The influence of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation in selenium-enriched Brassica napus L.:changes in the nutritional constituents,bioactivities and bioaccessibility

Selenium(Se)-enriched Brassica napus L.is a valuable organic Se supplement.In this study,the fermentation broth enriched with organic Se(FFS)was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum to ferment the substrate of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.Significant increases were observed after fermentation in total sugars,reducing sugars,soluble proteins,total phenolic content(TPC),and total flavonoid content(TFC).The organic Se was retained at a concentration of 54.75 mg/g in the freeze-dried sample.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed good separation between the FFS and unfermented(FS)groups.Fragrant 2-ethyloxetane had the highest content among all volatiles,while sinapine had the highest content among all phenolic compounds.The fermentation process showed remarkable improvement in the abundance and concentration of volatile compounds and phenolic contents,making FFS exhibit strong antioxidant activity and inhibitory capacity againstα-glucosidase activity.The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was significantly greater in FFS compared to FS.ADMET analysis revealed that the majority of phenolic compounds contained in FFS did not exhibit mutagenicity toxicity,hepatotoxicity,skin sensitization,or blood-brain barrier penetration,indicating a favorable level of biosafety.Overall,our study provides a new insight into the further utilization of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.in foods.

Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Spraying at Seedling Stage on the Growth Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Brassica napus L.

In order to select a suitable foliar fertilizer for Brassica napus L.at the seedling stage,using‘Fengyou 958’as the material,different foliar fertilizers including BR,Se,Si,BR+Si,BR+Se,Se+Si and BR+Se+Si were sprayed at the seedling stage to study their effect on the physiological characteristics,growth and yield of Brassica napus L..The results showed that the growth,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,and yield of different treatments at the budding stage improved compared with the control.The effect of the Si+Se treatment was the best,followed by the Se and Si treatments.The chlorophyll content of the flower decreased continuously during the whole flowering period,and the chlorophyll content of the mature silique peel was higher than that of the seed.The content of soluble sugar in flowers was the highest in the early flowering stage,and the content of soluble sugar in leaves at the flowering stage was higher than that at the budding stage.The soluble sugar content in the harvested silique peel decreased gradually with the increase of time,and that in the silique peel and seed was similar at 35 d after pollination.The soluble protein content in the silique peel and seed decreased gradually at the mature stage,and the soluble protein content in the silique peel was higher than that in the seed at the same stage.Si+Se foliar fertilizer spraying at the seedling stage can promote the growth and yield of Brassica napus L.and can be applied in Brassica napus L.production.

Development of a KASP Marker on Chromosome A05 for Seed Oil Content of Brassica napus

In order to identify the molecular markers that can be widely used in the breeding of Brassica napus L.varieties with high seed oil content under different genetic backgrounds,we developed a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker for seed oil content on the basis of the results from available studies.The verification in the F_(2) population showed that the marker was closely linked to the quantitative trait locus(QTL)for oil content on chromosome A05.The findings helped to breed the‘Fengyou’varieties with high seed oil content in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)千粒重性状遗传体系分析

通过遗传差异较大的 2个甘蓝型油菜 (BrassicanapusL )纯系亲本组合 (HSTC14×宁油 7号 )衍生后代的世代家系群体分析 ,应用主基因 +多基因家系世代联合分离分析方法研究油菜千粒重的遗传体系。结果表明 ,甘蓝型油菜HSTC14×宁油 7号组合千粒重遗传体系系由一对主基因 +多基因构成 ,主基因中只有加性效应 (d =0 10 6 2 ) ,不存在显性效应 ;多基因存在加性 ([d]=0 2 2 2 8)和显性效应 ,但显性效应为负值 ([h]=- 0 2 80 0 )。表明该组合千粒重主要由主基因加性效应和多基因效应决定 ,但无杂种优势。F2∶3家系群体主基因遗传力为 83 39% ,多基因遗传力为 11 71%。HSTC14×宁油 7号组合千粒重的改良可能受主基因无显性效应 ,多基因显性效应为负值的制约。

锰胁迫对甘蓝型油菜Brassica napus L.种子活力和幼苗抗氧化系统的影响

用不同质量分数的锰溶液(0.2%,0.4%,0.8%和1.2%Mn2+)处理甘蓝型胜利油菜Brassica napuscv.Shengli,研究锰对其种子活力、幼苗细胞膜透性、脂质过氧化及抗氧化剂的影响.结果表明:锰胁迫降低了种子活力、幼苗抗坏血酸(Vc)质量分数、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,破坏了细胞膜的完整性,并使丙二醛(MDA)质量分数、脯氨酸(Pro)质量分数和过氧化物酶(POD)活性增加.

