Comparative analysis of conventional ultrasound and shear wave elastography features in primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

BACKGROUND Primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(PB-DLBCL)is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that accounts for<3%of extranodal lymphomas and 1%of breast tumors.Its diagnosis and management are challenging because of its rarity,heterogeneity,and aggressive behavior.Conventional ultrasound(US)is the first-line imaging modality for breast lesions;however,it has limited specificity and accuracy for PB-DLBCL.Shear wave elastography(SWE)is a novel US technique that measures tissue stiffness and may reflect the histological characteristics and biological behavior of breast lesions.AIM To compare the conventional US and SWE features of PB-DLBCL and evaluate their diagnostic performance and prognostic value.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and US images of 32 patients with pathologically confirmed PB-DLBCL who underwent conventional US and SWE before treatment.We analyzed conventional US features(shape,margin,orientation,echo,posterior acoustic features,calcification,and vascularity)and SWE features(mean elasticity value,standard deviation,minimum elasticity value,maximum elasticity value,and lesion-to-fat ratio)of the PB-DLBCL lesions.Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,we determined the optimal cutoff values and diagnostic performance of conventional US and SWE features.We also performed a survival analysis to assess the prognostic value of conventional US and SWE features.RESULTS The results showed that the PB-DLBCL lesions were mostly irregular in shape(84.4%),microlobulated or spiculated in margins(75%),parallel in orientation(65.6%),hypoechoic in echo(87.5%),and had posterior acoustic enhancement(65.6%).Calcification was rare(6.3%)and vascularity was variable(31.3%avascular,37.5%hypovascular,and 31.3%hypervascular).The mean elasticity value of PB-DLBCL lesions was significantly higher than that of benign breast lesions(113.4±46.9 kPa vs 27.8±16.4 kPa,P<0.001).The optimal cutoff value of the mean elasticity for distinguishing PB-DLBCL from benign breast lesions was 54.5 kPa,with a sensitivity of 93.8%,specificity of 92.9%,positive predictive value of 93.8%,negative predictive value of 92.9%,and accuracy of 93.3%.The mean elasticity value was also significantly correlated with Ki-67 expression level(r=0.612,P<0.001),which is a marker of tumor proliferation and aggressiveness.Survival analysis showed that patients with higher mean elasticity values(>54.5 kPa)had worse overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)than those with lower mean elasticity values(<54.5 kPa)(P=0.038 for OS and P=0.027 for PFS).CONCLUSION Conventional US and SWE provide useful information for diagnosing and forecasting PB-DLBCL.SWE excels in distinguishing PB-DLBCL from benign breast lesions,reflects tumor proliferation and aggressiveness,and improves disease management.

The Value of Clinical Breast Examination, Imaging, and Fine Needle Aspiration and the Challenge of Diagnosing Breast Cancer in a Low Resource Setting: A Hospital-Based Analytical Study in Yaounde

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world, as well as in Cameroon, where it represents about 20.1% of all cancers recorded in 2020. The number of pathologists in the country is as few as seven for a population of about 26 million. The diagnostic performances of diagnostic modalities other than histology—clinical breast examination (CBE), imaging and fine needle aspiration and cytology (FNA)—in our context are not known. Study Objectives: Our objectives were to estimate the proportions of cases managed with mammography, breast ultrasound and FNA and to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of CBE, mammography, breast ultrasound and FNA;using histology as reference. Study Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and analytical, and was carried out at the Yaoundé General Hospital. It lasted twelve months, April 2015 through March 2016 and covered the period January 2010 to February 2016. Using histology as reference, we calculated measures of diagnostic accuracy for all four modalities using the statistical methods of Galen and Gambino. Results: We recruited 107 cases, 105 females (98.1%) and 02 males. We had 112 breast lumps, 106 malignant (94.6%) and 6 benign. The mean lump size was 61.1 mm. The most frequently used diagnostic tool after CBE was FNA (49.1%), while the diagnostic accuracies were 76.8%, 79.1%, 82.9%, and 82.0% for CBE, breast US, mammography and FNA. Conclusion: The four baseline diagnostic modalities for breast cancer are used sub-optimally and FNA appears to be the most commonly used in our setting after CBE. We recommend that FNA should be considered for diagnosis as appropriate but a negative result should not stop the quest for histological elimination of presence of malignancy.

