铬胁迫对青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)植物螯合肽含量及抗氧化特性的影响

选用不同耐铬胁迫青菜品种春油1号和青伏令,采用不同浓度Cr3+处理,测定青菜抗氧化酶活性及植物螯合肽含量等生理指标。结果表明,随着Cr3+处理浓度升高,两种青菜叶片抗氧化酶活性、酸溶性SH、植物螯合肽(PCs)及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均呈增加趋势(P<0.05),高浓度Cr3(+300 mg.L-1)处理下,耐铬胁迫较弱的青伏令叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性分别比对照增加了24.2%、41.7%、21.4%,耐铬胁迫较强的春油1号分别比对照增加了37.2%、70.7%、43.0%,并且PCs含量是对照的3.17倍,明显高于耐铬胁迫较弱品种青伏令(1.71倍)。Cr3+处理下耐铬胁迫较强的青菜品种春油1号表现出相对较高的抗氧化酶活力及非酶物质含量,不同品种青菜对铬胁迫的生理差异较大。

铜、锌污染对水稻土中油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长的影响及累积效应研究

通过盆栽试验,系统研究了Cu、Zn重金属污染对油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长、SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖及Cu、Zn在油菜体内吸收富集的影响。结果表明:Cu、Zn污染对油菜生物量和生理生化指标(SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性糖)均有影响。随着Cu、Zn质量分数的升高,植株干物重和SOD保护酶活性表现为先增后降;当Cu质量分数达到1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降36.79%、66.67%;当Zn质量分数达到3 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降55.21%、82.05%。Cu污染下,油菜叶片脯氨酸质量分数逐渐下降,总可溶性糖质量分数表现为先增后降;Zn污染下,脯氨酸和总可溶性糖质量分数均表现为先增后降。Cu、Zn污染使油菜幼苗叶片及根中的Cu、Zn质量分数明显增加,根部的积累尤其明显。当Cu处理为1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为57.6、424.162 mg?kg-1;当Zn处理为1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为240、608.54 mg?kg-1。与Zn相比,Cu主要积累在油菜的根部,向茎叶迁移累积的量很少,并且随着添加质量分数的增加,茎叶吸收Cu的量变化不大。总之,重金属Zn相对于Cu更容易积累于油菜的地上部分,从而更易进入食物链,它们在油菜体内富集都对其生理生化和营养产生了明显毒害作用。

沼液对无土栽培小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)产量及品质的影响初探

无土栽培条件下,初步研究了沼液和化学肥料组合施用对小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)产量及品质的影响。结果表明,当所施用的沼液营养液肥配方为每升沼液营养液肥中含沼液250 mL,配入3.0g尿素、2.7 g磷酸二氢钾、1.1 g氯化钙、2.5 g硫酸镁和2 mL微量元素储备液(处理3),小白菜产量最高,为10.6克/株,而且,与单纯施用化学肥料营养液(对照)相比,小白菜品质指标硝氮、Vc、可溶性糖及叶绿素含量并没有下降。生产中,合理利用沼液栽培小白菜,对提高其产量和品质有积极的作用。

鸡毛菜(Brassica rapa L.Chinensis Group.)的颜色变化动力学及两种货架期预测方法

实验测定了贮藏在278、283、288、293K四个温度下的鸡毛菜的颜色参数L*、-a*、b*、△E、h*和感官评价,并对L*和△E进行了动力学分析。结果表明,在实验温度范围内,鸡毛菜储藏的温度越低,颜色参数变化越慢。动力学分析显示,零级动力学比一级动力学更适合表现鸡毛菜L*和△E的变化规律。研究还采用Arrhenius方程对颜色变化速率常数k和温度T进行非线性拟合,得到L*和△E活化能Ea分别为82.09kJ/mol和100.26kJ/mol。最后得到依赖于时间、温度和颜色指标的鸡毛菜货架期预测方程(R2>0.95),从中根据不同的L*和△E终点可得到对应的货架期。就本研究而言,假定L*增加12%为终点时,鸡毛菜在四个温度下的预测货架期分别为11.8、5.5、2.6、1.3d。同时,Arrhenius方程与依赖于感官终点的动态颜色终点拟合方程结合预测的货架期曲线与感官寿命曲线则能得到更好的契合(两者绝对差值小于0.6d),两者结合能得到较为全面的货架期预测参数。

