铬胁迫对青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)植物螯合肽含量及抗氧化特性的影响

选用不同耐铬胁迫青菜品种春油1号和青伏令,采用不同浓度Cr3+处理,测定青菜抗氧化酶活性及植物螯合肽含量等生理指标。结果表明,随着Cr3+处理浓度升高,两种青菜叶片抗氧化酶活性、酸溶性SH、植物螯合肽(PCs)及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均呈增加趋势(P<0.05),高浓度Cr3(+300 mg.L-1)处理下,耐铬胁迫较弱的青伏令叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性分别比对照增加了24.2%、41.7%、21.4%,耐铬胁迫较强的春油1号分别比对照增加了37.2%、70.7%、43.0%,并且PCs含量是对照的3.17倍,明显高于耐铬胁迫较弱品种青伏令(1.71倍)。Cr3+处理下耐铬胁迫较强的青菜品种春油1号表现出相对较高的抗氧化酶活力及非酶物质含量,不同品种青菜对铬胁迫的生理差异较大。

铜、锌污染对水稻土中油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长的影响及累积效应研究

通过盆栽试验,系统研究了Cu、Zn重金属污染对油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长、SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖及Cu、Zn在油菜体内吸收富集的影响。结果表明:Cu、Zn污染对油菜生物量和生理生化指标(SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性糖)均有影响。随着Cu、Zn质量分数的升高,植株干物重和SOD保护酶活性表现为先增后降;当Cu质量分数达到1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降36.79%、66.67%;当Zn质量分数达到3 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降55.21%、82.05%。Cu污染下,油菜叶片脯氨酸质量分数逐渐下降,总可溶性糖质量分数表现为先增后降;Zn污染下,脯氨酸和总可溶性糖质量分数均表现为先增后降。Cu、Zn污染使油菜幼苗叶片及根中的Cu、Zn质量分数明显增加,根部的积累尤其明显。当Cu处理为1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为57.6、424.162 mg?kg-1;当Zn处理为1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为240、608.54 mg?kg-1。与Zn相比,Cu主要积累在油菜的根部,向茎叶迁移累积的量很少,并且随着添加质量分数的增加,茎叶吸收Cu的量变化不大。总之,重金属Zn相对于Cu更容易积累于油菜的地上部分,从而更易进入食物链,它们在油菜体内富集都对其生理生化和营养产生了明显毒害作用。

The Effect of the Novel "light fertilizer" on the Environment Factor in High Tunnel and Growth of Brassica Chinensis

[Objective] The aim was to study the properties of novel ＂light fertilizer＂, photo-conversion film, in order to evaluate its effect on the environmental factors and morphogenetic process of crops in the high tunnel. [Method] Photo-conversion film and Iongevous anti-dropping film were compared in terms of light, air and soil temperature utilizing the Facilities of leafy agriculture high tunnel intelligent monitoring system. Verifying the results by farmland experiment. [Result] Photo- conversion film indeed improved the light quality of high tunnel compared with the Iongevous anti- dripping film. The air and soil temperature was raised several degrees. Results of farmland experiment show that the average value of brassica chinensis fresh weight increased 19.15% compared to the control. [Conclusion] Photo-conversion film promotes more crop growth than Iongevous anti-dropping film due to improvement of light quality, air and soil temperature.

Protective Effects of Glycinebetaine on Brassica chinensis Under Salt Stress

Brassica chinensis L. were foliarly applied with glycinebetaine (GB), as this species is unable to synthesis GB and sensitive to osmotic stress such as salt. The exogenous GB was easily absorbed and transported by the leaf of B. chinensis . Its application (0-20 mmol/L) enhanced the plant tolerance to salt stress. The treatment of 15 mmol/L GB significantly decreased the Na + accumulation in leaf and root under NaCl stress. This difference in accumulating Na + and K + is caused by higher selectivity of root absorption. Furthermore, GB increased H +_ATPase activity of root plasma membrane evidently. This result strongly suggested that in root the decreased Na + accumulation was caused by the GB accumulation that enhanced the extrusion of Na + from the cell in some way through plasma membrane transporter, e.g. Na +/H + antiport driven by H +_ATPase. The GB application was also found to stabilize the plasma membrane, to decrease the loss of chlorophyll, and to stimulate the osmosis induced proline response under salt stress.