Evaluation of internal and shell stiffness in the differential diagnosis of breast non-mass lesions by shear wave elastography

BACKGROUND The diagnostic specificity of conventional ultrasound for breast non-mass lesions(NMLs)is low at approximately 21%-43%.Shear wave elastography(SWE)can distinguish benign from malignant lesions by evaluating the internal and peripheral stiffness.SWE has good reproducibility and high diagnostic efficacy.However,there are very few independent studies on the diagnostic value of SWE in breast NMLs.AIM To determine the value of SWE in the differential diagnosis of breast NMLs.METHODS This study enrolled a total of 118 patients with breast NMLs who underwent SWE examinations in the Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University and The Second Hospital of Shandong University from January 2019 to January 2020.The internal elastic parameters of the lesions were recorded,including maximum(Emax),mean(Emean)and minimum elastic values and the standard deviation.The following peripheral parameters were noted:Presence of a“stiff rim”sign;Emax,and Emean elasticity values within 1 mm,1.5 mm,2 mm,2.5 mm and 3 mm from the edge of NMLs.The receiver operating characteristic curve of each parameter was drawn,and the areas under the curve were calculated.RESULTS Emax,Emean and elastic values,and the standard deviation of the internal elastic values in malignant NMLs were significantly higher than those in benign NMLs(P<0.05).The percentage with the“stiff rim”sign in malignant NMLs was significantly higher than that in the benign group(P<0.05),and Emax and Emean at the shell of 1 mm,1.5 mm,2 mm,2.5 mm and 3 mm in the malignant group were all higher than those in the benign group(P<0.05).Of the surrounding elasticity values,Emax of the shell at 2.5 mm in malignant NMLs had maximum areas under the curve of 0.900,and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 94.57%and 85.86%,respectively.CONCLUSION The“stiff rim”sign and multiple quantitative elastic values within and around the lesion had good diagnostic performance in the differential diagnosis of breast NMLs.Emax in peripheral tissue had better diagnostic efficiency than other parameters.

Quantitative differential diagnosis of breasttumors using shear wave velocity and differentprobe orientations

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional benefit of the difference of maximum and minimum shear wave velocity(SWV) values obtained at different probe orientations(D-value) for the differential diagnosis of breast tumors.Methods SWV(m/s) was measured in 123 breast tumors(92 benign,31 malignant) in 76 female patients with the probe placed on the transverse,longitudinal,and 45° planes.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC) curves were compared with respect to the maximum SWV,minimum SWV,D-value,maximum SWV combined with the D-value,and minimum SWV combined with the D-value.Results There was a significant difference among the values of the maximum SWV,minimum SWV,and D-value for the 3 planes(P < 0.001).The AUROC curves for the maximum SWV,minimum SWV,and D-values of the 3 planes were 0.751(P = 0.379),0.486(P = 0.863),and 0.603(P = 0.204),respectively.The cutoff value for the maximum SWV for differentiating benign tumors from malignant tumors was 2.51 m/s(sensitivity 67%,specificity 50%).The cutoff value for the minimum SWV was 1.61 m/s(sensitivity 53%,specificity 50%).Adding the D-value increased the AUROC curve for the maximum SWV from 0.571 to 0.733 and the minimum SWV from 0.486 to 0.504(P = 0.964),respectively.Conclusion SWV differs in different planes of breast tumors.The D-value can provide a reference for the differential diagnosis of breast tumors.

