BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is g...BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is gradually increasing.CASE SUMMARY Although reports of breast and thyroid dual cancers are common,cases of an additional diagnosis of kidney primary cancer within the same individual are rare.CONCLUSION We present a case of simultaneous MPMN of three endocrine organs,reviewing the relevant literature to enhance our understanding of SMPMNs while emphasizing the increasingly important need for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management whenever this challenging situation arises.展开更多
Implant-based reconstruction is the most common method of breast reconstruction.Autologous breast reconstruction is an indispensable option for breast reconstruction demanding keen microsurgical skills and robust anat...Implant-based reconstruction is the most common method of breast reconstruction.Autologous breast reconstruction is an indispensable option for breast reconstruction demanding keen microsurgical skills and robust anatomical understanding.The reconstructive choice is made by the patient after a discussion with the plastic surgeon covering all the available options.Advantages and disadvantages of each technique along with long-term oncologic outcome are reviewed.展开更多
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted.A high proportion of the Chinese breast cancer(BC)physician respondents(n=77)would prescribe extended adjuvant endocrine therapy(AET)with aromatase inhibitors(AI)beyond 5 ...A cross-sectional online survey was conducted.A high proportion of the Chinese breast cancer(BC)physician respondents(n=77)would prescribe extended adjuvant endocrine therapy(AET)with aromatase inhibitors(AI)beyond 5 years for postmenopausal females with BC,especially those with higher risk.Respondents with≥15 years of clinical experience were more likely to prescribe a longer duration of AET for low-risk patients.Half of the respondents considered intermittent letrozole as an acceptable option.Most respondents would prescribe adjuvant chemotherapy to genomic high-intermediate risk[Oncotype DX recurrence score(RS)21-25]females aged≤50 years regardless of the clinical risk classification.展开更多
Breast cancer is a global health concern with a significant impact on the well-being of women. Worldwide, the past several decades have witnessed changes in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. Additionally,e...Breast cancer is a global health concern with a significant impact on the well-being of women. Worldwide, the past several decades have witnessed changes in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. Additionally,epidemiological data reveal distinct geographic and demographic disparities globally. A range of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are established as being associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer.This review discusses genetic, hormonal, behavioral, environmental, and breast-related risk factors. Screening plays a critical role in the effective management of breast cancer. Various screening modalities, including mammography,ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), and physical examination, have different applications, and a combination of these modalities is applied in practice. Current screening recommendations are based on factors including age and risk, with a significant emphasis on minimizing potential harms to achieve an optimal benefits-to-harms ratio. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the epidemiology, risk factors, and screening of breast cancer. Understanding these elements is crucial for improving breast cancer management and reducing its burden on affected individuals and healthcare systems.展开更多
Objective Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Accurate evaluation of the size and extent of the tumor is crucial in selecting a suitable surgical method for patients with breast cancer. Bot...Objective Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Accurate evaluation of the size and extent of the tumor is crucial in selecting a suitable surgical method for patients with breast cancer. Both overestimation and underestimation have important adverse effects on patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of breast magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and ultrasound(US) examination for measuring the size and extent of early-stage breast neoplasms.Methods The longest diameter of breast tumors in patients with T_(1–2)N_(0–1)M_0 invasive breast cancer preparing for breast-conserving surgery(BCS) was measured preoperatively by using both MRI and US and their accuracy was compared with that of postoperative pathologic examination. If the diameter difference was within 2 mm, it was considered to be consistent with pathologic examination.Results A total of 36 patients were imaged using both MRI and US. The mean longest diameter of the tumors on MRI, US, and postoperative pathologic examination was 20.86 mm ± 4.09 mm(range: 11–27 mm), 16.14 mm ± 4.91 mm(range: 6–26 mm), and 18.36 mm ± 3.88 mm(range: 9–24 mm). US examination underestimated the size of the tumor compared to that determined using pathologic examination(t = 3.49, P < 0.01), while MRI overestimated it(t =-6.35, P < 0.01). The linear correlation coefficients between the image measurements and pathologic tumor size were r = 0.826(P < 0.01) for MRI and r = 0.645(P < 0.01) for US. The rate of consistency of MRI and US compared to that with pathologic examination was 