沼液对无土栽培小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)产量及品质的影响初探

无土栽培条件下,初步研究了沼液和化学肥料组合施用对小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)产量及品质的影响。结果表明,当所施用的沼液营养液肥配方为每升沼液营养液肥中含沼液250 mL,配入3.0g尿素、2.7 g磷酸二氢钾、1.1 g氯化钙、2.5 g硫酸镁和2 mL微量元素储备液(处理3),小白菜产量最高,为10.6克/株,而且,与单纯施用化学肥料营养液(对照)相比,小白菜品质指标硝氮、Vc、可溶性糖及叶绿素含量并没有下降。生产中,合理利用沼液栽培小白菜,对提高其产量和品质有积极的作用。

Research Progress of Heat-tolerance of Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis

Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, also known as non-heading Chinese cabbage, is an important vegetable widely distributed in southern China. High temperature is the most common adversity factor in vegetable production, because Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis is a thermophilic vegetable, which can＇t well grow at high temperature. In summer and autumn, high temperature stress would prevent Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis from growing and result in poor quality of its seedlings, seriously influencing yield and quality of the vegetable in later period. In this paper, present situation and latest advances in heat resistance research of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis in recent years were reviewed at home and abroad. The research tendency in Bassica campestris ssp. chinensis was also described, providing reference for breeding of heat-resistant Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis.

鸡毛菜(Brassica rapa L.Chinensis Group.)的颜色变化动力学及两种货架期预测方法

实验测定了贮藏在278、283、288、293K四个温度下的鸡毛菜的颜色参数L*、-a*、b*、△E、h*和感官评价,并对L*和△E进行了动力学分析。结果表明,在实验温度范围内,鸡毛菜储藏的温度越低,颜色参数变化越慢。动力学分析显示,零级动力学比一级动力学更适合表现鸡毛菜L*和△E的变化规律。研究还采用Arrhenius方程对颜色变化速率常数k和温度T进行非线性拟合,得到L*和△E活化能Ea分别为82.09kJ/mol和100.26kJ/mol。最后得到依赖于时间、温度和颜色指标的鸡毛菜货架期预测方程(R2>0.95),从中根据不同的L*和△E终点可得到对应的货架期。就本研究而言,假定L*增加12%为终点时,鸡毛菜在四个温度下的预测货架期分别为11.8、5.5、2.6、1.3d。同时,Arrhenius方程与依赖于感官终点的动态颜色终点拟合方程结合预测的货架期曲线与感官寿命曲线则能得到更好的契合(两者绝对差值小于0.6d),两者结合能得到较为全面的货架期预测参数。

Effect of Combined Use of Boron and Manganese Fertilizers on the Nutritional Quality and Physiological Indices of Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis L.var.utilis

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of com-bined use of boron and manganese fertilizers on the nutritional quality and physio-logical indices of Brassica campestris. [Method] In the nutrient solutions for growing B. campestris by hydroponics, boric acid and manganese sulfate were added at 0.5, 2.5, and 7.5 mg/L respectively. Another treatment without boron and manganese was prepared as the control. Quality and physiological indices of B. campestris in the 10 treatments were measured. [Result] Boron and manganese shared obvious in-teraction in improving the quality and physiological indices of B. campestris. To cul-tivate B. campestris with high quality and strong resistance, the optimum concentra-tions of boron and manganese in the nutrient solution should be 2.5 mg/L boric acid and 2.5-7.5 mg/L manganese sulfate. [Conclusion] The findings wil provide refer-ence for studying effects of trace elements on nutrient composition of vegetables.

