Influence of Brewing Method on Quality of Apple Vinegar

[Objective] The paper was to compare the quality of apple vinegars prepared by different methods and screen an optimum brewing method for apple vinegar production. [Methed] The quality of apple vinegar brewed by three traditional brewing methods and a new method developed by our previous work was analyzed. Three traditional methods were solid state fermentation （SSF）, liquid state fermentation （LSF） and immobilized microorganism fermentation （IMF）, and the new method was multi-microorganisms co-immobilization technology（MMCT）, which used co-immobilized beads of ethanol-producing yeast, aroma-improving yeast and lactic acid bacteria （with a ratio of 6：3：1） for alcoholic fermentation and then used immobilized acetic acid bacteria for vinegar fermentation. [Result] The general quality of apple vinegar brewed by MMCT was superior to the others. Its total acidity reached to 3.845 g/100 ml, unvolatile acidity was about 0.600 g/100 ml, amino-nitrogen was higher than 0.510 g/100 ml, and the composing of flavor compounds was almost similar to that of SSF brewed apple vinegar. [Conclusion] The MMCT method was proven to be the optimum one for high quality apple vinegar brewing and might be widely used in the future.

Study on Brewing Technology of Apple Brandy

[Objective] The aim was to study the brewing technology of apple brandy. [Method] After the activated wine yeast was added to the apple juice by sizing classification, rinsing, falling to pieces and squeezing, the preceding fermentation began. Every other day, parameters of fer- mentation broth such as temperature, pH, acidity, sugar content and bubble nurdbers were detected. Once the sugar content of the fermentation suspension was approaching 5 -6 °Bx, the following fermentation would start via pouring wine. After 20 -30 days, the cider was changed into origi- nal apple brandy by distillation. The last procedure was aging which included man-made speediness aging and oak wood aging about 20 days. The physical and chemical compositions before and after aging were measured. [ Result] 22.5 kg apple resulted into 16.56 L of juice. The juice yield was about 73.6% （10 ml/kg）. The alcohol rate of distilled apple juice was 20.0%. The color of apple brandy was darker than that of original apple brandy. Alcohol level reduced, but total acidity, fixed acid, lipid and furfural content rose. [ Conclusion] The apple brandy was of particular flavor and high quality by selecting befitting fruit, activated wine yeast and feasible brewing, distillation and aging technology. It will be conductive to the development of apple processing industry and the research and development of key brandy technique.

Experimental Study on Extruded Beer Adjunct Used for Brewing Beer

The properties of saccharified and boiled worts between extruded and traditional non-extruded beer adjuncts were studied at the laboratory and a small beer brewing equipment(100 L) in this paper. Test results indicate that the main saccharification indices and filtration speeds of worts between extruded and traditional non-extruded beer adjuncts are similar basically. The collected rate of extracted material of worts of extruded beer adjuncts is 8% more than that of traditional non-extruded beer adjuncts. Fermentation time of worts of extruded beer adjuncts is 10 % less than that of traditional non-extruded beer adjuncts. The energy consumption of extruded beer adjuncts in saccharification process is 13 % less than that of traditional non-extruded beer adjuncts.

Energy Targeting for a Brewing Process Using Pinch Analysis

The rising cost of energy and environmental concerns have led the brewing industry to search for techniques of reducing energy consumption in brewery operations. In this paper, pinch analysis was applied to a typical Ugandan based brewery process to target for the energy requirements of the process. Hint software was used for the analysis. At the chosen ΔTmin of 10℃, the minimum cooling and heating utility requirements of the brewery studied were determined as being 4862.21 kW and 8294.21 kW respectively, with a pinch temperature at 68℃. It was observed that using the technique, 1806.59 kW of energy could be recovered through process to process heat exchange which presented an energy saving potential of 21.5%. It is recommended that results from this study could be used in the design or retrofit of a heat exchanger network of a brewery for improved energy efficiency. Considerations can also be made for other values of ΔTmin.

