Understanding local susceptibility patterns is important when selecting antimicrobials for initial empirical antibiotic-therapy of bloodstream infections. Because the determination of susceptibility is dependent on th...Understanding local susceptibility patterns is important when selecting antimicrobials for initial empirical antibiotic-therapy of bloodstream infections. Because the determination of susceptibility is dependent on the breakpoints used, the aim of the study was to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility results to different classes of antibiotics of 512 strains of Enterobacteriaceae (200 ESβL positive) isolated from bloodstream using CLSI 2013 and current EUCAST 2013 guidelines to evaluate the impact of break-point discrepancies. The results of the study showed that statistically significant discrepancies (p ≤ 0.001) were found for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin alone or with tazobac-tam, imipenem, meropenem, cefepime (only ESβL negative isolates), amikacin and gentamicin using current CLSI or EUCAST interpretive criteria. Further harmonization of CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints is warranted. This study could give useful information to physicians for managing bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae.展开更多
Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)is a myeloproliferative neoplasm and was the first neoplastic disease associated with a well-defined genotypic anomaly―the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome.The advances in cytogene...Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)is a myeloproliferative neoplasm and was the first neoplastic disease associated with a well-defined genotypic anomaly―the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome.The advances in cytogenetic and molecular assays are of great importance to the diagnosis,prognosis,treatment,and monitoring of CML.The discovery of the breakpoint cluster region(BCR)-Abelson murine leukemia(ABL)1 fusion oncogene has revolutionized the treatment of CML patients by allowing the development of targeted drugs that inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(known as TKIs)are the standard therapy for CML and greatly increase the survival rates,despite adverse effects and the odds of residual disease after discontinuation of treatment.As therapeutic alternatives,the subsequent TKIs lead to faster and deeper molecular remissions;however,with the emergence of resistance to these drugs,immunotherapy appears as an alternative,which may have a cure potential in these patients.Against this background,this article aims at providing an overview on CML clinical management and a summary on the main targeted drugs available in that context.展开更多
Since in most tumors multiple signaling pathways are involved,many of the inhibitors in clinical development are designed to affect a wide range of targeted kinases.The most important tyrosine kinase families in the d...Since in most tumors multiple signaling pathways are involved,many of the inhibitors in clinical development are designed to affect a wide range of targeted kinases.The most important tyrosine kinase families in the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the ABL,SCR,platelet derived growth factor,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor families.Both multi-kinase inhibitors and singlekinase inhibitors have advantages and disadvantages,which are related to potential resistance mechanisms,pharmacokinetics,selectivity and tumor environment.In different malignancies various tyrosine kinases are mutated or overexpressed and several resistance mechanisms exist.Pharmacokinetics is influenced by interindividual differences and differs for two single targeted inhibitors or between patients treated by the same tyrosine kinase inhibitor.Different tyrosine kinase inhibitors have various mechanisms to achieve selectivity,while differences in gene expression exist between tumor and stromal cells.Considering these aspects,one type of inhibitor can generally not be preferred above the other,but will depend on the specific genetic constitution of the patient and the tumor,allowing personalized therapy.The most effective way of cancer treatment by using tyrosine kinase inhibitors is to consider each patient/tumor individually and to determine the strategy that specifically targets the consequences of altered(epi)genetics of the tumor.This strategy might result in treatment by a single multi kinase inhibitor for one patient,but in treatment by a couple of single kinase inhibitors for other patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcomas(ESs)are highly aggressive malignancy and are predominant in the long bones of extremities of children and young adults with a slight male predilection and rarely presents at extra skeletal lo...BACKGROUND Ewing sarcomas(ESs)are highly aggressive malignancy and are predominant in the long bones of extremities of children and young adults with a slight male predilection and rarely presents at extra skeletal locations.