Clinical significance of serum tumor markers and cytokines in the detection of breast cancer

Objective:To explore the clinical significance of serum tumor markers and cytokines in the detection of breast cancer.Methods:A total of 586 different breast cancer staging, 250 patients with benign breast disease and 250 controls were detected and compared the serum tumor markers (CA125, CA153, CA199, CEA,β-hCG, CYFRA21-1, TPS) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, GDF3) level.Results:The serum tumor staging of breast cancer were different markers (CA125, CA153, CA199, CEA,β-hCG, CYFRA21-1, TPS) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, GDF3) were higher than those in control group and benign breast disease group and had statistical difference, serum tumor between different groups of breast cancer staging markers and cytokine levels were statistically different, with the staging of elevated serum tumor markers were increased with stage IV breast cancer group was the highest, was found between the control group and the benign breast disease group serum tumor marker was found the difference and cytokine.Conclusion:Serum tumor markers (CA125, CA153, CA199, CEA,β-hCG, CYFRA21-1, TPS) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, GDF3) in breast cancer detection have important clinical significance.

Preventing breast cancer in LMICs via screening and/or early detection: The real and the surreal

To review the present status of breast cancer(BC) screening/early detection in low- and middle-income countries(LMICs) and identify the way forward, an open focused search for articles was undertaken in Pub Med, Google Scholar and Google, and using a snowball technique, further articles were obtained from the reference list of initial search results. In addition, a query was put up on Research Gate to obtain more references and find out the general opinion of experts on the topic. Experts were also personally contacted for their opinion. Breast cancer(BC) is the most common cancer in women in the world. The rise in incidence is highest in LMICs where the incidence has often been much lower than high-income countries. In spite of more women dying of cancer than pregnancy or childbirth related causes in LMICs, most of the focus and resources are devoted to maternal health. Also, the majority of women in LMICs present at late stages to a hospital to initiate treatment. A number of trials have been conducted in various LMICs regarding the use of clinical breast examination and mammography in various combinations to understand the best ways of implementing a population level screening/early detection of BC; nevertheless, more research in this area is badly needed for different LMIC specific contexts. No-tably, very few LMICs have national level programs for BC prevention via screening/early detection and even stage reduction is not on the public health agenda. This is in addition to other barriers such as lack of awareness among women regarding BC and the presence of stigma, inappropriate attitudes and lack of following proper screening behavior, such as conducting breast self-examinations. The above is mixed with the apathy and lack of awareness of policy makers regarding the fact that BC prevention is much more cost-effective and humane than BC treatment. Implementation of population level programs for screening/early detection of BC, along with use of ways to improve awareness of women regarding BC, can prove critical in stemming the increasing burden of BC in LMICs. Use of newer modalities such as ultrasonography which is more suited to LMIC populations and use of m Health for awareness creation and increasing screening compliance are much needed extra additions to the overall agenda of LMICs in preventing BC.

Knowledge and Awareness of Breast Cancer among Young Women in the United Arab Emirates

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It carries poor prognosis when detected late. Patients usually present at late stages due to lack of awareness of various aspects of breast cancer. Aim: The objective of this study is to gain insight into the level of knowledge of breast cancer among young adult females in UAE. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among females aged 25 to 45. A total of 492 females were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through an interview-based questionnaire. Frequency distributions and percentages were used to describe the knowledge tested within the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.5 years. Almost 27% of our participants received a high school degree. The average total knowledge of our population was 51%. The majority (89%) knew that breast cancer is common and 45% knew that it affects ages above forty. The knowledge of signs and symptoms was 53%, and more than half (57%) knew that the most common presenting sign is a breast lump. The knowledge of risk factors was 43%. Almost 94% knew that cancer can be detected early, and 93% knew that early diagnosis improves outcome. The total knowledge of screening methods was 67%. Conclusion: The study revealed that respondents’ knowledge of breast cancer is less than expected. The increased burden of the disease should be accompanied by powerful means of spreading awareness by implementing campaigns that would improve knowledge deficits.