Composition Analysis of Grape Wine from Different Brewing Technology and Its Nutrition Constituent

[Objective] The aim was to to enhance the technology to brew better the traditional grape wine, which provided theoretical basis for the development of Wuling Mountain grape wine. [Method] Taking grapes in Wuling Mountain as the row materials, Saccharomyces cerevisiae of different wines was chosen and brewed. The quality of grape wine was studied and the sensory evaluation was analyzed by dint of GC-MS. [Result] Result illustrated that the ethanol concentration of the wine brewed by exploration craft A was 68.5 g/L and that brewed by exploration craft B was 59.5 g/L; the higher alcohol content of craft A was 37.86% while that of craft B is 35.99%; craft A's percentage content of esters was 28.82% while that of B was 27.10%; craft A's percentage content of acids was 2.20% while that of B was 1.24%; the gamma-aminobutyric acid content of craft A was 33.2 g/100 ml while that of craft B was 35.4 g/100 ml. the essential amino-acid content of craft A was 11.8 g/100 ml while that of craft B was 13.9 g/100 ml .The result indicates that the wine brewed by craft A was aromatic and had special flavor. [Conclusion] In this case, the grape wine has particular flavor and has good property, which can be exploited.

Study on Brewing Properties of Three Strong Ale Beer Yeasts

The brewing characteristics of three kinds of beer yeasts commonly used in the market were compared and studied.The results showed that the three kinds of yeasts had different characteristics and slightly different fermentation degrees,but the fermentation speeds all were higher and the diacetyl reduction ability was excellent.The finished beers were golden yellow in appearance,rich and delicate in foam,pleasant in aroma,mellow in body and similar in physicochemical indexes,all in line with domestic beer standards.

Status Quo and Development Trend of China's Brewing Industry

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Mycotoxins in Brewing Grain Raw Material （Barley, Malt） in Russia

The levels of five mycotoxins （MT）： deoxynivalenol （DON）, T-2-toxin （T-2）, zearalenone （ZEA）, aflatoxin （Aft）, ochratoxin A （OTA） were measured in malting barley and malt samples by enzyme immunoassay （ELISA）, using test systems RIDASCREEN FAST （R-Biopharm, Germany）. 40 samples of malting barley, mainly from the Central part of European Russia and fewer from the Southern part of, and also some samples from Altai （Asian Russia） were analyzed during 2007-2011 years as well as 120 samples of malt from Russian malting companies. It was found that 17% of barley samples were contaminated with MT; in two cases （5%）, the MT concentration exceeded maximum allowable levels （MAL）. Among malt samples in more than half （in 56%） MT were detected, in 9% of samples, the MT concentration exceeded MAL （Aft-3 incidents, T-2-3 incidents, OTA-2 incidents, ZEA-1 incident）. Maximum levels ofmycotoxins in malt were found to be higher than those in barley. These facts support the idea about risky conditions during malting processing.

酿酒葡萄新品种豫酿紫玉的选育

豫酿紫玉葡萄是以梅鹿辄(Vitis vinifera‘Merlot’♀)和LN-33(Vitis vinifera‘LN-33’♂)为亲本经人工杂交培育而成的中早熟酿酒葡萄新品种。果穗圆锥形,偶有副穗,果粒紧凑,平均单穗质量252.70 g;果粒中等,大小均衡,平均单粒质量1.53 g;果粒近圆形,紫黑色,着色均匀,果粉中等厚,果皮中等厚,有肉囊,汁多,每果种子1~2粒;果汁无色,压榨葡萄汁呈宝石红色。成熟果可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为21.6%,可溶性糖含量为17.46%,总酸含量为0.78%,维生素C含量为9.63 mg·100 g-1,单宁含量为4680 mg·kg-1;果实酸甜适口,果肉具有李子果香味。在郑州地区栽培,浆果于7月上旬开始着色,7月下旬始熟,8月上旬充分成熟,果实发育期为82 d;萌芽率高,生长健壮。酿酒样品酒精度、干浸出物含量、可滴定酸含量、pH值、二氧化硫残留量均在酿造干型红葡萄酒的国标范围内;酿造的干型红葡萄酒风味正,颜色佳。该品种耐寒性强,耐干旱,抗病害,丰产性好。适合在河南葡萄生态适生区和与其相似的其他葡萄生态适宜区栽培。

Production and Evaluation of the Nutritional and Functional Qualities of “Adakwa” Enriched with Waste Biomass of Traditional Brewer’s Spent Grain as a Functional Staple Food