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old woman came to our hospital after finding elevated tumor biomarkers during her physical examination.Her enhanced computed tomography scan showed a jejunal mass.The patient underwent laparoscopic enterectomy.The mass was later diagnosed as ES,evidenced by fluorescence in situ hybridization whereby the GLP ES breakpoint region 1 probe was used,showing that more than 10%of the cells showed a red-green-yellow signal proving the breakpoint rearrangement of the ES breakpoint region 1 gene in chromosome 22.CONCLUSION We describe a case of localized ES at the jejunum in China based on the literature.展开更多
Non-stationary time series could be divided into piecewise stationary stochastic signal. However, the number and locations of breakpoints, as well as the approximation function of the respective segment signal are unk...Non-stationary time series could be divided into piecewise stationary stochastic signal. However, the number and locations of breakpoints, as well as the approximation function of the respective segment signal are unknown. To solve this problem, a novel on-line structural breaks estimation algorithm based on piecewise autoregressive processes is proposed. In order to find the "best" combination of the number, lengths, and orders of the piecewise autoregressive (AR) processes, the Akaikes Information Criterion (AIC) and Yule-Walker equations are applied to estimate an AR model fit to the data. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed estimation algorithm is suitable for different data series. Furthermore, the algorithm is used in a clinical study of electroencephalogram (EEG) with satisfactory results, and the ability to deal with real-time data is the most outstanding characteristic of on-line structural breaks estimation algorithm proposed.展开更多
Objective To investigate the frequency of t(14; 18) in different subtypes of B-cell lymphomas and the ability or the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to detect this rearrangement in frozen samples. Methods 1o7 cases of ...Objective To investigate the frequency of t(14; 18) in different subtypes of B-cell lymphomas and the ability or the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to detect this rearrangement in frozen samples. Methods 1o7 cases of B-cell lymphomas were studied uslng DNA extracted from rresh-frozen tissues. The DNA samples were amplified by PCR for bcl-2 MBR/JH. The products of bcl-2/JH rearrangement were hybridized with an internal olignucleotide probe or bcl-2 MBR. Results The rearranged bcl-2MBR/JH gene was detected in 13 of the 25(52. o% ) follicular center lymphomas, according to REAL classification: 8 of 11 (72. 7%) grade 1, 2 of 5(40. 0%) grade I, and 3 of 90 (33. 3%) grade, 17 of 82(2o. 8%) cases or difruse large B-cell lymphomas were found to have detectable bel-2 MBR/J. rearrangement- Conclusion The rrequency or bcl-2 MBR/JH rearrangement in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas is significantly lower than those in follicular center lympkomas(X2= 9. 28, P <o. oo5), suggesting that bcl2/JH rearrangements occur mainly in follicular center lymphomas. in addition, the result of reconstruction experiments suggest that amplification or bcl-2 MBR/JH rearrangements by PCR is both sensitive and specific for detection of t (14; 18 ) translocation.展开更多
Background: Patients with stem cell myeloproliferative disorders have a particularly poor prognosis and limited treatment options, i.e. mainly aggressive chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In 2004, ...Background: Patients with stem cell myeloproliferative disorders have a particularly poor prognosis and limited treatment options, i.e. mainly aggressive chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In 2004, Chen et al. reported a patient presenting a t(8;13) (p11;q12) cytogenic anomaly who responded positively to treatment with PKC412 (midostaurin), an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Here, we report a second case treated with the above-mentioned drug. Patient: A 71-year-old woman was diagnosed as having chronic myelogenous leukaemia with eosinophilia secondary to t(8;13) with FGFR1 involvement. Due to her age, an allogeneic stem cell transplantation was not possible. Treatment: A treatment combining aggressive chemotherapy and midostaurin was explored. The patient received one cycle of hyper-CVAD chemotherapy followed by maintenance therapy with midostaurin. A relapse occurred after six months, and she was treated with four more cycles of hyper-CVAD chemotherapy. The patient entered a complete clinical, haematological and cytogenetic remission. A maintenance therapy with midostaurin continued for four months until she developed a chemoresistant relapse followed by acute leukaemia. Conclusion: This is the second case of a t(8;13) myeloid and lymphoid neoplasm with FGFR1 abnormalities treated successfully with midostaurin. Midostaurin is administered orally, allows for outpatient care and in this case showed only occasional and minimal side effects. The combination of hyper-CVAD and midostaurin extended survival by 21 months without allogeneic transplantation. This case further supports the possibility of using midostaurin for the treatment of other diseases with FGFR1 dysregulations;however, specific clinical trials are needed to confirm this hypothesis.展开更多
