In this study, Bacil us amyloliquefaciens A3 was continual y incubated in shake fIasks contalning wastewater from sweet potato starch production as an ef-fective biofertiIizer for cuItivation of Brassica juncea var. m...In this study, Bacil us amyloliquefaciens A3 was continual y incubated in shake fIasks contalning wastewater from sweet potato starch production as an ef-fective biofertiIizer for cuItivation of Brassica juncea var. multiceps（XueIihong）. Based on pot experiments in the greenhouse, the effects of chemical fertiIizers （CN）, biofertiIizer （BF）, inactivated broth （BI）, starch wastewater （SW） and the combination of biofertiIizer and chemical fertiIizer （BC） on the yield, NO3- content and NO2- con-tent of XueIihong, soiI physicochemical properties and N2O emission were investi-gated. The resuIts showed that the yield of XueIihong in BC and CN treatments was improved by five times compared with CK; BF and SW treatments had insignifi-cant impact on the yield of XueIihong. Compared with CN treatment, BCL treatment exhibited simiIar improving effects on the yield of XueIihong, in which NO3- content of XueIihong and soiI was reduced by 16.4%-73.6% and 22%-29%, which reduced the risk of nitrogen eIuviations in soiI; average N2O fIux （FPV30） in BCL treatment was reduced by 58.3%-73.1% compared with CN treatment. In concIusion, B. amy-loliquefaciens is a feasibIe Iow-cost biofertiIizer for sustalnabIe vegetabIe farming with a great potential for starch wastewater utiIization.展开更多
Five commonly-used reference genes： ACT （actin）, UBE （ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme）, RPL2 （ribosomal protein L2）, BRP II （RNA polymerase II subunit）, and NADH （nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide） were examin...Five commonly-used reference genes： ACT （actin）, UBE （ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme）, RPL2 （ribosomal protein L2）, BRP II （RNA polymerase II subunit）, and NADH （nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide） were examined using geNorm software as reference genes for RT-qPCR. Among the tested reference genes, ACT and UBE were the most stable in all samples. In parallel, expression analysis of nitrilases in Brassica juncea var. tumida, was performed to preliminarily investigate the molecular interactions between nitrilase and clubroot development at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 d postinoculation （dpi） with a suspension of resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae. The results showed that different gene expressions of nitrilases were regulated during the initial periods of clubroot development. The expression level of BjNIT1 increased sharply from 20 to 40 dpi in infected roots while there were no remarkable changes in healthy roots. From 15 to 30 dpi, the expression levels of BjNIT2 and BjNIT4 in infected roots were lower than those in non-infected roots. Finally, BjNIT2 in treatment was down approximately to control at 40 dpi. Our results suggest that BjNIT1, which promoted overproductions of auxin, might be involved in P. brassicae infection of B. juncea.展开更多
The dominant genic male sterility （DGMS） gene CDMs399-3 derived from a spontaneous mutation in the line 79-399-3 of spring cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.）, has been successfully applied in hybrid seed...The dominant genic male sterility （DGMS） gene CDMs399-3 derived from a spontaneous mutation in the line 79-399-3 of spring cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.）, has been successfully applied in hybrid seed production of several cabbage cultivars in China. During the development of dominant male sterility lines in cabbage, the conventional identification of homozygous male-sterile plants （CDMs399-3/CDMs399-3） is a laborious and time-consuming process. For marker-assisted selection （MAS） of the gene CDMs399-3 transferred into key spring cabbage line 397, expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats （EST-SSR） and SSR technology were used to identify markers that were linked to CDMs399-3 based on method of bulked segregant analysis （BSA）. By screening a set of 978 EST-SSRs and 395 SSRs, a marker BoE332 linked to the CDMs399-3 at a distance of 3.6 cM in the genetic background of cabbage line 397 were identified. 7 homozygons male-sterile plants in population P1170 with 20 plants were obtained finally via MAS of BoE332. Thus, BoE332 will greatly facilitate the transferring of the gene CDMs399-3 into the key spring cabbage line 397 and improve the application of DGMS in cabbage hybrid breeding.展开更多