乳腺肿瘤整形保乳手术治疗乳腺癌的临床效果研究

目的探究在乳腺癌患者的治疗中乳腺肿瘤整形保乳手术的临床应用效果。方法106例乳腺癌患者,按入院顺序编号分组,奇数者划至对照组,偶数者划至研究组,各53例。对照组以改良根治术治疗,研究组以整形保乳手术治疗。比较两组临床手术指标、术后并发症发生情况、手术前后血清肿瘤标志物水平、乳房美观满意度。结果研究组患者手术时间(129.74±10.65)min、术中失血量(64.29±9.31)ml、切口长度(4.64±1.19)cm、住院时间(4.88±1.10)d均优于对照组的(150.07±10.53)min、(86.71±10.29)ml、(10.48±3.74)cm、(5.92±1.21)d,组间比较统计学差异明显(P<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率5.66%低于对照组的22.64%,组间比较统计学差异明显(P<0.05)。两组术后癌抗原153(CA153)和癌胚抗原(CEA)均低于术前,统计学差异明显(P<0.05)。研究组患者对乳房美观的总满意度为96.23%,高于对照组的81.13%,组间比较统计学差异明显(P<0.05)。结论对于乳腺癌患者的手术治疗来说,乳腺肿瘤整形保乳手术的实施,可以在保证原有治疗效果的基础上,改善临床手术指标,减少术后并发症风险,同时满足患者在乳房美观度方面的要求,由此可见其良好的临床应用价值,因此可以于临床展开大力推广。

日间病房护理模式在乳腺良性肿瘤真空辅助旋切术患者中的应用

目的 探讨日间病房护理模式在乳腺良性肿瘤真空辅助旋切术患者中开展的应用效果。方法 选择东南大学附属中大医院乳腺外科2019年1月—2021年6月收治的186例乳腺良性肿瘤真空辅助旋切手术患者为研究对象。按护理模式不同分为对照组90例和观察组96例,对照组给予常规住院护理模式,观察组给予日间病房护理模式。比较2组患者住院时长、医疗费用、术后不良反应及护理满意度等情况。结果 观察组患者住院时长短于对照组,医疗费用低于对照组,护理满意度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);观察组患者不良反应总发生率为2.08%,低于对照组的10.00%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 乳腺良性肿瘤真空辅助旋切术患者应用日间病房护理模式疗效显著。

术前穿刺活检及术中冰冻病理技术用于乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润诊断的价值

目的:探讨术前穿刺活检及术中冰冻病理技术用于乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润的诊断价值,并分析疾病特征。方法:选取2021年2月—2022年2月龙岩市第二医院62例乳腺导管原位癌患者,所有患者均行术前穿刺活检和术中冰冻病理检查,以术后病理结果为诊断金标准,对比两种方式诊断效能,并比较两种疾病临床特点和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞分布状态。结果:术后病理学研究结果显示,62例患者中,38例为单纯乳腺导管原位癌患者,24例为乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润患者;术前穿刺活检诊断敏感性为91.67%、特异性为84.21%、准确性为87.10%、阳性预测值为78.57%、阴性预测值为94.12%,高于术中冰冻病理的58.33%、55.26%、56.45%、45.16%和54.74%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.111、7.544、14.370、6.904、7.494,P<0.05);乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润病灶直径为(3.21±0.54)cm,可触及肿块概率为95.83%,增殖细胞抗原(ki67)高表达概率为66.67%,高分化概率为70.83%,高于乳腺导管原位癌;孕激素受体阳性率为17.86%,雌激素受体阳性率为29.17%,低于乳腺导管原位癌,差异有统计学意义(t=4.948,χ^(2)=4.439、4.876,P<0.05)。结论:与术中冰冻病理比较,术前穿刺活检乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润准确性高;乳腺导管原位癌伴浸润和乳腺导管原位癌临床特征和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞分布状态各不相同,可为疾病鉴别诊断提供依据。

