Breeding ecology and oviposition site selection of blackspotted pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata) in Ningbo, China

The black-spotted pond frog(Rana nigromaculata)is one of the most widely distributed species in China.However,there have been only a few qualitative descriptions of their breeding ecology and oviposition site selection.From 2004 to 2006,we investigated the breeding ecology and oviposition site selection of R.nigromaculata in Ningbo,China,quantitatively.Analyses of breeding ecology show that:(1)mean frog density in the breeding season was 0.0903±0.0029 individuals per meter(n=11)(mean±SE);(2)R.nigromaculata was a sexually dimorphic species,with females significantly larger than males in both body weight and snout-vent length;(3)the clutch size averaged 4643.04±235.96 eggs(range 1546–7897,n550);and(4)the egg size ranged from 1.50 to 1.74 mm in diameter,with an average egg size of 1.6050±0.0046 mm(n=226).Oviposition sites differed significantly from random sites in percentages of water,bare ground and vegetation cover,water depth(cm),water temperature(uC)and water turbidity.Rana nigromaculata preferred microhabitats with higher percentages of water and vegetation cover,while it avoided microhabitats with deeper water.The results suggest that microhabitats with higher percentages of water and vegetation cover,but not deeper water,should be priorities for protection and conservation of the breeding habitats of R.nigromaculata.

Technique for Ecological Pond Breeding of Charybdis japonica

In 2016 and 2017,the ecological pond breeding experiment of Charybdis japonica was carried out,with a total of experimental area up to 4 ha.Through two years of experimental research,it obtained a total of 48950 kg of C.japonica,with an average output of 12237.5 kg/ha.The production output value was 2.3675 million yuan,the total production cost was 831700 yuan,the net profit was 1.5358 million yuan,the average profit was 384000 yuan/ha,and the input-output ratio was 1∶2.85.The average proportion of C.japonica population with a production weight of 150 g or more was 7.9%.The proportion of the group of 120-150 g was relatively large,with an average of 80%in two years,and the proportion of the group below 120 g was relatively small,with an average of 12%in two years.The cumulative harvest of shellfish in two years was 65700 kg,with an average output of 16425 kg/ha,the production output value of 738100 yuan,the production cost of 295500 yuan,the net profit of 442600 yuan,and the average profit of 110700 yuan/ha.

New Efficient Ecological Breeding Technology of Rana nigromaculata

High density cell intensive culture pattern is an ecological, efficient, planting and breeding combined new breeding pattern of Rana nigromaculata. It protects racial continuation and population expansion of R. nigromaculata, beneficial for environment construction. Meanwhile, it greatly increases the farmers＇ income, conducive to economic development. The economic, ecological and social benefit of this culture pattern is remarkable.

Male Advertisement Call of the Endangered Leptobrachella tengchongensis(Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Gaoligongshan, Yunnan Province, China

We present the first description of the acoustic characters of the endangered Tengchong leaf litter toad(Leptobrachella tengchongensis), aiming to inform future ecological studies of the species and taxonomic studies in the genus Leptobrachella. A total of 1179 calls, belonging to 6 adults male individuals, were recorded using TASCAM DR-40 digital sound recorder from its type locality in May 2015 and then analyzed using Raven Pro v.1.6.1 software. The advertisement call of male L. tengchongensis consists of primary advertisement call and secondary advertisement call. The primary advertisement call is invariably composed of two notes and has a call duration of 61 ± 5 ms(23–87 ms, n = 1142). The secondary advertisement call is composed of 3–10 notes(mean 5.25 ± 1.41 notes/call, n = 37) with a call duration of 90 ± 6 ms(37–127 ms, n = 37). The mean inter-call interval is 212 ± 121 ms(88–1121 ms, n = 1092). An introductory note is absent in advertisement calls and the dominant of calls is 4.1–4.8 kHz(at 20 ℃). We discuss the interspecific and intraspecific variations on advertisement calls in L. tengchongensis and among Leptobrachella species, and provide a summary on the major acoustic characters of all Leptobrachella species occurring north of the Isthmus of Kra.

Modern Ecological Chicken Raising and Its Research Progress

Modern ecological breeding has the characteristics of protecting the ecological environment,health,nutrition,delicious,and so on.In the ecological breeding of traditional breeding chicken,using non antibiotic breeding,traditional Chinese medicine and other breeding technologies can not only obtain green,non-harmful and safe food products,but also reduce the cost of farmers and provide breeding efficiency This is a sustainable development path.This paper gave a brief overview of this field.

Study on the Harmonious Symbiosis of Rice,Loach and Frog

The harmonious symbiosis of rice,loach and frog is a new stereo,ecological,high-efficiency agricultural development mode that integrates cultivation and breeding.On the one hand,it protects ecological environment and increases peasants＇ income;on the other hand,it ensures food security and human health.This mode produces outstanding economic,ecological and social benefits.