88.89% and 80.65%, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between them(χ~2 = 0.80, P > 0.05).Conclusion MRI and US are both effective methods to assess the size of breast tumors, and they maintain good consistency with pathologic examination. MRI has a better correlation with pathology. However, we should be careful about the risk of inaccurate size estimation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor(GCT)of the breast(GCTB)is a rare neoplasm that can exhibit malignant characteristics both clinically and radiologically.This tumor can also coexist and colocalize with breast carcinoma.C...BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor(GCT)of the breast(GCTB)is a rare neoplasm that can exhibit malignant characteristics both clinically and radiologically.This tumor can also coexist and colocalize with breast carcinoma.CASE SUMMARY We present a patient with this uncommon tumor and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in order to further the knowledge of GCTB and prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment.The characteristics of the tumor,methods of diagnosis,therapy and postoperative pathological outcomes were analyzed,and relevant literatures of GCTs were reviewed.The patient underwent surgery after core needle biopsy,and the excised neoplasm was sent for pathological examination.Histological analysis revealed nests of cells with abundant pink granular cytoplasm,confirming the diagnosis of GCTB.CONCLUSION As manifestations of GCT and malignancy can mimic each other,a careful histological examination is essential before major surgery.Treatment consisting of complete excision with close clinical follow-up is recommended.展开更多
目的探讨基于组织学、免疫组化的三阴型乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)分型标准,为完善TNBC分型治疗提供理论依据。方法根据组织学特点和免疫组化标志物AR、CD8、FOXC1的表达对TNBC进行分型,比较TNBC亚型的临床病理特征、...目的探讨基于组织学、免疫组化的三阴型乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)分型标准,为完善TNBC分型治疗提供理论依据。方法根据组织学特点和免疫组化标志物AR、CD8、FOXC1的表达对TNBC进行分型,比较TNBC亚型的临床病理特征、预后差异。结果93例TNBC中腔面雄激素受体型23例(24.7%),免疫调节型24例(25.8%),基底样免疫抑制型39例(42.0%),间充质型7例(7.5%)。TNBC亚型的临床病理特征:pT分期(P=0.030)、组织学分级(P<0.001)、肿瘤间质淋巴细胞浸润模式(P<0.001)、PD-L1(P<0.001)、HER2低表达(P=0.024)差异均有统计学意义;各亚型间的无瘤生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素分层生存分析:亚型间pT1分期的无瘤生存率差异有统计学意义(P=0.011),其余临床病理特征均为非独立预后因素。结论TNBC基于组织学、免疫组化分型的临床病理特征有差异,有望替代复杂基因表达谱分型,为TNBC分型和靶向治疗提供理论依据。展开更多
基金Shanxi Soft Science General Program,No.2018041032-2.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is gradually increasing.CASE SUMMARY Although reports of breast and thyroid dual cancers are common,cases of an additional diagnosis of kidney primary cancer within the same individual are rare.CONCLUSION We present a case of simultaneous MPMN of three endocrine organs,reviewing the relevant literature to enhance our understanding of SMPMNs while emphasizing the increasingly important need for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management whenever this challenging situation arises.
文摘Implant-based reconstruction is the most common method of breast reconstruction.Autologous breast reconstruction is an indispensable option for breast reconstruction demanding keen microsurgical skills and robust anatomical understanding.The reconstructive choice is made by the patient after a discussion with the plastic surgeon covering all the available options.Advantages and disadvantages of each technique along with long-term oncologic outcome are reviewed.
文摘A cross-sectional online survey was conducted.A high proportion of the Chinese breast cancer(BC)physician respondents(n=77)would prescribe extended adjuvant endocrine therapy(AET)with aromatase inhibitors(AI)beyond 5 years for postmenopausal females with BC,especially those with higher risk.Respondents with≥15 years of clinical experience were more likely to prescribe a longer duration of AET for low-risk patients.Half of the respondents considered intermittent letrozole as an acceptable option.Most respondents would prescribe adjuvant chemotherapy to genomic high-intermediate risk[Oncotype DX recurrence score(RS)21-25]females aged≤50 years regardless of the clinical risk classification.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2021-I2M-1-014 and No. 2022-I2M-2-002)。
文摘Breast cancer is a global health concern with a significant impact on the well-being of women. Worldwide, the past several decades have witnessed changes in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. Additionally,epidemiological data reveal distinct geographic and demographic disparities globally. A range of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are established as being associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer.This review discusses genetic, hormonal, behavioral, environmental, and breast-related risk factors. Screening plays a critical role in the effective management of breast cancer. Various screening modalities, including mammography,ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), and physical examination, have different applications, and a combination of these modalities is applied in practice. Current screening recommendations are based on factors including age and risk, with a significant emphasis on minimizing potential harms to achieve an optimal benefits-to-harms ratio. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the epidemiology, risk factors, and screening of breast cancer. Understanding these elements is crucial for improving breast cancer management and reducing its burden on affected individuals and healthcare systems.