Genetic Inheritance and Molecular Marker of Clubroot Resistance Genes in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis

Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the genetic inheritance of clubroot resistance in Chinese non-heading cabbage （Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis）. [Method] The clubroot resistance gene was introduced from a Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis cultivar to non-heading Chinese cabbage, and the inheri-tance and molecular markers of clubroot resistance gene in parental lines, F1, F2 and BC1 of non-heading Chinese cabbage were studied through pathogen inoculation at seedling stage and ISSR-PCR. [Result] Clubroot resistance in non-heading Chi-nese cabbage was control ed by a single dominant gene. ISSR molecular markers with Bulk segregant analysis （BSA） found that primer-873 was linked to resistance gene, named CR-873, and the genetic distance between the marker and the resis-tance gene was 9.72 cM. [Conclusion] The results provide references for the molecular marker assisted breeding of non-heading Chinese cabbage.

The influence of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation in selenium-enriched Brassica napus L.:changes in the nutritional constituents,bioactivities and bioaccessibility

Selenium(Se)-enriched Brassica napus L.is a valuable organic Se supplement.In this study,the fermentation broth enriched with organic Se(FFS)was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum to ferment the substrate of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.Significant increases were observed after fermentation in total sugars,reducing sugars,soluble proteins,total phenolic content(TPC),and total flavonoid content(TFC).The organic Se was retained at a concentration of 54.75 mg/g in the freeze-dried sample.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed good separation between the FFS and unfermented(FS)groups.Fragrant 2-ethyloxetane had the highest content among all volatiles,while sinapine had the highest content among all phenolic compounds.The fermentation process showed remarkable improvement in the abundance and concentration of volatile compounds and phenolic contents,making FFS exhibit strong antioxidant activity and inhibitory capacity againstα-glucosidase activity.The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was significantly greater in FFS compared to FS.ADMET analysis revealed that the majority of phenolic compounds contained in FFS did not exhibit mutagenicity toxicity,hepatotoxicity,skin sensitization,or blood-brain barrier penetration,indicating a favorable level of biosafety.Overall,our study provides a new insight into the further utilization of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.in foods.

Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Spraying at Seedling Stage on the Growth Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Brassica napus L.

In order to select a suitable foliar fertilizer for Brassica napus L.at the seedling stage,using‘Fengyou 958’as the material,different foliar fertilizers including BR,Se,Si,BR+Si,BR+Se,Se+Si and BR+Se+Si were sprayed at the seedling stage to study their effect on the physiological characteristics,growth and yield of Brassica napus L..The results showed that the growth,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,and yield of different treatments at the budding stage improved compared with the control.The effect of the Si+Se treatment was the best,followed by the Se and Si treatments.The chlorophyll content of the flower decreased continuously during the whole flowering period,and the chlorophyll content of the mature silique peel was higher than that of the seed.The content of soluble sugar in flowers was the highest in the early flowering stage,and the content of soluble sugar in leaves at the flowering stage was higher than that at the budding stage.The soluble sugar content in the harvested silique peel decreased gradually with the increase of time,and that in the silique peel and seed was similar at 35 d after pollination.The soluble protein content in the silique peel and seed decreased gradually at the mature stage,and the soluble protein content in the silique peel was higher than that in the seed at the same stage.Si+Se foliar fertilizer spraying at the seedling stage can promote the growth and yield of Brassica napus L.and can be applied in Brassica napus L.production.

Development of a KASP Marker on Chromosome A05 for Seed Oil Content of Brassica napus

In order to identify the molecular markers that can be widely used in the breeding of Brassica napus L.varieties with high seed oil content under different genetic backgrounds,we developed a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker for seed oil content on the basis of the results from available studies.The verification in the F_(2) population showed that the marker was closely linked to the quantitative trait locus(QTL)for oil content on chromosome A05.The findings helped to breed the‘Fengyou’varieties with high seed oil content in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

Genotypic Diversity Affects Age Structure of Tiller and Rhizome of Leymus chinensis Population,But Not Age Structure of Bud