The influence of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation in selenium-enriched Brassica napus L.:changes in the nutritional constituents,bioactivities and bioaccessibility

Selenium(Se)-enriched Brassica napus L.is a valuable organic Se supplement.In this study,the fermentation broth enriched with organic Se(FFS)was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum to ferment the substrate of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.Significant increases were observed after fermentation in total sugars,reducing sugars,soluble proteins,total phenolic content(TPC),and total flavonoid content(TFC).The organic Se was retained at a concentration of 54.75 mg/g in the freeze-dried sample.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed good separation between the FFS and unfermented(FS)groups.Fragrant 2-ethyloxetane had the highest content among all volatiles,while sinapine had the highest content among all phenolic compounds.The fermentation process showed remarkable improvement in the abundance and concentration of volatile compounds and phenolic contents,making FFS exhibit strong antioxidant activity and inhibitory capacity againstα-glucosidase activity.The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was significantly greater in FFS compared to FS.ADMET analysis revealed that the majority of phenolic compounds contained in FFS did not exhibit mutagenicity toxicity,hepatotoxicity,skin sensitization,or blood-brain barrier penetration,indicating a favorable level of biosafety.Overall,our study provides a new insight into the further utilization of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.in foods.

Genotypic Diversity Affects Age Structure of Tiller and Rhizome of Leymus chinensis Population,But Not Age Structure of Bud

The effect of genotypic diversity on the age structure and bud bank of the Leymus chinensis population has not yet been demonstrated.This experiment was designed to study the age structure of the tiller,rhizome,and bud of L.chinensis at genotypic diversity levels of 1,2,4,8,and 12.A total of 64 communities were established in this experiment,following the principle of randomized block experimental design.The results indicated that genotypic diversity had a significant or obviously significant effect on the cumulative length of rhizomes of 2a and 4a,dry matter accumulation of rhizomes of 1a and 2a,tiller number of 1a,tiller productivity of 3a,but had no significant effect age structure of buds.As the levels of genotypic diversity increased,the proportion of the cumulative length of rhizomes with 4a decreased and then increased,and dry matter accumulation of rhizomes with 1a and 2a gradually increased while the number of tillers with 1a gradually decreased,when the gradient of genotypic diversity increased.At the 1,2,4,8,and 12 genotype diversity levels,the number of tillers,the cumulative length of rhizomes,and dry matter accumulation in rhizomes and buds were all age structures of expanding type.However,tiller productivity was an expanding or stable age structure at levels of 1,2,4,8 genotypic diversity,while it was a declining age structure at the 12 genotype diversity gradient.An appropriate genotypic diversity is conducive to maintaining the growth and stability of the age structure of L.chinensis population,but too high a gradient of genotypic diversity can have a negative impact on the population age structure.This study provided that an appropriate number of genotypic diversity contributes to the stability of the population.

Effects of field application of phosphate fertilizers on the availability and uptake of lead, zinc and cadmium by cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in a mining tailing contaminated soil

A field trial was conducted to evaluate the reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in a soil contaminated by mining tailings in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China. Three commercial phosphate (P) fertilizers including phosphate rock (PR), calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), and single superphosphate (SSP) were applied to the plot at three P application rates, 50, 300, and 500 g/m2 with 9 treatments and control (CK). Plants, water soluble and exchangeable (WE) extra...