文摘Objective Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Accurate evaluation of the size and extent of the tumor is crucial in selecting a suitable surgical method for patients with breast cancer. Both overestimation and underestimation have important adverse effects on patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of breast magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and ultrasound(US) examination for measuring the size and extent of early-stage breast neoplasms.Methods The longest diameter of breast tumors in patients with T_(1–2)N_(0–1)M_0 invasive breast cancer preparing for breast-conserving surgery(BCS) was measured preoperatively by using both MRI and US and their accuracy was compared with that of postoperative pathologic examination. If the diameter difference was within 2 mm, it was considered to be consistent with pathologic examination.Results A total of 36 patients were imaged using both MRI and US. The mean longest diameter of the tumors on MRI, US, and postoperative pathologic examination was 20.86 mm ± 4.09 mm(range: 11–27 mm), 16.14 mm ± 4.91 mm(range: 6–26 mm), and 18.36 mm ± 3.88 mm(range: 9–24 mm). US examination underestimated the size of the tumor compared to that determined using pathologic examination(t = 3.49, P < 0.01), while MRI overestimated it(t =-6.35, P < 0.01). The linear correlation coefficients between the image measurements and pathologic tumor size were r = 0.826(P < 0.01) for MRI and r = 0.645(P < 0.01) for US. The rate of consistency of MRI and US compared to that with pathologic examination was 88.89% and 80.65%, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between them(χ~2 = 0.80, P > 0.05).Conclusion MRI and US are both effective methods to assess the size of breast tumors, and they maintain good consistency with pathologic examination. MRI has a better correlation with pathology. However, we should be careful about the risk of inaccurate size estimation.
文摘BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor(GCT)of the breast(GCTB)is a rare neoplasm that can exhibit malignant characteristics both clinically and radiologically.This tumor can also coexist and colocalize with breast carcinoma.CASE SUMMARY We present a patient with this uncommon tumor and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in order to further the knowledge of GCTB and prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment.The characteristics of the tumor,methods of diagnosis,therapy and postoperative pathological outcomes were analyzed,and relevant literatures of GCTs were reviewed.The patient underwent surgery after core needle biopsy,and the excised neoplasm was sent for pathological examination.Histological analysis revealed nests of cells with abundant pink granular cytoplasm,confirming the diagnosis of GCTB.CONCLUSION As manifestations of GCT and malignancy can mimic each other,a careful histological examination is essential before major surgery.Treatment consisting of complete excision with close clinical follow-up is recommended.
文摘目的探讨基于组织学、免疫组化的三阴型乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)分型标准,为完善TNBC分型治疗提供理论依据。方法根据组织学特点和免疫组化标志物AR、CD8、FOXC1的表达对TNBC进行分型,比较TNBC亚型的临床病理特征、预后差异。结果93例TNBC中腔面雄激素受体型23例(24.7%),免疫调节型24例(25.8%),基底样免疫抑制型39例(42.0%),间充质型7例(7.5%)。TNBC亚型的临床病理特征:pT分期(P=0.030)、组织学分级(P<0.001)、肿瘤间质淋巴细胞浸润模式(P<0.001)、PD-L1(P<0.001)、HER2低表达(P=0.024)差异均有统计学意义;各亚型间的无瘤生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素分层生存分析:亚型间pT1分期的无瘤生存率差异有统计学意义(P=0.011),其余临床病理特征均为非独立预后因素。结论TNBC基于组织学、免疫组化分型的临床病理特征有差异,有望替代复杂基因表达谱分型,为TNBC分型和靶向治疗提供理论依据。