The effect of genotypic diversity on the age structure and bud bank of the Leymus chinensis population has not yet been demonstrated.This experiment was designed to study the age structure of the tiller,rhizome,and bud of L.chinensis at genotypic diversity levels of 1,2,4,8,and 12.A total of 64 communities were established in this experiment,following the principle of randomized block experimental design.The results indicated that genotypic diversity had a significant or obviously significant effect on the cumulative length of rhizomes of 2a and 4a,dry matter accumulation of rhizomes of 1a and 2a,tiller number of 1a,tiller productivity of 3a,but had no significant effect age structure of buds.As the levels of genotypic diversity increased,the proportion of the cumulative length of rhizomes with 4a decreased and then increased,and dry matter accumulation of rhizomes with 1a and 2a gradually increased while the number of tillers with 1a gradually decreased,when the gradient of genotypic diversity increased.At the 1,2,4,8,and 12 genotype diversity levels,the number of tillers,the cumulative length of rhizomes,and dry matter accumulation in rhizomes and buds were all age structures of expanding type.However,tiller productivity was an expanding or stable age structure at levels of 1,2,4,8 genotypic diversity,while it was a declining age structure at the 12 genotype diversity gradient.An appropriate genotypic diversity is conducive to maintaining the growth and stability of the age structure of L.chinensis population,but too high a gradient of genotypic diversity can have a negative impact on the population age structure.This study provided that an appropriate number of genotypic diversity contributes to the stability of the population.

Effects of field application of phosphate fertilizers on the availability and uptake of lead, zinc and cadmium by cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in a mining tailing contaminated soil

A field trial was conducted to evaluate the reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in a soil contaminated by mining tailings in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China. Three commercial phosphate (P) fertilizers including phosphate rock (PR), calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), and single superphosphate (SSP) were applied to the plot at three P application rates, 50, 300, and 500 g/m2 with 9 treatments and control (CK). Plants, water soluble and exchangeable (WE) extra...

Role of nitrification inhibitor DMPP(3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) in NO^-_3-N accumulation in greengrocery( Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis ) and vegetable soil

The influence of nitrification inhibitor(NI) 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP) on nitrate accumulation in greengrocery( Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis ) and vegetable soil at surface layer were investigated in field experiments in 2002 and 2003 Results showed that NI DMPP took no significant effect on yields of edible parts of greengrocery, but it could significantly decrease NO - 3 N concentration in greengrocery and in vegetable soil at surface layer. In addition, NI DMPP could reduce the NO - 3 N concentration during the prophase stage of storage.

Cow manure and cow manure-derived biochar application as a soil amendment for reducing cadmium availability and accumulation by Brassica chinensis L. in acidic red soil

Organic amendment is a promising,in situ phytostabilization approach to alleviate the phytotoxic effects of heavy metal contaminated soils.The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of cow manure（CM）and its derived biochar（CMB）as a soil amendment on cadmium（Cd）availability and accumulation in low and high Cd-accumulating cultivars of Brassica chinensis L.grown in an acidic red soil.CM and CMB were applied to Cd-contaminated acidic red soil at the rates of 0,3.0and 6.0%（w/w）.Application of CMB was significantly more effective than that of CM,as it reduced the availability of Cd in soil by 34.3–69.9%and its bioaccumulation in the low Cd accumulator,Aijiaoheiye 333,by 51.2 and 67.4%,respectively.The addition of CMB significantly increased the extractability and accumulation of trace metals（Zn,Mn,Fe,and Cu）by plants and improved plant biomass production.CMB application,combined with utilizing low Cd accumulating cultivars represents a new,sustainable strategy to alleviate the toxic effects on Cd and improve food safety.

