采集我国15个省份的耕作土壤进行盆栽试验,通过外源添加不同浓度梯度的Pb并种植小白菜,比较梯度薄膜扩散技术(Diffusive gradients in thin-films,DGT)与传统化学方法(土壤溶液法、EDTA法、HAc法、CaCl_2法和全量法)评价土壤中Pb生物有...采集我国15个省份的耕作土壤进行盆栽试验,通过外源添加不同浓度梯度的Pb并种植小白菜,比较梯度薄膜扩散技术(Diffusive gradients in thin-films,DGT)与传统化学方法(土壤溶液法、EDTA法、HAc法、CaCl_2法和全量法)评价土壤中Pb生物有效性。简单回归分析表明,各评价方法测定的土壤Pb含量与小白菜Pb含量都呈显著相关关系,但DGT技术相关性(R^2=0.97)最高。通过逐步多元线性回归分析,融合土壤pH值、有机碳(OC)含量、阳离子交换量(CEC)、粘粒含量等土壤基本理化性质,建立多元回归模型,结果表明:各传统评价方法融合了pH值、OC含量等土壤性质,R^2较对应的简单回归分析有所提高,都能用于评价土壤Pb的生物有效性,但通过DGT技术所构建的模型方程(R^2=0.97,p<0.01)几乎不受土壤性质的影响,且较传统化学方法相关性更高,因此,DGT技术是一种可以用于评价土壤中Pb生物性的较优方法。展开更多
Seven inorganic amendment materials were added into arsenic （As） contaminated soil at a rate of 0.5% （w/w）; the materials used were sepiolite, red mud, iron grit, phosphogypsum, ferrihydrite, iron phosphate, and l...Seven inorganic amendment materials were added into arsenic （As） contaminated soil at a rate of 0.5% （w/w）; the materials used were sepiolite, red mud, iron grit, phosphogypsum, ferrihydrite, iron phosphate, and layered double oxides （LDO）. Plant growth trials using rape （edible rape, Brassia campestris L.） as a bio-indicator are commonly used to assess As bio- availability in soils. In this study, B. campestris was grown in a contaminated soil for 50 days. All of the inorganic amend- ments significantly inhibited the uptake of As by B. campestris. Following soil treatment with the seven aforementioned inorganic ammendments, the As concentrations in the edible parts of B. campestris were reduced by 28.6, 10.5, 8.7, 31.0, 47.4, 25.3, and 28.8%, respectively, as compared with the plants grown in control soil. The most effective amendment was ferdhydrite, which reduced As concentration in B. campestris from 1.84 to 0.97 mg kg-~, compared to control. Furthermore, ferrihydrite-treated soils had a remarkable decrease in both non-specifically sorbed As and available-As by 67 and 20%, respectively, comparing to control. Phosphogypsum was the most cost-effective amendment and it showed excellent performance in reducing the water soluble As in soils by 31% and inhibiting As uptake in B. campestris by 21% comparing to control. Additionally, obvious differences in As transfer rates were observed in the various amendments. The seven amendment materials used in this study all showed potential reduction of As bioavailability and influence on plant growth and other biological processes still need to be further explored in the long term.展开更多
文摘采集我国15个省份的耕作土壤进行盆栽试验,通过外源添加不同浓度梯度的Pb并种植小白菜,比较梯度薄膜扩散技术(Diffusive gradients in thin-films,DGT)与传统化学方法(土壤溶液法、EDTA法、HAc法、CaCl_2法和全量法)评价土壤中Pb生物有效性。简单回归分析表明,各评价方法测定的土壤Pb含量与小白菜Pb含量都呈显著相关关系,但DGT技术相关性(R^2=0.97)最高。通过逐步多元线性回归分析,融合土壤pH值、有机碳(OC)含量、阳离子交换量(CEC)、粘粒含量等土壤基本理化性质,建立多元回归模型,结果表明:各传统评价方法融合了pH值、OC含量等土壤性质,R^2较对应的简单回归分析有所提高,都能用于评价土壤Pb的生物有效性,但通过DGT技术所构建的模型方程(R^2=0.97,p<0.01)几乎不受土壤性质的影响,且较传统化学方法相关性更高,因此,DGT技术是一种可以用于评价土壤中Pb生物性的较优方法。
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171255)the National Scientific and Technology Program during 12th Five-Year Plan period, China (2012BAD14B02)
文摘Seven inorganic amendment materials were added into arsenic （As） contaminated soil at a rate of 0.5% （w/w）; the materials used were sepiolite, red mud, iron grit, phosphogypsum, ferrihydrite, iron phosphate, and layered double oxides （LDO）. Plant growth trials using rape （edible rape, Brassia campestris L.） as a bio-indicator are commonly used to assess As bio- availability in soils. In this study, B. campestris was grown in a contaminated soil for 50 days. All of the inorganic amend- ments significantly inhibited the uptake of As by B. campestris. Following soil treatment with the seven aforementioned inorganic ammendments, the As concentrations in the edible parts of B. campestris were reduced by 28.6, 10.5, 8.7, 31.0, 47.4, 25.3, and 28.8%, respectively, as compared with the plants grown in control soil. The most effective amendment was ferdhydrite, which reduced As concentration in B. campestris from 1.84 to 0.97 mg kg-~, compared to control. Furthermore, ferrihydrite-treated soils had a remarkable decrease in both non-specifically sorbed As and available-As by 67 and 20%, respectively, comparing to control. Phosphogypsum was the most cost-effective amendment and it showed excellent performance in reducing the water soluble As in soils by 31% and inhibiting As uptake in B. campestris by 21% comparing to control. Additionally, obvious differences in As transfer rates were observed in the various amendments. The seven amendment materials used in this study all showed potential reduction of As bioavailability and influence on plant growth and other biological processes still need to be further explored in the long term.