Correlation Analysis of SPAD Value with Chlorophyll Content and Economic Yield Traits of Brassica napus L.

[Objective] The aim was to compare differences of SPAD value, chloro- phyll content, agronomic characters, economic characters and yield traits to analyze correlation of SPAD value with other indices and establish regression functions. [Method] Based on 34 Brassica napus L. varieties, SPAD value, chlorophyll content, agronomic characters, economic characters and yield traits were measured and re- gression functions were established according to correlations. [Result] SPAD value, chlorophyll content, agronomic and economic characters and yield traits all achieved significant level in differences among 34 varieties. Specifically, SPAD value was of extremely significant correlation with chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid, and the correlation from high to low was chl-b〉chl-z〉chl-a〉chl-x. SPAD value was of significantly positive correlation with total pod number per plant, plant height, seed number per pod, yield per plant and harvest yield, and of insignificant correlation with branch point height, effective branch number, pod density of main stem, and pod length. [Conclusion] It is simple and rapid to predict chlorophyll con- tent, economic characters and yields of Brassica napus L. with SPAD value and re- gression functions.

铬胁迫对青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)植物螯合肽含量及抗氧化特性的影响

选用不同耐铬胁迫青菜品种春油1号和青伏令,采用不同浓度Cr3+处理,测定青菜抗氧化酶活性及植物螯合肽含量等生理指标。结果表明,随着Cr3+处理浓度升高,两种青菜叶片抗氧化酶活性、酸溶性SH、植物螯合肽(PCs)及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均呈增加趋势(P<0.05),高浓度Cr3(+300 mg.L-1)处理下,耐铬胁迫较弱的青伏令叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性分别比对照增加了24.2%、41.7%、21.4%,耐铬胁迫较强的春油1号分别比对照增加了37.2%、70.7%、43.0%,并且PCs含量是对照的3.17倍,明显高于耐铬胁迫较弱品种青伏令(1.71倍)。Cr3+处理下耐铬胁迫较强的青菜品种春油1号表现出相对较高的抗氧化酶活力及非酶物质含量,不同品种青菜对铬胁迫的生理差异较大。

根癌农杆菌介导白细胞介素-4基因转化甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.)研究

利用根癌农杆菌介导法，以白细胞介素-4（interleukin-4，IL-4）基因转化中甘11号甘蓝。本研究对可能影响il-4转化率的外植体类型、外植体的预培养时间、农杆菌的侵染时间以及外植体与农杆菌的共培养时间进行了优化。试验结果表明：il-4基因对带1-2mm子叶柄的子叶的转化率显著高于下胚轴；带柄子叶在预培养1d、侵染3min、共培养1d时，转化效果最好，转化率达23．3%;下胚轴在预培养1-3d，侵染3～5min，共培养1-2d时，转化效果较好，转化率最高可达13．3％。经PCR检测及PCR-Southem杂交，初步证明目的基因il-4已经转入甘蓝的再生植株。转il-4基因甘蓝的PCR阳性再生植株已经开花并产生了后代。

Screening of Drought-tolerant Brassica napus L.Varieties and Analysis on Their Physiologic and Biochemical Variations under Drought Stress

[Objective] The aim of this study was to screen drought-tolerant Brassica napus L. germplasm resources by analyzing their physiological and biochemical changes under drought stress. [Method] Forty varieties of B. napus varieties were cultured under PEG-6000 osmotic stress and extreme drought stress in pots, re- spectively. Then, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, malondialdehyde （MDA）, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase（CAT）, peroxidase（POD） were measured under drought stress. [Result] Sever- al drought-tolerant varieties of B. napus were screened out： YAU200908, Xiangyou No.15, YAU200903, YAU200907, YAU200906 and YAU200904. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that, the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid de- creased with drought stress increasing; the contents of proline, soluble sugar, solu- ble protein, MDA and the activities of SOD,CAT, POD raised with drought stress in- creasing. [Conclusion] In the rapeseed varieties with stronger drought tolerance, the decrease in carotenoid content and the increase in proline content, soluble sugar content, MDA content, SOD activity, CAT activity were more obvious, so all these physiological and biochemical indices can be used to evaluate the drought tolerance of rapeseed.