The downward shortwave radiation(DSR)is a key input parameter for land surface models and climate models.Based on the daily averaged Global Land Surface Satellite downward shortwave radiation(GLASS-DSR)dataset over th...The downward shortwave radiation(DSR)is a key input parameter for land surface models and climate models.Based on the daily averaged Global Land Surface Satellite downward shortwave radiation(GLASS-DSR)dataset over the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau(YKP)from 1984 to 2018,this paper analyzes variation trend and breakpoints of DSR.The results show that:annual averaged DSR decreases at a decreasing rate of-1.84 W·m^(-2)·decade^(-1) over the YKP from 1984 to 2018;the overall distribution of interannual averaged DSR shows higher in the mid-west,and gradually decreasing from west to northeast over the YKP;the estimated averaged DSR is larger in spring than in summer due to the influence of the monsoon;monthly averaged DSR reaches its maximum in May and its minimum in December;breakpoints are found in the seasonal and trend components of daily averaged DSR.Eleven driving factors are examined for their effects on DSR variation,including annual average temperature,precipitation,10 m wind speed,aerosol optical thickness(AOT),total cloud cover,elevation,slope,aspect,longitude,latitude,and climate zones.According to thefindings,AOT predominates in the spatio-temporal distribution of DSR over the YKP.This study will contribute to studies related to climate change and highland radiation.展开更多
With the rapid development of sequencing technologies,especially the maturity of third-generation sequencing technologies,there has been a significant increase in the number and quality of published genome assemblies....With the rapid development of sequencing technologies,especially the maturity of third-generation sequencing technologies,there has been a significant increase in the number and quality of published genome assemblies.The emergence of these high-quality genomes has raised higher requirements for genome evaluation.Although numerous computational methods have been developed to evaluate assembly quality from various perspectives,the selective use of these evaluation methods can be arbitrary and inconvenient for fairly comparing the assembly quality.To address this issue,we have developed the Genome Assembly Evaluating Pipeline(GAEP),which provides a comprehensive assessment pipeline for evaluating genome quality from multiple perspectives,including continuity,completeness,and correctness.Additionally,GAEP includes new functions for detecting misassemblies and evaluating the assembly redundancy,which performs well in our testing.GAEP is publicly available at https://github.com/zyoptimistic/GAEP under the GPL3.0 License.With GAEP,users can quickly obtain accurate and reliable evaluation results,facilitating the comparison and selection of high-quality genome assemblies.展开更多
Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum cases have opposite trends in Anhui China in the past decade.Long term and seasonal trends in the transmission rate of P.falciparum in Africa has been well studied,however th...Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum cases have opposite trends in Anhui China in the past decade.Long term and seasonal trends in the transmission rate of P.falciparum in Africa has been well studied,however that of P.vivax transmitted by Anopheles sinensis in China has not been investigated.There is a lot of work on the relationship between P.vivax cases and climatic factors in China,with sometimes contradicting results.However,how climatic factors affect transmission rate of P.vivax in China is unknown.We used Anhui province as an example to analyze the recent transmission dynamics where two types of malaria have been reported with differing etiologies.We examined breakpoints of the P.vivax and P.falciparum malaria long term dynamics in the recent decade.For locally transmitted P.vivax malaria,we analyzed the transmission rate and its seasonality using the combined human and mosquitos SIR-SI model with time-varied mosquito biting rate.We identified the effects of meteorological factors on the seasonality in transmission rate using a GAM model.For the imported P.falciparum ma-laria,we analyzed the potential reason for the observed increase in cases.The breakpoints of P.vivax and P.falciparum dynamics happened in a same year,2010.The seasonality in the transmission rate of P.vivax malaria was high(42.4%)and was linearly associated with temperature and nonlinearly with rainfall.The abrupt increase in im-ported P.falciparum cases after the breakpoint was significantly related to the increased annual Chinese investment in Africa.Under the conditions of the existing vectors of malaria,long-term trends in climatic fac-tors,and increasing trend in migration to/from endemic areas and imported malaria cases,we should be cautious of the possibility of the reestablishment of malaria in regions where it has been eliminated or the establishment of other vector-borne diseases.展开更多