Brewers’ spent grains constitute a nutrient-rich valuable and highly under-utilized by-product of the beer industry produced in large amounts all through the year. This bio-resource is a very good candidate for valorization, due to environmental and economic concerns, using biotechnological processing, particularly for food enrichment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of fortification of Adakwa with traditional brewers’ spent grains (TBSG) on its physicochemical and nutritional properties as well as its acceptability using an experimental design. Four (4) samples of Adakwa were produced with TBSG incorporated rates of 0% (control sample), 10%, 20%, and 30% and evaluated. Using an experimental design, the effect of process parameters, including the TBSG incorporation rate, cooking time, and cooking temperatures on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of the Adakwa were evaluated while the 9-point hedonic scale was used to evaluate the sensory properties and its overall acceptability: carbohydrate, protein, crude fibre, cellulose, polyphenol, antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH). The water absorption activity values were 81.2 ± 0.04, 4.55 ± 0.05, 9.73 ± 0.23, 3.31 ± 0.05, 6.73 ± 0.23, 1.60 ± 0.09, 28.85 ± 0.8 and 117 ± 3.54 respectively for 0% TBSG (control);86.8 ± 0.01, 1.81± 0.20, 16.22 ± 0.16, 5.54 ± 0.69, 6.01 ± 0.16, 6.59 ± 0.03, 25.89 ± 0.94 and 475.0 ± 21.21 respectively for 30% TBSG. The sample with a high nutrient content was further produced using a central composite design and the factors studied were temperature and time, with responses, crude fiber, and FRAP content. The optimum production condition was: % TBSG: 47.06%;temperature: 123.17℃;Time: 30.34 mins. The sample with 47% TBSG had the best overall acceptability after sensory evaluation with sensory scores of: 5.45 ± 0.76, 7.9 ± 0.79, 8.0 ± 1.0, 7.10 ± 0.16, 8.5 ± 1.6, 7.6 ± 0.98 for color, taste, aroma, mouthfeel, texture and overall acceptability respectively. Thus TBSG can be used to improve the physicochemical and nutritional properties of adakwa.

白酒酿造酵母菌研究进展

白酒作为一种极具中国特色的发酵产品,其独特的风味和深厚的文化底蕴,深受中国人民的喜爱。酵母菌是白酒生产中的一大类重要功能微生物菌群,对风味化合物的代谢及酒体品质的形成具有重要影响。本文综述了白酒酿造领域中酵母菌的研究进展,以期为筛选优良酵母菌株并应用于白酒生产、提高酒体品质提供参考和借鉴。

黄精黑糯米酒酿造工艺优化及其品质分析

以黑糯米为主要原料,黄精提取液为辅料制备黄精黑糯米酒。以感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化液态法发酵黄精黑糯米酒酿造工艺条件,并对其理化指标及活性成分进行测定。结果表明,最佳酿造工艺条件为酒曲与酵母质量比1:1、发酵时间6 d、黄精提取液添加量28%、料液比(糯米与水)1.0:7.0(g:mL)。在此优化条件下,黄精黑糯米酒的酒体澄清透亮、呈紫红色、酒香醇厚、具有黄精风味,感官评分为87分,酒精度达12.0%vol,总糖、还原糖、总酸、氨基酸态氮、花色苷和总黄酮含量分别为4.13 g/100 mL、3.74 g/100 mL、6.32 g/L、0.22 g/L、37.9 mg/L、0.023 g/100 mL。

泡茶用水对细嫩红茶茶汤品质的影响

茶汤滋味主要包括甜味、苦味、涩味和鲜味等,在茶叶冲泡过程中,水对茶汤质量起着重要作用。选取日常泡茶中常见的3种饮用水(自来水、纯净水和矿泉水),研究不同冲泡时间对茶汤滋味以及汤色的影响,不同水质对茶汤内含物质的影响,以及不同水温对茶汤质量的影响。结果表明,在细嫩红茶冲泡过程中,滋味最佳呈现状态为矿泉水,纯净水最能激发茶汤的内含物质,自来水不适宜作为水的选择。将刚烧开的水,做凉汤处理,以不低于90 ℃的温度冲泡细嫩红茶,红茶滋味最佳。