Role of nitrification inhibitor DMPP(3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) in NO^-_3-N accumulation in greengrocery( Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis ) and vegetable soil

The influence of nitrification inhibitor(NI) 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP) on nitrate accumulation in greengrocery( Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis ) and vegetable soil at surface layer were investigated in field experiments in 2002 and 2003 Results showed that NI DMPP took no significant effect on yields of edible parts of greengrocery, but it could significantly decrease NO - 3 N concentration in greengrocery and in vegetable soil at surface layer. In addition, NI DMPP could reduce the NO - 3 N concentration during the prophase stage of storage.

Cow manure and cow manure-derived biochar application as a soil amendment for reducing cadmium availability and accumulation by Brassica chinensis L. in acidic red soil

Organic amendment is a promising,in situ phytostabilization approach to alleviate the phytotoxic effects of heavy metal contaminated soils.The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of cow manure（CM）and its derived biochar（CMB）as a soil amendment on cadmium（Cd）availability and accumulation in low and high Cd-accumulating cultivars of Brassica chinensis L.grown in an acidic red soil.CM and CMB were applied to Cd-contaminated acidic red soil at the rates of 0,3.0and 6.0%（w/w）.Application of CMB was significantly more effective than that of CM,as it reduced the availability of Cd in soil by 34.3–69.9%and its bioaccumulation in the low Cd accumulator,Aijiaoheiye 333,by 51.2 and 67.4%,respectively.The addition of CMB significantly increased the extractability and accumulation of trace metals（Zn,Mn,Fe,and Cu）by plants and improved plant biomass production.CMB application,combined with utilizing low Cd accumulating cultivars represents a new,sustainable strategy to alleviate the toxic effects on Cd and improve food safety.

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur Supply on Glucosinolates in Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis

Glucosinolates （GSs） are a group of plant secondary metabolites containing abundant nitrogen （N） and sulfur （S） mainly in Brassica and have the beneficial effects on human health including anti-carcinogenic, cholesterol-reducing and other pharmacological effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of N （5, 10, and 20 mmol L-a, denoted by N5, N10 and N20） and S （0,5, 1, and 2 mmol L^-1, denoted by S0.5, S1 and S2） on the yield and GSs in pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. communis） in hydroponics. Results showed that N10 and N20 significantly enhanced the yield compared with N5, however, N20 had a negative effect relative to N10. Only with N10 and N20 low S supply （S0.5） reduced the yield. The concentrations of aliphatic GSs, aromatic GS and total GSs were enhanced by N5 and indolyl GSs were enhanced by N20. S2 enhanced the concentration of individual GS and total GSs. The concentrations of indolyl GSs were maximized in N20S2 treatment, whereas the highest concentrations of aliphatic GSs, aromatic GS and total GSs were found in N5S2 treatment. Effects of N and S on aliphatic GSs were higher than on indolyl GSs. The results suggest that the accumulation of aliphatic GSs and aromatic GS could be enhanced by low N and high S and restricted by high N while that of indolyl GSs could be enhanced by high N and high S.

Differential Expression Analysis of Genic Male Sterility A／B Lines in Chinese Cabbage—Pak—Choi（Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Makino）

To determine differential expression of genie male sterility A/B lines in Chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee), we used the RNA fingerprinting technique, cDNA-AFLP analysis, in different developmental stages and different tissues. While no obvious differential expressions were observed in rosette leaves, florescence leaves, and scapes, some differential expressions were found in alabstrums of A/B lines and among leaves, scapes and alabstrums. We analyzed the al-abstrums collected in different developmental stages with 10 primer combinations. We got a unique band between middle size alabstrums and large alabstrums in B line in one of the ten pair primers, and in another one pair, one band reflecting a higher gene-expression level in A line than that in B line was obtained. No unique bands were found with the other primer combinations. The bands reflecting different gene-expression level were confirmed by Northern hybridization. The results indicated that cDNA-AFLP was a suitable tool for studying differential expression of genie male sterility in plants. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of soluble proteins further verified the difference in A/B lines.