Power system faults can often result in excessively high currents.If sustained for a long time,such high currents can damage system equipment.Thus,it is desirable to operate the relays in the minimum possible time.In ...Power system faults can often result in excessively high currents.If sustained for a long time,such high currents can damage system equipment.Thus,it is desirable to operate the relays in the minimum possible time.In this paper,a busbar splitting approach is used for adaptive relay setting and co-ordination purposes for a system integrity protec-tion scheme(SIPS).Whenever a fault occurs,the busbar splitting scheme splits a bus to convert a loop into a radial structure.The splitting schemes are chosen such that the net fault current is also reduced.Busbar splitting elimi-nates the dependency upon minimum breakpoints set(MBPS)and reduces the relay operating time,thus making it adaptive.The proposed methodology is incorporated into the IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus systems with single and multiple fault conditions.The modeling and simulation carried out in ETAP,and the results of the proposed busbar splitting-based relay co-ordination are compared with the MBPS splitting-based relay co-ordination.展开更多
The annual peak growth and trend shift of vegetation are critical in characterizing the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems.As the well-known area with the fastest vegetation growth in the world,the Loess Plat...The annual peak growth and trend shift of vegetation are critical in characterizing the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems.As the well-known area with the fastest vegetation growth in the world,the Loess Plateau(LP)lands find an enhanced greening trend in the annual and growing-season.However,the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation peak growth and breakpoints characteristics on time series still needs to be explored.Here,we performed tendency analysis to characterize recent variations in annual peak vegetation growth through a satellite-derived vegetation index(NDVI_(max),Maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)and then applied breakpoint analysis to capture abrupt points on the time series.The results demonstrated that the vegetation peak trend had been significantly increasing,with a growth rate at 0.68×10^(-2)·a^(-1) during 2001-2018,and most pixels(70.81%)have a positive linear greening trend over the entire LP.In addition,about 83%of the breakpoint type on the monthly NDVI time series is a monotonic increase at the pixel level,and most pixels(57%)have detected breakpoints after 2010.Our results also showed that the growth rate accelerates in the northwest and decelerates in the southeast after the breakpoint.This study indicates that combining abrupt analysis with gradual analysis can describe vegetation dynamics more effectively and comprehensively.The findings highlighted the importance of breakpoint analysis for monitor timing and shift using time series satellite data at a regional scale,which may help stakeholders to make reasonable and effective ecosystem management policies.展开更多
文摘Understanding local susceptibility patterns is important when selecting antimicrobials for initial empirical antibiotic-therapy of bloodstream infections. Because the determination of susceptibility is dependent on the breakpoints used, the aim of the study was to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility results to different classes of antibiotics of 512 strains of Enterobacteriaceae (200 ESβL positive) isolated from bloodstream using CLSI 2013 and current EUCAST 2013 guidelines to evaluate the impact of break-point discrepancies. The results of the study showed that statistically significant discrepancies (p ≤ 0.001) were found for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin alone or with tazobac-tam, imipenem, meropenem, cefepime (only ESβL negative isolates), amikacin and gentamicin using current CLSI or EUCAST interpretive criteria. Further harmonization of CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints is warranted. This study could give useful information to physicians for managing bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae.