磁共振成像联合超声弹性成像在乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:分析磁共振成像联合超声弹性成像鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性肿瘤的效果。方法:收集2022年8月—2023年8月聊城市传染病医院收治的98例乳腺肿瘤患者资料开展回顾性分析。患者术前均进行超声弹性成像、磁共振成像检查。以病理诊断结果为金标准,分析超声弹性成像、磁共振成像单一检查与联合检查对乳腺肿瘤的诊断效能;通过Kappa系数评价不同检查方法与病理诊断的一致性。结果:(1)病理诊断结果显示,98例乳腺肿瘤患者中恶性55例(恶性组),良性43例良性(良性组)。超声弹性成像检查中良性组1~3分人数占比高于恶性组,4~5分人数占比低于恶性组(P<0.05)。(2)磁共振成像检查中良性组病灶形态片状、圆形人数占比高于恶性组,边缘毛刺、不规则人数占比低于恶性组(P<0.05)。(3)超声弹性成像、磁共振成像联合检查的灵敏度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值高于超声弹性成像单一检查(P<0.05)。(4)超声弹性成像诊断与病理诊断一致性尚可(Kappa值=0.508),磁共振成像与病理诊断一致性较好(Kappa值=0.855),联合检查与病理诊断一致性极好(Kappa值=0.896)。结论:乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断采取磁共振成像、超声弹性成像联合检查有更理想诊断效能。

常规超声及UE联合DBT对乳腺肿块良恶性诊断鉴别的准确性分析

目的 分析常规超声、超声弹性成像(UE)与数字乳腺断层合成(DBT)联合应用对乳腺肿块的定性诊断价值。方法 选择2022年1月至2023年12月152例乳腺肿块女性患者,年龄22~65岁,平均年龄44.12岁;身体质量指数18~26 kg/m^(2),平均身体质量指数22.45 kg/m^(2);肿块位置:左侧100例,右侧52例;肿块直径0.5~4.7cm,平均直径2.33 cm。均行常规超声、UE和DBT检查。以手术病理诊断为金标准,对比常规超声、UE和DBT单独使用与联合应用的定性诊断价值;对比良恶性乳腺肿块患者常规超声参数、UE参数和DBT参数。结果 手术病理诊断显示,152例均为单发性结节患者,共有152个肿块,84个为恶性,68个为良性。常规超声、UE和DBT单独使用对乳腺肿块良恶性的诊断效能对比,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);联合诊断灵敏度更高(95.24%vs 71.43%、76.19%、73.81%),对比单一诊断差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。恶性乳腺肿块弹性应变率、肿块直径、直径变化率、肿块面积、面积比、边缘清晰占比低于良性(2.92%±0.54%vs 6.06%±1.72%、13.56 mm±3.32 mm vs 19.78 mm±3.72 mm、0.22%±0.05%vs 0.39%±0.12%、8.68 cm2±1.72 cm2vs 16.54 cm2±3.18 cm^(2)、1.21%±0.24%vs 1.92%±0.36%、4.76%vs 73.53%),UE评分、血流信号等级、边缘模糊、遮蔽、毛刺、肿块结构扭曲、血液运行增加和血管穿入占比明显高于良性,组间差异有显著统计学意义(P <0.01)。结论常规超声、UE与DBT联合应用,可准确诊断乳腺肿块良恶性,可将影像学征象作为评估依据,有应用价值。