Effects of ABA on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Pods and Yield of Brassica napus

[Objective] The aim was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of ABA on photosynthetic characteristics of pods and yield of Brassica napus and analyze the relationships between ABA concentration and yield components, to provide theoretical basis for cultivation of high-yield rapeseed. [Method] At the end of flowering stage, the rape plants were separately sprayed with 1, 2, 100 and 200μmol/L of ABA; photosynthetic parameters, water use efficiency （WUE）, yield and yield components of the rape plants were investigated 0, 5, 10 and 15 d later, respectively. [Result] ABA treatment with different concentrations significantly changed pod photosynthetic parameters and yield components of rapeseed. Low concentra- tions of ABA could improve pod＇s net photosynthetic rate and yield components while high concentrations had the contrary effect. [Conclusion] Whether ABA func- tioned in inhibiting or promoting role might depend on the interaction between endogenous hormone levels and exogenous ABA concentration. Improvement of WUE would be the main reason for yield increasing.

激素对甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L)矮化突变体幼苗生长及内源GA_3含量的影响

以甘蓝型油菜矮化突变体"DDF-1"为材料,研究了赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)和油菜素内酯(BR)3种激素对突变体幼苗的影响,并用石蜡切片观察其细胞形态,用酶联免疫吸附技术(ELISA)检测下胚轴内源激素GA3含量.结果表明,外加一定浓度的GA3(7 mg/L)对矮化突变体"DDF-1"的下胚轴伸长作用显著,但不能使之恢复到野生型的长度;萌发早期,BR有明显的促进伸长作用,萌发后期效果不明显;突变体对IAA敏感性较弱.三种激素交互作用对矮秆下胚轴伸长的影响也不显著.施加外源GA3的矮化突变体"DDF-1"的细胞也有明显的伸长.矮化突变体"DDF-1"的内源激素GA3含量高于野生型高秆,但低于施加外源GA3的矮化突变体.矮化突变体"DDF-1"为赤霉素GA3的非应答型矮化突变体.

Cloning of Brassica napus EIN3 Gene and Its Expression Induced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

[Objective] The study was to investigate roles of Brassica napus EINB in （ BnEIN3 ） resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. [ Methods] Genomic PCR and RT-PCR were carded out to isolate genomic DNA and cDNA sequences of BnEIN3 from oilseed rape, based on the highly conserved region of EIN3 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana and the homologous sequences of oilseed rape ESTs. Expression levels of BnEIN3 were detected in three varieties of oilseed rape inoculated with S. sclerotiorum by real-time quantitative PCR.[Results] A 1 947 bp DNA fragment was obtained from oilseed rape. The fragment shared 82% identity to A. thaliana EIIV3, encoded 614 amino acids containing an EIN3 domain, and was named as BnEIN3. Real-time PCR results showed that expression patterns of BnEIN3 were drastically different in different varieties. In highly resistant oilseed rape variety D083, BnEIN3 expression level was significantly increased 72 h after S. sclerotiorum inoculation whereas in middle resistant and susceptible varieties Zhongshuang 9 and 84039, BnEIN3 expression was suppressed. [ Conclusion ] BnEIIV3 may play an important role in oilseed rape resistance to S. sclerotiorum.

铜、锌污染对水稻土中油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长的影响及累积效应研究

通过盆栽试验,系统研究了Cu、Zn重金属污染对油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长、SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖及Cu、Zn在油菜体内吸收富集的影响。结果表明:Cu、Zn污染对油菜生物量和生理生化指标(SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性糖)均有影响。随着Cu、Zn质量分数的升高,植株干物重和SOD保护酶活性表现为先增后降;当Cu质量分数达到1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降36.79%、66.67%;当Zn质量分数达到3 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降55.21%、82.05%。Cu污染下,油菜叶片脯氨酸质量分数逐渐下降,总可溶性糖质量分数表现为先增后降;Zn污染下,脯氨酸和总可溶性糖质量分数均表现为先增后降。Cu、Zn污染使油菜幼苗叶片及根中的Cu、Zn质量分数明显增加,根部的积累尤其明显。当Cu处理为1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为57.6、424.162 mg?kg-1;当Zn处理为1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为240、608.54 mg?kg-1。与Zn相比,Cu主要积累在油菜的根部,向茎叶迁移累积的量很少,并且随着添加质量分数的增加,茎叶吸收Cu的量变化不大。总之,重金属Zn相对于Cu更容易积累于油菜的地上部分,从而更易进入食物链,它们在油菜体内富集都对其生理生化和营养产生了明显毒害作用。

Optimization of Culture Techniques for DH Line in Brassica napus L.

