration reduction.It is concluded that the reduction in braking noise and vibrations is mainly caused by the reduction in the coefficient of friction and wear,increase in damping ratio,and improvement of disc thickness variation of the brake disc by laser surface grooving.

木工超薄圆锯片消音缝多目标优化设计

针对超薄圆锯片消音缝设计问题,提出并实施了一种基于MATLAB/ANSYS联合仿真协同非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)的多目标优化设计方法。通过Inspire软件采用变密度法进行拓扑优化,确定消音缝的设计域。构建以消音缝位置、角度及缝宽等形状参数为设计变量,以最大变形量、最大等效应力及整体振幅最小化为目标的多目标优化模型。通过MATLAB/ANSYS联合仿真协同NSGA-Ⅱ的策略,进行模型的优化求解。结果表明:4个优化解均能有效减少锯切过程中锯片的变形和整体振幅,为决策者提供了更广泛的选择空间。研究为圆锯片消音缝的多目标优化设计问题提供了可行的解决方案。

二维复杂弹性空腔的边光滑有限元建模及分析

在弹性空腔结构上敷设被动约束层阻尼(passive constraint layer damping, PCLD)可达到减振降噪的效果,针对这类复杂结构建立了二维复合弹性空腔的边光滑有限元耦合动力学模型。其中,PCLD结构采用两节点四自由度的PCLD梁单元,声场采用边光滑有限元模型。以二维全敷设复合矩形空腔模型为数值算例,以精细网格下的有限元法结果作为参考解,对比研究了在相同背景网格下,边光滑有限元法和有限元法的频响结果,发现前者更接近参考解,说明同样的计算成本下,边光滑有限元法具有更高的精确性,特别是在中频计算中。最后,分析了PCLD结构对某汽车驾驶舱的降噪效果,以及黏弹层和约束层厚度参数的影响规律,发现黏弹层厚度增大,可一定程度上降低空腔噪声,而约束层厚度增大,并不能在整个频段得到很好的降噪效果。

液压柱塞马达的约束阻尼层降噪研究

液压柱塞马达在工作状态下振动噪声剧烈,针对削弱内部声振源和外部壳体结构优化的传统减振降噪方案设计难度大、优化成本高的问题,提出了在液压柱塞马达壳体敷设约束阻尼层的减振降噪方法。进行液压柱塞马达的动力学模型和液压模型耦合仿真,得到液压柱塞马达内部对壳体的振动激励。以振动激励作为载荷,结合强迫响应分析和基于模态声传递向量法的声压仿真,得到马达壳体的模态参与因子和声学板块贡献量,从而精确阻尼层敷设区域。通过对约束阻尼层进行有限元建模分析,研究阻尼层材料参数对振动抑制的影响,选择合适的阻尼层材料。在半消声室内对敷设约束阻尼层前后的液压柱塞马达进行多工况下平均声压级测试。结果表明:在峰值噪声频率下,约束阻尼层能将液压柱塞马达的噪声至少降低2 dB。

地铁矩形隧道减振垫整体道床参数仿真研究

为进一步减小地铁车辆运行产生的环境振动影响,提出一种新型矩形隧道减振方案,该方案在减振垫浮置板的基础上,将减振垫的位置下移至隧道衬砌管片与整体道床之间,增大减振垫的簧上质量,从而提高减振效果。文章结合圆形隧道实测数据,建立并校核圆形隧道普通道床有限元模型,再将隧道截面形式更改为矩形作为矩形隧道普通道床有限元模型,通过改变减振垫的厚度、弹性模量以及密度改变减振垫整体道床的减振效果,最后进行参数优化设计。研究表明:①减振垫整体道床相对于既有轨道减振产品具备更好的减振效果,且安全性指标距离标准限值均有较大余量;②减振效果与减振垫厚度成正比,与减振垫的弹性模量成反比,与减振垫的密度关系较小。

某纯电动车电液制动系统振动噪声问题的测试分析与改进

随着汽车电动化、智能化和无人驾驶技术的深入发展,线控制动技术被大量广泛地应用于新能源纯电动车型,而市场用户对制动过程的舒适性要求越来越高。因此,如何快速解决整车的制动NVH问题,如何提高线控制动系统的集成水平,这是困扰目前新能源汽车制动系统设计开发的技术难题。以某纯电动汽车制动踏板抖动与异响问题为研究背景,系统地阐述测试排查过程,识别分析出潜在的激励源与传动路径;探讨液压系统产生流致振动噪声的潜在机理,提出具体的工程控制方法;并通过制动能量回收策略方法的优化,通过实车驾评和测试验证该措施方案的有效性。研究成果对于提升新能源汽车制动NVH问题的解决能力和正向集成开发有着较重要的工程指导价值。

声学黑洞铝型材板结构减振特性仿真研究

声学黑洞(Acoustic Black Hole,ABH)技术作为一种新型高效的能量聚焦以及振动控制技术,在减振降噪方面具有很好应用潜力。铝型材板结构作为一种夹层结构,具有高比刚度和高比强度等优异轻量化特性,广泛应用于列车外地板、船舶、航空航天等领域中。为了探究ABH和铝型材板结构相结合后是否还具有典型的ABH效应,运用有限元数值模拟方法研究嵌入式ABH铝型材板结构的振动能量聚焦特性。对于频点和频带聚焦特性分析结果表明,在铝型材板结构中嵌入ABH特征结构可以起到显著振动能量聚焦效果。此外,根据聚焦特性分析结果,在ABH铝型材板结构中的ABH特定区域内敷设阻尼材料,并通过仿真计算验证了其减振特性。结果表明,由ABH铝型材板结构附加阻尼材料所得的组合结构振动水平显著低于普通铝型材板结构,部分频率下振动衰减高达52.6 dB。这为轨道交通领域提供了一种很有应用潜力的结构减振降噪新思路。