多参数MRI与实时组织超声弹性成像在乳腺肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的探讨多参数磁共振(Magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)与实时组织超声弹性成像(Real time tissue ultrasound elastography,RTE)在乳腺肿瘤中的诊断价值。方法选取2021年10月-2023年5月泰安市立医院收治的338例乳腺肿瘤患者为研究对象,其中乳腺恶性肿瘤169例作为恶性组,乳腺良性肿瘤169例作为良性组。所有患者均接受多参数MRI与RTE检查,统计恶性组与良性组、恶性组不同病理特征患者多参数MRI、RTE检查参数,比较多参数MRI检查、RTE检查联合多参数MRI与RTE(联合检查)对乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断效能以及与乳腺癌病理特征的关联性。结果恶性组平均扩散率(Mean diffusivity,MD)、扩散系数(Diffusion coefficient,D)低于良性组,平均扩散峰度值(Average diffusion kurtosis value,MK)、灌注分数(Perfusion fraction,f)、容积转运参数(Volume transfer parameters,K^(trans))、速率常数(Rate constant,K_(ep))、血管外细胞外容积分数(Extracellular volume fraction of blood vessels,V-e)、RTE评分高于良性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合检查对乳腺癌的诊断敏感度、准确度(97.04%、95.56%)高于多参数MRI(84.02%、89.35%)与RTE(82.25%、88.76%)单独检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合检查特异度(94.08%)与多参数MRI检查(94.67%)、RTE检查(95.27%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。淋巴结转移、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者MD、D低于无淋巴结转移、Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,MK、f、K^(trans)、K_(ep)、V-e、RTE评分高于无淋巴结转移、Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MD、D与乳腺癌淋巴结转移、疾病分期呈负相关,MK、f、K^(trans)、K_(ep)、V-e、RTE与乳腺癌淋巴结转移、疾病分期呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论多参数MRI与RTE单一检查均可诊断乳腺肿瘤良恶性,但二者联合检查可进一步提升诊断准确性,同时评估疾病病理特征,为疾病干预方案的制定提供参考依据。

乳腺癌患者超声征象与病理组织学类型的相关性分析

目的:研究乳腺癌患者超声征象与其病理组织学类型之间的相关性。方法:以回顾性研究纳入2020年1月—2022年1月南通市第一人民医院收治的70例乳腺癌患者的临床资料,均于治疗前行彩色多普勒超声检查,于治疗后行组织病理学检测。统计患者的一般资料,对不同病理组织学类型[乳腺浸润性小叶癌(ILC)、乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)]、分级(低分化、中高分化)患者的超声征象(肿块形态、毛刺征、高回声晕、后方回声、微小钙化、血流)进行比较分析。结果:70例患者组织学分类为IDC 45例、ILC 25例。组织学分化等级为低分化者32例、中高分化者38例。IDC患者中的肿块形态不规则比例低于ILC患者,微小钙化比例高于ILC患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);低分化乳腺癌患者的肿块形态不规则比例、微小钙化比例、血流丰富比例均高于中高分化乳腺癌患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺癌患者超声检查中的肿块形态不规则、微小钙化征象与其病理组织学类型和分级均有一定关系,血流丰富征象对判断乳腺癌患者的病理组织学分类亦有积极作用。

不同临床病理特征卵巢浆液性肿瘤患者E-cadherin、BRCA1及P53的表达变化研究

目的:探究不同卵巢浆液性肿瘤中E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、乳腺癌易感基因1(BRCA1)、P53的表达变化情况。方法:选取2017年12月—2022年2月赣州市妇幼保健院的50例卵巢浆液性癌患者为A组,同时期的40例卵巢交界性浆液性肿瘤患者为B组,30例卵巢良性浆液性囊腺瘤患者为C组。检测及比较三组的组织E-cadherin、BRCA1、P53表达情况,并比较A组中不同年龄、淋巴结转移情况、FIGO分期及不同病理分级者的检测结果。结果:A组的E-cadherin及BRCA1阳性率显著均低于B组及C组,B组则显著均低于C组(P<0.05);A组P53阳性率显著高于B组及C组,B组则显著高于C组(P<0.05)。A组中低级别浆液性癌者E-cadherin和BRCA1阳性率均高于高级别浆液性癌者,低级别浆液性癌者P53阳性率显著低于高级别浆液性癌者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组中不同年龄及FIGO分期者的组织E-cadherin、BRCA1及P53阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组有淋巴结转移者E-cadherin和BRCA1阳性率均低于无淋巴结转移者,有淋巴结转移者P53阳性率高于无淋巴结转移者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:卵巢浆液性癌患者中E-cadherin及BRCA1呈低表达,而P53呈高表达,且不同临床病理情况者存在差异,因此在卵巢浆液性癌的早期筛查检测中有一定的参考价值。