浓香双曲酿造工艺与酒醅微生物群落演替规律的研究

本研究按照浓香型白酒工艺特点,利用不锈钢发酵容器,以混合均匀后的浓香产酒大曲和浓香生香大曲作为糖化发酵剂,粉碎高粱为原料,采用清蒸混入、续糟发酵的生产方式,形成浓香双曲酿造工艺。通过常规理化分析技术和Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对双曲酿造工艺酒醅的理化指标和微生物菌群进行测定和分析,以进一步探究其发酵机理。结果表明,整个发酵过程中理化指标的变化具有较明显的规律性,酒精度前期迅速增加,后期趋于平缓,并在第9 d时达到最大值。发酵过程中共检测出317个属,其中真菌225个、细菌92个,酒醅中主要优势真菌属有2种,伊萨酵母属(Issatchenkia)在发酵过程中占绝对优势;主要优势细菌属有3种,发酵前期乳酸菌属(Lactobacillus)占绝对优势,发酵后期unclassified-Lactobacillales占绝对优势。酒醅发酵过程中微生物群落结构的变化与理化因子有显著关系,对真菌而言,还原糖含量与双足囊菌属(Dipodascus)、嗜热子真菌属(Thermomyces)的相对丰度呈极显著正相关;对细菌而言,淀粉和还原糖的含量与葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)相对丰度呈显著正相关,水分含量和酒精度与unclassified-Lactobacillales相对丰度呈显著正相关。酒醅发酵过程中温度、酒精度和酸度推动了微生物群落结构的演替。

矮秆酿造型高粱新品种克杂17号的选育及栽培技术

为了推广适宜在黑龙江省机械化栽培的高产、优质矮秆酿造型高粱新品种克杂17号,本文介绍其选育经过、特征特性、产量表现、栽培技术和制种技术要点。克杂17号为黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院杂粮团队以不育率100%的早熟不育系克26A为母本,以中早熟矮秆恢复系克恢46为父本,经杂交测配育成的矮秆、早熟、高产的酿造型高粱新品种。2018-2019年参加黑龙江省高粱区域试验,平均产量7668.09 kg·hm^(-2),比对照品种绥杂7号增产11.13%。2021年获得高粱新品种登记,登记编号为GPD高粱(2021)230014。克杂17号株高92.05 cm,穗长26.30 cm,叶片数12片,各方面性状优良,完全符合现阶段种植区域对酿造型高粱品种特性的总体要求。该品种适宜在黑龙江省北部高寒地区第二、第三、第四积温带种植。

基于热损测算的糖化投料水温经验方程实验

在精酿啤酒的生产过程中,糖化温度至关重要,会对麦芽糖化效果产生直接影响,进而影响啤酒最终的酿造质量。当前,针对精酿啤酒糖化阶段的温度控制还没有成熟且精确的方法。对此,文章基于容量200 L的精酿啤酒设备,按照啤酒一步糖化法的温度要求,在常见气温范围内选择9个温度点,对糖化过程中设备的热量损失Q进行测算,得到自变量为气温T0的糖化用水温度经验方程,确保在投料前能够根据气温预算投料所需水温,使糖化投料后的温度尽量接近糖化温度,以提高工作效率和糖化效果。

教育数字化战略背景下高职“葡萄酒酿造与检验”课程实施路径研究

通过教育数字化战略背景下高职“葡萄酒酿造与检验”课程实施路径研究,进一步提升课程建设水平。通过明确数字化能力核心目标、增加数字化课程内容、开展数字化教学活动、制定数字化学习评价与反馈方案、提升教师数字化水平、激发学生数字化学习兴趣、改善数字化教学环境等路径研究和实践,进一步促进课程教学数字化转型,提高课程建设水平和人才培养质量。

非物质文化遗产助力地方乡村振兴发展——以董公寺程氏酿酒百草入曲技艺为例

以董公寺程氏酿酒百草入曲技艺(以下简称“董程酿艺”)为例,本文探讨其在地方乡村振兴中的重要作用。梳理董程酿艺的历史渊源、传承状况、工艺流程和产品品质,分析其与地方经济发展紧密结合、社区参与互动以及可持续发展策略。产业融合是促进董程酿艺可持续发展的关键因素之一,需要文化传承、技术创新、政策支持和社会力量的协同合作。强调这些要素在实践中的重要性,以推动董程酿艺产业融合与可持续发展。

酿造调味品中生物胺分析与控制研究进展

酿造调味品在发酵过程中易产生多种潜在的有毒代谢物,其中生物胺是影响其质量和安全的重要风险因素之一,过量摄入会使人体产生各种毒害反应,从而对健康造成不良影响。文章对生物胺的产生原因、毒性和检测方法进行了归纳,并重点阐述了国内外关于生物胺的物理、生物和化学的防控措施,以期为酿造调味品的食用安全性及有效控制提供新思路。