[Objective] The aim of this study is to reveal the disinfectants and disinfection methods,medium components,and embryoid culture method on dissociative microspore culture.[Method] B5 as basic medium appended with different concentrations of sucrose,agar and different hormone combinations was used to optimize the culture technique for DH line in Brassica napus L.[Result] Both the 15 min disinfection of NaClO containing 5% Cl-and 10 min disinfection of 0.1% HgCl2 performed well in disinfection and subsequent embryo production;in the extraction process of dissociative microspores,B5 medium containing 2% sucrose could achieve a good embryo production effect;under dark condition microspores were firstly incubated at 32 ℃ 5-7 d,then at 25 ℃ 12-15 d,and finally transferred to 25 ℃ oscillator(60-65 r/min)for 3-7d,when the embryoid would become full ripeness;1/2MS medium appended with 1.2% agar,0.02% NAA,2.0 mg/L 6-BA,3.4 mg/L AgNO3 and 2% sucrose was helpful for embryoid differentiation and plantlet generation,presenting low degree of browning and slight vitrification.[Conclusion] The results may facilitate DH Line in rape production in large scale and high efficient transformation system.

青菜(Brassica chinesis L.)对碘动态吸收的同位素示踪

碘是合成甲状腺激素不可缺少的元素,食物中严重缺碘可以导致人体中甲状腺功能的失调。利用同位素示踪技术研究了青菜在水培条件下对碘(125I)的吸收和富集特征,并在此基础上讨论了植物对碘吸收的生物学机制。研究结果表明,青菜根部能迅速吸收125I并向地上部分输送,青菜各部位125I的比活度大小顺序是根>茎>叶;青菜茎对碘的吸收量白天大于夜晚,青菜叶对碘的吸收夜晚大于白天;青菜植株不同部位叶片碘含量存在差异,上部嫩叶中125I高于下部叶片,说明青菜中125I的富集特征是植物对碘主动吸收和被动吸收共同作用的结果。青菜培养时间经过120h后,125I的消耗途径主要是作物的吸收和自然挥发,125I的放射性衰变丢失的量相对较少。研究为培育含碘作物提供了科学依据。

Transcriptional Regulation of 10 Mitochondrial Genes in Different Tissues of NCa CMS System in Brassica napus L. and Their Relationship with Sterility

Northern blot analysis was conducted with mitochondrial RNA from seedling leaves, floral buds, and developing seeds of NCa CMS, maintainer line and fertile F1 using ten mitochondrial genes as probes. The results revealed that 9 out of the 10 mitochondrial genes, except for atp6, showed no difference in different tissues of the corresponding materials of NCα CMS system and that they might be constitutively expressed genes. Eight genes, such as orf139, orf222, atpl, cox1, cox2, cob, rm5S, and rm26S, showed no difference among the three tissues of all the materials detected. So the expression of these eight genes was not regulated by nuclear genes and was not tissue-specific. The transcripts of atp9 were identical among different tissues, but diverse among different materials, indicating that transcription of atp9 was neither controlled by nuclear gene nor tissue-specific. Gene atp6 displayed similar transcripts with the same size among different tissues of all the materials but differed in abundance among tissues of corresponding materials and its expression might be tissue-specific under regulation of nuclear gene. Moreover, three transcripts of orf222 were detected in the floral buds of NCa cms and fertile F1, but no transcript was detected in floral buds of the maintainer line.The transcription of orf139 was similar to that of orf222 but only two transcripts of 0.8 kb and 0.6 kb were produced. The atp9 probe detected a single transcript of 0.6 kb in NCa cms and in maintainer line and an additional transcript of 1.2 kb in fertile F1. The relationship of expression of orf222, orf139, and atp9 with NCa sterility was discussed.