Effect of the Antisense BcMF12 Driven by the BcA9 Promoter on Gene Silencing in Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis

The study analyzed the silencing of BcMF12 gene regulated by BcA9 promoter in the transgenic pakchoi and confirmed the effect of antisense BcMF12 gene on the pollen development. A conserved BcMF12 gene fragment was amplified from the cDNA of flower buds in pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis, syn. B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis） and was fused to the anther specific BcA9 promoter. The plant antisense expression vector was constructed and then introduced into pakchoi via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were screened by antibiotics and molecular analysis. PCR and Southern blot revealed that the antisense BcMF12-GUS fusion gene regulated by BcA9 promoter was integrated into transgenic plants. Northern blot suggested that the expression of BcMF12 gene was down-regulated significantly. The pollen germination rate of transgenic plants with antisense BcMF12 gene decreased as compared with that of the control plants. The expression of the gene BcMF12 related to the pollen development was inhibited by the antisense BcMF12 driven by BcA9 promoter, which consequently affected the pollen development in pakchoi.

Effects of Different Cadmium Levels on Active Oxygen Metabolism and H_2O_2-Scavenging System in Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis

The effects of different Cd (Cadmium) levels on generation of active oxygen speceies(AOS) and H2O2-scavenging system in the leaves of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensiswere studied. The results showed that generation rate, and H2O2 content were enhancedand malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with the increase of Cd concentrations inthe growth medium. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbatereductase (DR) and glutathione reductase (GR) were promoted by the addition of Cd.Exposed to Cd also increased the contents of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) in theleaves.

建立青菜(Brassica chinensis)农杆菌介导法基因转化体系

以青菜地方品种矮脚黄、苏州青的子叶、子叶柄、真叶为外植体，在改良ＭＳ培养基上离体培养获得再生植株。在不定芽诱导培养基中添加２～２０ｍｇ／ＬＡｇＮＯ３可显著提高子叶不定芽诱导频率；添加０．１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ和１～２ｍｇ／ＬＣＰＰＵ既可提高不定芽诱导频率，又可获得较多数量的不定芽。用含ＣｐＴＩ基因和ＮＰＴＩＩ基因的农杆菌感染子叶，获得了具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株。培养基中添加羧苄青霉素促进子叶再生不定芽，头孢霉素和卡那霉素则抑制子叶再生。卡那霉素敏感性测定结果表明，当培养基中含卡那霉素１０ｍｇ／Ｌ时。

施用污泥堆肥对土壤和青菜(Brassica chinensis)重金属积累特性的影响

在温室中研究施用污泥堆肥对土壤和青菜（Brassicachinensis）中重金属的积累状况的影响。污泥堆肥与土壤比例分别为0，5，10，25和50％（体积比）。研究表明，随着污泥堆肥施用量增加，土壤pH略有上升，EC和土壤水溶态K，Ca，Mg，NH4＋和PO43－含量均显著增加。DTPA提取的Cu和Zn，呈显著增加，而Cd，Ph，Ni含量增加仅在高施用量时较显著。与不施肥对照处理相比，该青菜产量随着污泥堆肥施用量增加呈显著增加趋势，并且在5％～10％施用量时获得最高产量。随着污泥堆肥施用量增加，该青菜中Cu，Cd，Zn，Ni和Pb含量也呈积累趋势。在≥5％添加污泥堆肥处理时，地上部分Cu和Zn浓度分别超过国家规定的允许浓度标准10和20mg·kg(-1)，Cd在污泥处理比例≥10％时，青菜组织中含量已超过允许标准0．05mg·kg(-1)。由此说明：在污泥堆肥和利用过程中应进一步严格控制重金属及其在作物体中积累，尤其控制可食部分中重金属的浓度和污泥及污泥堆肥长期施用过程中的重金属在土壤和作物中的积累。

白菜型油菜（Brassica chinensis）细胞质雄性不育材料50A的发现及其育性遗传研究

作者就１９９０年在江西省地方品种资源中发现的白菜型油菜雄性不育材料５０Ａ进行研究，初步结果表明：该雄性不育系是核质互作不育型，恢保关系与甘蓝型不育胞质材料５００３Ａ不同，同波里玛不育胞质相似，有温感性存在，且感温程度与核基因型有关，通过春夏两季的筛选鉴别，选育得到温度钝感不育稳定的新型胞质不育系５０Ａ＿１，对杂种优势利用的理论和实践都有很高的价值。