通过远缘杂交及回交将白菜的抗病基因导入到芥菜中,创制获得优质的抗根肿病长柄芥(Brassica juncea var.longepetiolata Yang et Chen)育种材料。采用人工接种鉴定和分子标记鉴定相结合法,对10份抗根肿病白菜材料进行抗性分析,筛选出1...通过远缘杂交及回交将白菜的抗病基因导入到芥菜中,创制获得优质的抗根肿病长柄芥(Brassica juncea var.longepetiolata Yang et Chen)育种材料。采用人工接种鉴定和分子标记鉴定相结合法,对10份抗根肿病白菜材料进行抗性分析,筛选出1份可作为长柄芥抗根肿病育种材料创制的抗性资源CCR21002。利用CCR21002分别作为父本、母本提供抗根肿病基因,与长柄芥进行远缘杂交,结合胚挽救技术获得正反杂交种F1,选取植株形态偏向芥菜的F1与长柄芥回交获得BC_(1),对BC_(1)植株进行形态学、细胞学分析及抗病性鉴定。结果表明,回交一代比杂种一代更难获得,胚挽救成活的13株BC_(1)中,仅筛选出1株基因型为AABB且抗根肿病的植株,经分子标记鉴定所含抗病基因为CRb,在植株形态上保留有长柄芥的大部分性状。证明经过与抗根肿病白菜远缘杂交及回交,获得对4号生理小种表现抗性的长柄芥新种质1份,可用于继续回交转育。展开更多
The vegetative development of cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata)passes through seedling,rosette,folding and heading stages.Leaves that form the rosette are large and mostly flat.In the following developmental sta...The vegetative development of cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata)passes through seedling,rosette,folding and heading stages.Leaves that form the rosette are large and mostly flat.In the following developmental stages,the plants produce leaves that curve inward to produce the leafy head.Many microRNAs and their target genes have been described participating in leaf development and leaf curvature.The aim of this study is to investigate the role of miRNA-regulated genes in the transition from the rosette to the heading stage.We compared the mi RNA and gene abundances between emerging rosette and heading leaves.To remove transcripts(miRNAs and genes)whose regulation was most likely associated with plant age rather than the change from rosette to heading stage,we utilized a non-heading collard green(B.oleracea var.acephala)morphotype as control.This resulted in 33 DEMs and 1998 DEGs with likely roles in the transition from rosette to heading stage in cabbage.Among these 1998 DEGs,we found enriched GO terms related to DNA-binding transcription factor activity,transcription regulator activity,iron ion binding,and photosynthesis.We predicted the target genes of these 33 DEMs and focused on the subset that was differentially expressed(1998DEGs)between rosette and heading stage leaves to construct mi RNA-target gene interaction networks.Our main finding is a role for miR396b-5p targeting two Arabidopsis thaliana orthologues of GROWTH REGULATING FACTORs 3(GRF3)and 4(GRF4)in pointed cabbage head formation.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZZD-EW-09-3,KZZD-EW-11-03)National Science and Technology Major Project(2014ZX07204-005)Special Fund of the National Academy Alliance(2012-1)~~
文摘In this study, Bacil us amyloliquefaciens A3 was continual y incubated in shake fIasks contalning wastewater from sweet potato starch production as an ef-fective biofertiIizer for cuItivation of Brassica juncea var. multiceps（XueIihong）. Based on pot experiments in the greenhouse, the effects of chemical fertiIizers （CN）, biofertiIizer （BF）, inactivated broth （BI）, starch wastewater （SW） and the combination of biofertiIizer and chemical fertiIizer （BC） on the yield, NO3- content and NO2- con-tent of XueIihong, soiI physicochemical properties and N2O emission were investi-gated. The resuIts showed that the yield of XueIihong in BC and CN treatments was improved by five times compared with CK; BF and SW treatments had insignifi-cant impact on the yield of XueIihong. Compared with CN treatment, BCL treatment exhibited simiIar improving effects on the yield of XueIihong, in which NO3- content of XueIihong and soiI was reduced by 16.4%-73.6% and 22%-29%, which reduced the risk of nitrogen eIuviations in soiI; average N2O fIux （FPV30） in BCL treatment was reduced by 58.3%-73.1% compared with CN treatment. In concIusion, B. amy-loliquefaciens is a feasibIe Iow-cost biofertiIizer for sustalnabIe vegetabIe farming with a great potential for starch wastewater utiIization.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission,China (2008BB1370)Fuling Agricultural Science Institute of Chongqing,China