文摘Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)is a myeloproliferative neoplasm and was the first neoplastic disease associated with a well-defined genotypic anomaly―the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome.The advances in cytogenetic and molecular assays are of great importance to the diagnosis,prognosis,treatment,and monitoring of CML.The discovery of the breakpoint cluster region(BCR)-Abelson murine leukemia(ABL)1 fusion oncogene has revolutionized the treatment of CML patients by allowing the development of targeted drugs that inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(known as TKIs)are the standard therapy for CML and greatly increase the survival rates,despite adverse effects and the odds of residual disease after discontinuation of treatment.As therapeutic alternatives,the subsequent TKIs lead to faster and deeper molecular remissions;however,with the emergence of resistance to these drugs,immunotherapy appears as an alternative,which may have a cure potential in these patients.Against this background,this article aims at providing an overview on CML clinical management and a summary on the main targeted drugs available in that context.
文摘Since in most tumors multiple signaling pathways are involved,many of the inhibitors in clinical development are designed to affect a wide range of targeted kinases.The most important tyrosine kinase families in the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the ABL,SCR,platelet derived growth factor,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor families.Both multi-kinase inhibitors and singlekinase inhibitors have advantages and disadvantages,which are related to potential resistance mechanisms,pharmacokinetics,selectivity and tumor environment.In different malignancies various tyrosine kinases are mutated or overexpressed and several resistance mechanisms exist.Pharmacokinetics is influenced by interindividual differences and differs for two single targeted inhibitors or between patients treated by the same tyrosine kinase inhibitor.Different tyrosine kinase inhibitors have various mechanisms to achieve selectivity,while differences in gene expression exist between tumor and stromal cells.Considering these aspects,one type of inhibitor can generally not be preferred above the other,but will depend on the specific genetic constitution of the patient and the tumor,allowing personalized therapy.The most effective way of cancer treatment by using tyrosine kinase inhibitors is to consider each patient/tumor individually and to determine the strategy that specifically targets the consequences of altered(epi)genetics of the tumor.This strategy might result in treatment by a single multi kinase inhibitor for one patient,but in treatment by a couple of single kinase inhibitors for other patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Ewing sarcomas(ESs)are highly aggressive malignancy and are predominant in the long bones of extremities of children and young adults with a slight male predilection and rarely presents at extra skeletal locations.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old woman came to our hospital after finding elevated tumor biomarkers during her physical examination.Her enhanced computed tomography scan showed a jejunal mass.The patient underwent laparoscopic enterectomy.The mass was later diagnosed as ES,evidenced by fluorescence in situ hybridization whereby the GLP ES breakpoint region 1 probe was used,showing that more than 10%of the cells showed a red-green-yellow signal proving the breakpoint rearrangement of the ES breakpoint region 1 gene in chromosome 22.CONCLUSION We describe a case of localized ES at the jejunum in China based on the literature.
基金supported by Fund of National Science & Technology monumental projects under Grants No. 2012ZX03005012, 2011ZX03005-004-03, 2009ZX03003-007
文摘Non-stationary time series could be divided into piecewise stationary stochastic signal. However, the number and locations of breakpoints, as well as the approximation function of the respective segment signal are unknown. To solve this problem, a novel on-line structural breaks estimation algorithm based on piecewise autoregressive processes is proposed. In order to find the "best" combination of the number, lengths, and orders of the piecewise autoregressive (AR) processes, the Akaikes Information Criterion (AIC) and Yule-Walker equations are applied to estimate an AR model fit to the data. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed estimation algorithm is suitable for different data series. Furthermore, the algorithm is used in a clinical study of electroencephalogram (EEG) with satisfactory results, and the ability to deal with real-time data is the most outstanding characteristic of on-line structural breaks estimation algorithm proposed.
文摘Objective To investigate the frequency of t(14; 18) in different subtypes of B-cell lymphomas and the ability or the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to detect this rearrangement in frozen samples. Methods 1o7 cases of B-cell lymphomas were studied uslng DNA extracted from rresh-frozen tissues. The DNA samples were amplified by PCR for bcl-2 MBR/JH. The products of bcl-2/JH rearrangement were hybridized with an internal olignucleotide probe or bcl-2 MBR. Results The rearranged bcl-2MBR/JH gene was detected in 13 of the 25(52. o% ) follicular center lymphomas, according to REAL classification: 8 of 11 (72. 7%) grade 1, 2 of 5(40. 0%) grade I, and 3 of 90 (33. 3%) grade, 17 of 82(2o. 8%) cases or difruse large B-cell lymphomas were found to have detectable bel-2 MBR/J. rearrangement- Conclusion The rrequency or bcl-2 MBR/JH rearrangement in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas is significantly lower than those in follicular center lympkomas(X2= 9. 28, P <o. oo5), suggesting that bcl2/JH rearrangements occur mainly in follicular center lymphomas. in addition, the result of reconstruction experiments suggest that amplification or bcl-2 MBR/JH rearrangements by PCR is both sensitive and specific for detection of t (14; 18 ) translocation.