抗倒伏甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)根和茎解剖学结构分析

对甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)6个抗倒伏材料和5个易倒伏材料的苗期和苔期的根部和茎部采用石蜡切片的方法切出6μm厚的薄片,用番红-固绿双重染色,借助Olympus显微镜观察不同材料茎的表皮、皮层、厚角组织、维管束和髄的结构,以及根的木质部、导管等,并对茎和根的结构特点进行了比较。结果表明:①在苗期的茎中,与易倒伏材料相比,抗倒伏材料有较多的厚角组织;抗倒伏材料维管束的面积占茎基部横切面面积之比比易倒伏材料平均高13.1个百分点;抗倒伏材料和易倒伏材料间维管束的个数差异不大,但抗倒伏材料的维管束排列相对比较紧密。②在苔期的茎中,抗倒伏材料的厚角组织和厚壁组织比易倒伏材料发达;虽然两者间维管束的个数和面积无明显差异,但抗倒伏材料维管束排列紧密。③在苗期的根部,抗倒伏材料和易倒伏材料木质部的面积占根部横切面面积之比差异不显著;但抗倒伏材料导管数目比易倒伏材料平均多74.7个,易倒伏材料中较大导管的数目多于抗倒伏材料。④在苔期的根部,抗倒伏材料木质部占根横切面面积的之比比易倒伏材料高8.33个百分点,抗倒伏材料单位面积导管的数目多于易倒伏材料。因此,较多的厚角组织和厚壁组织、较多的导管数和排列紧密的维管束是甘蓝型油菜抗倒伏材料苗期和苔期重要的解剖学特点。

大白菜(Brassica pekinensis L.)对镉富集基因型差异的研究

研究了15种大白菜基因型对镉(Cd)富集的基因型差异,以期筛选出低积累Cd的白菜基因型.盆栽试验结果表明,不同白菜基因型的Cd含量、富集系数(BFs)和转运系数(TFs)差异显著(P<0.05).丰源新3号、现代夏秋和春秋六轮的Cd积累量均小于0.50mg/kg,其富集系数和转运系数都小于1.0,具有一定低积累Cd的潜力.大田试验的结果表明丰源新3号的Cd含量小于0.50mg/kg,富集系数和转运系数均小于1.0,表明其为排斥Cd的白菜基因型.现代夏秋和春秋六轮的富集系数和转运系数均小于1.0,但其地上部Cd含量均高于0.50mg/kg,不属于Cd低积累白菜.值得注意的.北京小杂56在盆栽和大田中的Cd含量、富集系数和转运系数均大于1.0,可用于植物修复污染土壤.

镉胁迫对小白菜(Brassica campestris L.)抗氧化机理的影响

采用水培的方法,研究了不同Cd2+水平(0、1、2.5、5、10、15mg·L-1)对小白菜(Brassica campestris L.)抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、非酶物质(SH、GSH、PCs)含量以及生长的影响。结果表明,小白菜叶片和根系SOD活性随Cd处理质量浓度的增加呈降低的变化趋势,POD、CAT活性以及MDA含量随Cd处理质量浓度的增加而增加。小白菜的生物量、根长、株高、叶绿素质量分数随Cd处理质量浓度的增加显著降低(P<0.05),表明Cd抑制了小白菜的生长,破坏了叶绿素的合成。小白菜地上、地下部镉质量分数均随Cd处理质量浓度的增加而显著增加(P<0.05)。当Cd处理质量浓度为15mg·L-1,小白菜地上、地下部镉质量分数分别达到637.5、1663.0mg·kg-1,表明小白菜对Cd有良好的富集效果。小白菜根系与叶片中SH、GSH和PCs含量均随Cd处理质量浓度增加而增加的变化趋势,表明SH、GSH和PCs在解毒小白菜Cd毒害中起着重要作用。

甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L．）的春化作用及其应用

研究了甘蓝型春性、半冬性和冬性油菜（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａｎａｐｕｓＬ．）春化时间，不同设备条件和不同生长阶段的春化效果，以及人工春化技术的利用，结果表明春性油菜的开花株率不受春化处理时间的影响，半冬性和冬性油菜的开花株率与春化处理时间有关．半冬性和冬性油菜的萌芽种子在春化室内通过春化阶段，分别需时２０ｄ和４５ｄ；冬性油菜在冰箱冷藏室通过春化阶段需时５０ｄ；三叶期冬油菜通过春化阶段需时３５ｄ．冬油菜在春化室的春化效果比冰箱冷藏室的效果好．适当延长春化时间能提高春化效果。延长每天光照时间能加快油菜的生育进程．利用冰箱冷藏室和生长室可以在上海当地完成半冬性和冬性油菜的春化和夏繁工作。