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur Supply on Glucosinolates in Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis

Glucosinolates （GSs） are a group of plant secondary metabolites containing abundant nitrogen （N） and sulfur （S） mainly in Brassica and have the beneficial effects on human health including anti-carcinogenic, cholesterol-reducing and other pharmacological effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of N （5, 10, and 20 mmol L-a, denoted by N5, N10 and N20） and S （0,5, 1, and 2 mmol L^-1, denoted by S0.5, S1 and S2） on the yield and GSs in pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. communis） in hydroponics. Results showed that N10 and N20 significantly enhanced the yield compared with N5, however, N20 had a negative effect relative to N10. Only with N10 and N20 low S supply （S0.5） reduced the yield. The concentrations of aliphatic GSs, aromatic GS and total GSs were enhanced by N5 and indolyl GSs were enhanced by N20. S2 enhanced the concentration of individual GS and total GSs. The concentrations of indolyl GSs were maximized in N20S2 treatment, whereas the highest concentrations of aliphatic GSs, aromatic GS and total GSs were found in N5S2 treatment. Effects of N and S on aliphatic GSs were higher than on indolyl GSs. The results suggest that the accumulation of aliphatic GSs and aromatic GS could be enhanced by low N and high S and restricted by high N while that of indolyl GSs could be enhanced by high N and high S.

Differential Expression Analysis of Genie Male Sterility A/B Lines in Chinese Cabbage-Pak-Choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino)

To determine differential expression of genie male sterility A/B lines in Chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee), we used the RNA fingerprinting technique, cDNA-AFLP analysis, in different developmental stages and different tissues. While no obvious differential expressions were observed in rosette leaves, florescence leaves, and scapes, some differential expressions were found in alabstrums of A/B lines and among leaves, scapes and alabstrums. We analyzed the al-abstrums collected in different developmental stages with 10 primer combinations. We got a unique band between middle size alabstrums and large alabstrums in B line in one of the ten pair primers, and in another one pair, one band reflecting a higher gene-expression level in A line than that in B line was obtained. No unique bands were found with the other primer combinations. The bands reflecting different gene-expression level were confirmed by Northern hybridization. The results indicated that cDNA-AFLP was a suitable tool for studying differential expression of genie male sterility in plants. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of soluble proteins further verified the difference in A/B lines.

Effect of the Antisense BcMF12 Driven by the BcA9 Promoter on Gene Silencing in Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis

The study analyzed the silencing of BcMF12 gene regulated by BcA9 promoter in the transgenic pakchoi and confirmed the effect of antisense BcMF12 gene on the pollen development. A conserved BcMF12 gene fragment was amplified from the cDNA of flower buds in pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis, syn. B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis） and was fused to the anther specific BcA9 promoter. The plant antisense expression vector was constructed and then introduced into pakchoi via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were screened by antibiotics and molecular analysis. PCR and Southern blot revealed that the antisense BcMF12-GUS fusion gene regulated by BcA9 promoter was integrated into transgenic plants. Northern blot suggested that the expression of BcMF12 gene was down-regulated significantly. The pollen germination rate of transgenic plants with antisense BcMF12 gene decreased as compared with that of the control plants. The expression of the gene BcMF12 related to the pollen development was inhibited by the antisense BcMF12 driven by BcA9 promoter, which consequently affected the pollen development in pakchoi.

Preliminary Study on Tissue Culture Technique of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino var. utilis

In order to establish a rapid propagation system for Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis, the anther and cotyledon-cotyledonary petioles were used as explants to conduct tissue culture research. The results showed that not bloomed flower buds with higher styles than petals were appropriate for anther cul- ture. Moreover, most microspores were at the mid-late uninucleate stage at that time. The pollen germination rates of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. u- tills were low and the germination rates in autumn and winter were higher than that in summer. The induction medium of anther callus of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis was MS＋1.0 mg/L KT＋1.0 mg/L 2, 4-D＋3% sugar＋6 g/L agar＋ 8% coconut milk and the induction media of adventitious bud were MS＋2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋ 0.5 mg/L NAA＋I.0 g/L activated carbon＋2% sugar＋6 g/L agar or MS＋2.0 mg/L ZT＋ 0.5 mg/L IAA＋0.5 g/L AgNO3＋1.0 g/L activated carbon＋2% sugar＋6 g/L agar. The induction percentage of adventitious bud by anther culture was 36.7%. Browning phenomenon appeared during the culture of adventitious bud and regeneration plant could not be formed. The plant regeneration rate reached 80% when cotyledon- cotyledonary petioles were used as explant.