文摘Five commonly-used reference genes： ACT （actin）, UBE （ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme）, RPL2 （ribosomal protein L2）, BRP II （RNA polymerase II subunit）, and NADH （nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide） were examined using geNorm software as reference genes for RT-qPCR. Among the tested reference genes, ACT and UBE were the most stable in all samples. In parallel, expression analysis of nitrilases in Brassica juncea var. tumida, was performed to preliminarily investigate the molecular interactions between nitrilase and clubroot development at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 d postinoculation （dpi） with a suspension of resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae. The results showed that different gene expressions of nitrilases were regulated during the initial periods of clubroot development. The expression level of BjNIT1 increased sharply from 20 to 40 dpi in infected roots while there were no remarkable changes in healthy roots. From 15 to 30 dpi, the expression levels of BjNIT2 and BjNIT4 in infected roots were lower than those in non-infected roots. Finally, BjNIT2 in treatment was down approximately to control at 40 dpi. Our results suggest that BjNIT1, which promoted overproductions of auxin, might be involved in P. brassicae infection of B. juncea.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Ministry of China (2008BADB1B02 and 2009BADB8B03)the Core Research Budget of the Non-profit Governmental Research Institution (ICS, CAAS) (1610032011011)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, 2012AA100101)
文摘The dominant genic male sterility （DGMS） gene CDMs399-3 derived from a spontaneous mutation in the line 79-399-3 of spring cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.）, has been successfully applied in hybrid seed production of several cabbage cultivars in China. During the development of dominant male sterility lines in cabbage, the conventional identification of homozygous male-sterile plants （CDMs399-3/CDMs399-3） is a laborious and time-consuming process. For marker-assisted selection （MAS） of the gene CDMs399-3 transferred into key spring cabbage line 397, expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats （EST-SSR） and SSR technology were used to identify markers that were linked to CDMs399-3 based on method of bulked segregant analysis （BSA）. By screening a set of 978 EST-SSRs and 395 SSRs, a marker BoE332 linked to the CDMs399-3 at a distance of 3.6 cM in the genetic background of cabbage line 397 were identified. 7 homozygons male-sterile plants in population P1170 with 20 plants were obtained finally via MAS of BoE332. Thus, BoE332 will greatly facilitate the transferring of the gene CDMs399-3 into the key spring cabbage line 397 and improve the application of DGMS in cabbage hybrid breeding.
文摘通过远缘杂交及回交将白菜的抗病基因导入到芥菜中,创制获得优质的抗根肿病长柄芥(Brassica juncea var.longepetiolata Yang et Chen)育种材料。采用人工接种鉴定和分子标记鉴定相结合法,对10份抗根肿病白菜材料进行抗性分析,筛选出1份可作为长柄芥抗根肿病育种材料创制的抗性资源CCR21002。利用CCR21002分别作为父本、母本提供抗根肿病基因,与长柄芥进行远缘杂交,结合胚挽救技术获得正反杂交种F1,选取植株形态偏向芥菜的F1与长柄芥回交获得BC_(1),对BC_(1)植株进行形态学、细胞学分析及抗病性鉴定。结果表明,回交一代比杂种一代更难获得,胚挽救成活的13株BC_(1)中,仅筛选出1株基因型为AABB且抗根肿病的植株,经分子标记鉴定所含抗病基因为CRb,在植株形态上保留有长柄芥的大部分性状。证明经过与抗根肿病白菜远缘杂交及回交,获得对4号生理小种表现抗性的长柄芥新种质1份,可用于继续回交转育。
基金funded by the Mexican government through the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT),C.V.761325,for the PhD project of Jorge Aleman-Baez。
文摘The vegetative development of cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata)passes through seedling,rosette,folding and heading stages.Leaves that form the rosette are large and mostly flat.In the following developmental stages,the plants produce leaves that curve inward to produce the leafy head.Many microRNAs and their target genes have been described participating in leaf development and leaf curvature.The aim of this study is to investigate the role of miRNA-regulated genes in the transition from the rosette to the heading stage.We compared the mi RNA and gene abundances between emerging rosette and heading leaves.To remove transcripts(miRNAs and genes)whose regulation was most likely associated with plant age rather than the change from rosette to heading stage,we utilized a non-heading collard green(B.oleracea var.acephala)morphotype as control.This resulted in 33 DEMs and 1998 DEGs with likely roles in the transition from rosette to heading stage in cabbage.Among these 1998 DEGs,we found enriched GO terms related to DNA-binding transcription factor activity,transcription regulator activity,iron ion binding,and photosynthesis.We predicted the target genes of these 33 DEMs and focused on the subset that was differentially expressed(1998DEGs)between rosette and heading stage leaves to construct mi RNA-target gene interaction networks.Our main finding is a role for miR396b-5p targeting two Arabidopsis thaliana orthologues of GROWTH REGULATING FACTORs 3(GRF3)and 4(GRF4)in pointed cabbage head formation.