闸片沟槽织构对盘式制动尖叫的影响

为研究制动闸片沟槽织构对盘式制动系统制动尖叫的影响,基于摩擦自激振动理论,建立盘式制动系统普通闸片和沟槽闸片有限元模型,采用复特征值分析法研究该盘式制动系统的摩擦自激振动特性。利用该有限元模型开展沟槽的宽度和深度的参数化分析,获得其对制动尖叫的影响规律。结果表明:制动闸片与制动盘间的摩擦自激振动是导致制动尖叫发生的主要原因,沟槽型闸片对抑制制动尖叫具有明显效果;当闸片沟槽深度在5~20 mm区间内,盘式制动系统的稳定性随沟槽深度的增大而呈现逐渐降低的趋势,表明沟槽深度越小,发生摩擦自激振动的可能性越小;在沟槽宽度5~20 mm范围内,随沟槽宽度的增大,盘式制动系统的稳定性先增大后降低,在沟槽宽度为10 mm时,系统发生制动噪声的可能达到最大。

新型非牛顿流体减振器对滚筒洗衣机减振降噪效果的研究

滚筒洗衣机通常采用的摩擦式减振器在低载荷高频脱水时减振效果不理想,导致了洗衣机机壳产生了剧烈振动。针对这一问题,该文提出了一种新型非牛顿流体变阻尼减振器,基于非牛顿流体剪切稀化特性和阻尼器孔内一维黏性流动方程研究了其对洗衣机运行时的振动抑制效果及物理机制。相对传统的固态摩擦式减振器,非牛顿流体具有明显的剪切稀化特性,使得在高频工况下非牛顿流体变阻尼减振器的输出阻尼力显著减小,克服了传统减振器高频表观弹性系数增大的缺陷。系统研究了不同结构参数的减振器对洗衣机低负载偏心运行下的减振作用,证明了较小的间隙高度更有利于振动能量的耗散,适当增大非牛顿流体的黏度或增加阻尼头的数量可以增强振动抑制效果,同时也可以起到良好的降噪功效。结果表明,通过合理的阻尼结构设计与非牛顿流体配比,变阻尼减振器可以对洗衣机整个洗涤过程尤其是高频甩干环节产生良好的减振效果,加速度衰减比最高可达83.49%,能量衰减了98.44%,噪音降低了10.38 dB。

装配式机房“箱式”模块施工中消声减震的措施

装配式机房在爆发式增长的同时未能改善噪声对于人员的伤害及环境的污染,为营造高质量居住和生活环境,分析了装配式机房产生噪声的原因,并制定消声减震的措施。

某电动牙刷振动噪声仿真

为提高电动牙刷产品的噪声性能,对振动噪声进行理论设计,应用振动噪声仿真技术对电动牙刷进行模态、振动、辐射噪声的仿真评估,为产品设计优化提供参考。在理论设计中对激励源进行有效的隔振降噪处理,模态仿真结果表明壳体模态与电机激励模态进行了隔离,振动仿真结果表明电动牙刷手持振动感觉较好,噪声仿真结果说明该款产品噪声小于对标产品的辐射噪声。试验结果验证仿真方法的准确性和有效性。

室外设备噪音综合治理——阻尼减振降噪措施

现代建筑通常存在如空调排风机组、冷却塔等室外设备。城市建筑高低错落,密度较大,随着人们环保及保持舒适的意识增高,建筑噪音综合治理工作普遍出现,新建项目在建设过程中就直接考虑了室外设备噪音综合治理的办法与措施。本文结合噪音综合治理的施工情况及过程,选取具有代表性的案例对室外设备噪音综合治理施工过程进行介绍与总结。

非阻塞性颗粒阻尼在窄机身锚钻机器人上的应用研究

窄机身锚钻机器人锚钻作业时,在不同工作角度均会受到复杂载荷的动态激励,期间必然产生结构振动与工作噪声,这不仅影响到整机工作的稳定性和设备的可靠性,也造成了一定的噪声污染。因此有必要明确可能产生较大影响的作业角度,针对工作主体结构作业时的动力学特性展开系统的研究,进而探讨非阻塞性颗粒阻尼技术在该结构上的有效应用,实现减振降噪的基本目标。

新能源驱动压缩机的噪声与振动控制技术研究

本文探讨了针对新能源驱动压缩机的噪声与振动控制技术的最新进展。随着可持续能源解决方案的日益重要,新能源驱动压缩机在各个领域中的应用逐渐增多。这些压缩机往往存在噪声和振动方面的问题。本文总结了应对新能源驱动压缩机噪声和振动问题的关键策略和技术。研究涵盖了源头识别、分析方法和创新减震技术等多个方面。通过解决这些问题,有助于提高各个行业中新能源驱动压缩机的性能和可接受性。

船用基座阻尼板敷设工艺减振降噪效果分析

以降低船用基座辐射噪声为研究背景,选取某型船用基座阻尼板为研究对象,研究不同敷设工艺参数条件下的阻尼板减振降噪效果。采用模态测试方式对不同贴合率、不同厚度和不同规格的阻尼板减振降噪效果进行传递函数测试,为实船基座阻尼板敷设工艺的改进提供支撑。