文摘Background: Patients with stem cell myeloproliferative disorders have a particularly poor prognosis and limited treatment options, i.e. mainly aggressive chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In 2004, Chen et al. reported a patient presenting a t(8;13) (p11;q12) cytogenic anomaly who responded positively to treatment with PKC412 (midostaurin), an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Here, we report a second case treated with the above-mentioned drug. Patient: A 71-year-old woman was diagnosed as having chronic myelogenous leukaemia with eosinophilia secondary to t(8;13) with FGFR1 involvement. Due to her age, an allogeneic stem cell transplantation was not possible. Treatment: A treatment combining aggressive chemotherapy and midostaurin was explored. The patient received one cycle of hyper-CVAD chemotherapy followed by maintenance therapy with midostaurin. A relapse occurred after six months, and she was treated with four more cycles of hyper-CVAD chemotherapy. The patient entered a complete clinical, haematological and cytogenetic remission. A maintenance therapy with midostaurin continued for four months until she developed a chemoresistant relapse followed by acute leukaemia. Conclusion: This is the second case of a t(8;13) myeloid and lymphoid neoplasm with FGFR1 abnormalities treated successfully with midostaurin. Midostaurin is administered orally, allows for outpatient care and in this case showed only occasional and minimal side effects. The combination of hyper-CVAD and midostaurin extended survival by 21 months without allogeneic transplantation. This case further supports the possibility of using midostaurin for the treatment of other diseases with FGFR1 dysregulations;however, specific clinical trials are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
基金supported in part by the Platform Construction Project of High Level Talent in KUSTn part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42230109 and 41961053].
文摘The downward shortwave radiation(DSR)is a key input parameter for land surface models and climate models.Based on the daily averaged Global Land Surface Satellite downward shortwave radiation(GLASS-DSR)dataset over the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau(YKP)from 1984 to 2018,this paper analyzes variation trend and breakpoints of DSR.The results show that:annual averaged DSR decreases at a decreasing rate of-1.84 W·m^(-2)·decade^(-1) over the YKP from 1984 to 2018;the overall distribution of interannual averaged DSR shows higher in the mid-west,and gradually decreasing from west to northeast over the YKP;the estimated averaged DSR is larger in spring than in summer due to the influence of the monsoon;monthly averaged DSR reaches its maximum in May and its minimum in December;breakpoints are found in the seasonal and trend components of daily averaged DSR.Eleven driving factors are examined for their effects on DSR variation,including annual average temperature,precipitation,10 m wind speed,aerosol optical thickness(AOT),total cloud cover,elevation,slope,aspect,longitude,latitude,and climate zones.According to thefindings,AOT predominates in the spatio-temporal distribution of DSR over the YKP.This study will contribute to studies related to climate change and highland radiation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project Program of China(2022YFC3400300,2019YFE0109600)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701584).
文摘With the rapid development of sequencing technologies,especially the maturity of third-generation sequencing technologies,there has been a significant increase in the number and quality of published genome assemblies.The emergence of these high-quality genomes has raised higher requirements for genome evaluation.Although numerous computational methods have been developed to evaluate assembly quality from various perspectives,the selective use of these evaluation methods can be arbitrary and inconvenient for fairly comparing the assembly quality.To address this issue,we have developed the Genome Assembly Evaluating Pipeline(GAEP),which provides a comprehensive assessment pipeline for evaluating genome quality from multiple perspectives,including continuity,completeness,and correctness.Additionally,GAEP includes new functions for detecting misassemblies and evaluating the assembly redundancy,which performs well in our testing.GAEP is publicly available at https://github.com/zyoptimistic/GAEP under the GPL3.0 License.With GAEP,users can quickly obtain accurate and reliable evaluation results,facilitating the comparison and selection of high-quality genome assemblies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2018MH037).