荔枝(Litchichinensis Sonn.)花芽分化过程的细胞超微结构观察

应用透射电镜对荔枝茎尖生长锥由营养生长转变为生殖生长过程的细胞超微结构进行观察 ,结果表明 ,荔枝圆锥花序发育前期细胞排列紧密 ,细胞质浓 ,液泡小 ,细胞核大并占据着细胞大部分位置 ;细胞质内有丰富的线粒体和膜状系统 ,整个膜状系统内连细胞核 ,外接胞间连丝 ;细胞内囊泡大量形成、融合与迁移 .这些均显示出细胞内结构物质在此期经历着活跃的周转和合成代谢 ,细胞内部在基因的控制下有序地表达 ,为发育过程质的转变积累足够的信息和物质 .生长锥由尖长变为宽平的花序原基时 ,其组织细胞结构也发生了相应的变化 ,最显著的特征是在此过程中 ,有一些细胞发生了程序性死亡 .正在凋亡的细胞核染色质固缩、趋边、核膜破裂或皱缩、细胞质囊泡化并将降解的物质运到周围细胞 。

LAPP对中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)生长、缺氧耐受力及免疫抵抗力的影响

实验研究维生素C多聚磷酸酯（LAPP）添加在对虾饲料中，对中国对虾的生长、缺氧耐受力及免疫抵抗力的影响；实验进一步证明了中国对虾饲料中LAPP的最适添加量为400mg／100g饲料;本文还提出饲料中的LAPP能够提高中国对虾的缺氧耐受力，在溶氧超过3．1mg／kg海水的情况下，效果显著，在降低到2．3mg／kg海水时，作用减弱；用副溶血弧菌（Vibroparahaemolyticus）注射入虾体内，12小时内记录发现，饲料中不含LAPP的一组中国对虾，死亡率高于其它组，并且，LAPP含量最高的一组，死亡率明显低，死亡时间也出现较晚，这证明LAPP能够提高中国对虾的免疫抵抗力；本实验用注射金黄色葡萄球菌后细胞的吞噬百分率作指标，研究对虾细胞的吞噬作用，发现饲料中不含LAPP的对虾的吞噬百分率较低，随着饲料中LAPP浓度的提高，对虾血细胞的吞噬百分率逐渐升高，说明中国对虾细胞的吞噬作用逐步增强。

退化羊草（Leymus chinensis）草原恢复演替动态的研究

对退化羊草（Ｌ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）草原围封后１１年的群落特征进行了研究分析．结果表明：退化草原在恢复过程中单位面积内植物种丰富度增加．但组成整个样地的种类成分变化不大．多样性指数中期增加后期呈现下降趋势，物种在群落中所占比例大小是造成多样性指数变化的主要因素，而与丰富度关系不大．均匀性指数在恢复过程中呈下降趋势．羊草、冰草（Ａｇｒｏｐｙｒｏｎｍｉｃｈｎｏｉ）、针茅（Ｓｔｉｐａ）在演替过程中呈持续增加趋势，相反，冷蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｆｒｉｇｉｄａ）、木地肤（Ｋｏｃｈｔｉａｐｒｏｓｔｒａｔａ）呈现下降趋势．１１年的恢复过程可划分为冷蒿＋丛生小禾草＋羊草群落，冷蒿群落向羊草群落的过渡阶段；羊草＋冰草、冷蒿＋丛生禾草群落和羊草＋冰草＋丛生禾草群落４个阶段．１１年的封育，退化群落并未恢复到羊草草原顶极群落的水平．

中国繁缕(Stellaria chinensis Regel)一新变种

发表了中国繁缕一新变种 ,即缘毛中国繁缕StellariachinensisRegelvar.ciliataC .S .ZhuetH .M .