血清可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体P55、金属硫蛋白1E对雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌根治术病人临床转归的影响

目的探讨血清可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体P55(sTNFR-P55)、金属硫蛋白1E(MT1E)对雌激素受体(ER)阳性乳腺癌根治术病人临床转归的影响。方法2017年2月~2018年3月在本院治疗的ER阳性乳腺癌根治术病人146例,依据术后临床转归情况分为复发转移组和未复发转移组,比较两组病人的临床资料、血清sTNFR-P55、MT1E水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响ER阳性乳腺癌根治术病人临床转归的相关因素。制作受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,以曲线下面积(AUC)分析血清sTNFR-P55、MT1E及两者联合对ER阳性乳腺癌根治术病人临床转归的预测价值。结果截止随访结束,146例ER阳性乳腺癌根治术病人共有32例发生复发转移。复发转移组肿瘤直径、肿瘤坏死因子-α、糖类抗原125(CA125)、细胞角质蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、肿瘤分期为Ⅲ期占比、血清sTNFR-P55、MT1E水平均高于未复发转移组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,CYFRA21-1(OR=2.768,95%CI 1.107~6.920)、CEA(OR=2.751,95%CI 1.101~6.879)、肿瘤分期为Ⅲ期(OR=3.611,95%CI 1.444~9.029)、sTNFR-P55(OR=3.343,95%CI 1.337~8.361)及MT1E(OR=3.267,95%CI 1.307~8.169)均为影响ER阳性乳腺癌根治术病人临床转归的相关因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清sTNFR-P55、MT1E及两者联合对ER阳性乳腺癌根治术病人临床转归预测的灵敏度分别为78.12%(95%CI 59.56~90.06)、75.00%(95%CI 56.25~87.87)、71.88%(95%CI 53.02~85.60),特异度分别为63.16%(95%CI 53.56~71.85)、75.44%(95%CI 66.32~82.80)、96.49%(95%CI 90.73~98.87),AUC分别为0.723(95%CI 0.642~0.793)、0.760(95%CI 0.682~0.827)、0.880(95%CI 0.816~0.928)。结论血清sTNFR-P55、MT1E与ER阳性乳腺癌根治术病人临床转归有关,且血清sTNFR-P55、MT1E两者联合对ER阳性乳腺癌根治术病人临床转归预测效能较高。

复方斑蝥胶囊联合化疗治疗三阴性乳腺癌患者的疗效及对免疫功能的影响

目的探讨复方斑蝥胶囊联合化疗治疗三阴性乳腺癌患者的疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法根据治疗方式的不同将122例三阴性乳腺癌患者分为对照组(n=57,单纯化疗)和观察组(n=65,复方斑蝥胶囊联合化疗)。比较两组患者的临床疗效、肿瘤标志物[糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原15-3(CA15-3)]水平、免疫功能指标(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者的总有效率高于对照组(P﹤0.05)。治疗后,两组患者CA125、CA15-3水平均低于本组治疗前,观察组患者CA125、CA15-3水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。治疗后,两组患者CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均高于本组治疗前,CD8^(+)水平均低于本组治疗前,观察组患者CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均高于对照组,CD8^(+)水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。两组患者的不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论复方斑蝥胶囊联合化疗治疗三阴性乳腺癌患者可提高疗效,降低肿瘤标志物水平,增强免疫功能,且不增加不良反应。