文摘Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum cases have opposite trends in Anhui China in the past decade.Long term and seasonal trends in the transmission rate of P.falciparum in Africa has been well studied,however that of P.vivax transmitted by Anopheles sinensis in China has not been investigated.There is a lot of work on the relationship between P.vivax cases and climatic factors in China,with sometimes contradicting results.However,how climatic factors affect transmission rate of P.vivax in China is unknown.We used Anhui province as an example to analyze the recent transmission dynamics where two types of malaria have been reported with differing etiologies.We examined breakpoints of the P.vivax and P.falciparum malaria long term dynamics in the recent decade.For locally transmitted P.vivax malaria,we analyzed the transmission rate and its seasonality using the combined human and mosquitos SIR-SI model with time-varied mosquito biting rate.We identified the effects of meteorological factors on the seasonality in transmission rate using a GAM model.For the imported P.falciparum ma-laria,we analyzed the potential reason for the observed increase in cases.The breakpoints of P.vivax and P.falciparum dynamics happened in a same year,2010.The seasonality in the transmission rate of P.vivax malaria was high(42.4%)and was linearly associated with temperature and nonlinearly with rainfall.The abrupt increase in im-ported P.falciparum cases after the breakpoint was significantly related to the increased annual Chinese investment in Africa.Under the conditions of the existing vectors of malaria,long-term trends in climatic fac-tors,and increasing trend in migration to/from endemic areas and imported malaria cases,we should be cautious of the possibility of the reestablishment of malaria in regions where it has been eliminated or the establishment of other vector-borne diseases.
文摘Power system faults can often result in excessively high currents.If sustained for a long time,such high currents can damage system equipment.Thus,it is desirable to operate the relays in the minimum possible time.In this paper,a busbar splitting approach is used for adaptive relay setting and co-ordination purposes for a system integrity protec-tion scheme(SIPS).Whenever a fault occurs,the busbar splitting scheme splits a bus to convert a loop into a radial structure.The splitting schemes are chosen such that the net fault current is also reduced.Busbar splitting elimi-nates the dependency upon minimum breakpoints set(MBPS)and reduces the relay operating time,thus making it adaptive.The proposed methodology is incorporated into the IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus systems with single and multiple fault conditions.The modeling and simulation carried out in ETAP,and the results of the proposed busbar splitting-based relay co-ordination are compared with the MBPS splitting-based relay co-ordination.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31760694 and 41601181).
文摘The annual peak growth and trend shift of vegetation are critical in characterizing the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems.As the well-known area with the fastest vegetation growth in the world,the Loess Plateau(LP)lands find an enhanced greening trend in the annual and growing-season.However,the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation peak growth and breakpoints characteristics on time series still needs to be explored.Here,we performed tendency analysis to characterize recent variations in annual peak vegetation growth through a satellite-derived vegetation index(NDVI_(max),Maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)and then applied breakpoint analysis to capture abrupt points on the time series.The results demonstrated that the vegetation peak trend had been significantly increasing,with a growth rate at 0.68×10^(-2)·a^(-1) during 2001-2018,and most pixels(70.81%)have a positive linear greening trend over the entire LP.In addition,about 83%of the breakpoint type on the monthly NDVI time series is a monotonic increase at the pixel level,and most pixels(57%)have detected breakpoints after 2010.Our results also showed that the growth rate accelerates in the northwest and decelerates in the southeast after the breakpoint.This study indicates that combining abrupt analysis with gradual analysis can describe vegetation dynamics more effectively and comprehensively.The findings highlighted the importance of breakpoint analysis for monitor timing and shift using time series satellite data at a regional scale,which may help stakeholders to make reasonable and effective ecosystem management policies.