扩展性无创产前筛查技术筛查额外检测信息的初步应用分析

目的探讨扩展性无创产前筛查(NIPT-plus)报告范围外额外检测信息的临床筛查效能。方法回顾性分析2021年10月至2022年7月在西北妇女儿童医院医学遗传中心接受NIPT-plus筛查的5473例孕妇的资料。统计、分析NIPT-plus报告范围外额外检测信息的检测情况,通过羊水细胞染色体拷贝数变异测序(CNV-seq)进行结果验证,电话随访妊娠结局。结果NIPT-plus额外检测信息提示其他染色体异常73例,额外结果阳性率1.33%(73/5473),包括染色体缺失14例,染色体重复59例。48例经过羊水细胞CNV-seq检测验证,其中NIPT-plus筛查出的额外阳性结果与CNV-seq结果较一致23例,阳性符合率47.92%(23/48);不一致25例,16例未检测到NIPT-plus筛查出的额外阳性结果,9例检测到与NIPT-plus筛查出的额外阳性结果不同的其他染色体拷贝数变异(CNV),阳性不符合率52.08%(25/48)。结论NIPT-plus额外检测信息在产前诊断中具有一定的临床价值,但筛查效能有限,NIPT-plus目前仍作为筛查手段,筛查结果阳性则必须进行介入性产前诊断,并结合产前诊断结果与随访等对孕妇和胎儿进行全面的遗传咨询和风险评估。

乳腺肿瘤患者病理诊断中使用免疫组化检查的准确性分析

目的 观察乳腺肿瘤患者病理诊断中使用免疫组化检查的准确性。方法 从2020年1月—2021年8月本院收治的乳腺肿瘤患者中随机选取71例作为研究对象,均采用免疫组化检查,整理并分析其病症类型、组织学特征情况、免疫组化检查与术后确诊结果的准确率、免疫组化检查结果等方面的情况。结果 71例乳腺肿瘤患者病症类型,以病理种类分类,包括浸润性导管癌占56.34%(40/71),黏液癌占33.80%(24/71),浸润性小叶癌占9.86%(7/71),以免疫组织化学分型分子种类分类中,Luminal A占21.13%(15/71),Luminal B占35.21%(25/71),HER-2过度表达占25.35%(18/71),三阴性乳腺癌占18.31%(13/71)。组织学特征情况:素受体阳性型占40.85%(29/71);激素受体阴性型占19.72%(14/71),HER-2阳性型占21.13%(15/71),基底细胞样占14.08%(10/71),正常乳腺样占4.23%(3/71)。免疫组化检查与术后确诊结果对比方面的准确率为100.00%;免疫组化检查结果中特异度包括P16基因为27.50%、P63抗体为85.00%、核蛋白Ki67为81.63%、表皮生长因子受体为89.99%、基底细胞角蛋白CK5/6为92.68%、原癌基因人类表皮生长因子受体2为95.24%,灵敏度包括P16基因为83.87%、P63抗体为77.42%、核蛋白Ki67为72.73%、表皮生长因子受体为70.00%、基底细胞角蛋白CK5/6为66.67%、原癌基因人类表皮生长因子受体2为65.52%。结论 对于乳腺肿瘤这种疾病来说,使用免疫组化检查可以提高诊断的精确性,减少误诊以及漏诊的情况发生,提高预后效果,为后续的临床治疗提供重要的科学依据,值得进行临床推广应用。

Value of ultrasound elastography in detecting small breast tumors

Background Detecting small breast tumors is difficult for conventional ultrasound. The goal of this study was to assess the value of ultrasound elastography in characterizing small breast tumors and to compare its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy with conventional ultrasound. Methods A total of 308 breast tumors less than 2 cm in size from 283 in-hospital patients examined with both conventional ultrasound and ultrasound elastography were retrospectively analyzed. The results were compared to surgical pathology. Results There were 104 malignant and 204 benign lesions. The sensitivities of sonography and sonoelastography were similar （P 〈0.05）, and the sensitivity of the two modalities combined improved remarkably to 97.1%. The mean elastic score of malignant and benign tumors less than 2 cm were 3.76±1.01 and 1.73±0.99, respectively （P 〈0.05）, and the mean elastic score of the false-negative lesions on conventional ultrasound was 3.61±1.14. Conclusions Ultrasound elastography in combination with conventional ultrasound can improve the sensitivity for detecting small breast tumors. It is also valuable in detecting small malignant tumors which are difficult to diagnose with conventional ultrasound. Ultrasound elastography can be a useful adjunct to conventional ultrasound in diagnosing small breast tumors.