A Flux DC Bias Suppression Scheme of Single-stage Full-bridge PFC Converters Based on Dead Zone Adjustment

由于单级桥式功率因数校正（power factor correction,PFC）AC/DC变换技术电路的特点,导致高频变压器存在偏磁现象,影响了系统正常工作。传统方式通过增加变压器气隙或使用隔直电容来防止变压器出现偏磁,但是该类方案影响了系统性能,并增加了电路的复杂程度。结合有源钳位单级PFC变换器工作特点,提出一种基于死区调节的偏磁抑制策略,通过改变系统的开关时序,能够有效抑制偏磁,具有不增加主电路复杂程度、不影响系统性能、数字控制和模拟控制都能够实现等优点。在提出抑制策略的基础上,设计实现电路,给出死区设计方法及影响规律,最后进行实验研究。理论分析及实验结果表明,该策略能够在不影响系统性能的基础上,有效抑制单级桥式PFC变换器的高频变压器偏磁。

Determination of initial cable force of cantilever casting concrete arch bridge using stress balance and influence matrix methods

Cantilever casting concrete arch bridge using form traveller has a broad application prospect.However,it is difficult to obtain reasonable initial cable force in construction stage.In this study,stress balance and influence matrix methods were developed to determine the initial cable force of cantilever casting concrete arch bridge.The stress balance equation and influence matrix of arch rib critical section were established,and the buckle cable force range was determined by the allowable stress of arch rib critical section.Then a group of buckle cable forces were selected and substituted into the stress balance equation,and the reasonable initial buckle cable force was determined through iteration.Based on the principle of force balance,the initial anchor cable force was determined.In an engineering application example,it is shown that the stress balance and influence matrix methods for the determination of initial cable force are feasible and reliable.The initial cable forces of arch rib segments only need to be adjusted once in the corresponding construction process,which improves the working efficiency and reduces the construction risk.It is found that the methods have great advantages for determining initial cable force in cantilever casting construction process of concrete arch bridge.

Theoretical Analysis and Computer Simulation of Different Balance Bridge Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator

Q -double effect of different balance bridge voltage controlled crystal oscillator (DBVCXO) is quantitatively analysed by the computer simulation

Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges in China

In the past 20 years, great progress has been achieved in China in the construction of concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton. The span of these bridges has been increasing rapidly, which is rare in the history of bridge development. The large-scale construction of expressways and high-speed railways demands the development of long-span arch bridges, and advances in design and construction techniques have made it possible to construct such bridges. In the present study, the current status, development, and major innovative technologies of CFST arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton in China are elaborated. This paper covers the key con- struction technologies of CFST arch bridges, such as the design, manufacture, and installation of steel tube arch trusses, the preparation and pouring of in-tube concrete, and the construction of the world＇s longest CFST arch bridge-the First Hejiang Yangtze River Bridge. The main construction technologies of rein- forced concrete arch bridges are also presented, which include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilever assembly, adjusting the load by means of stay cables, surrounding the concrete for arch rib pouring, and so forth. In addition, the construction of two CFST skeleton concrete arch bridges-the Guangxi Yongning Yong River Bridge and the Yunnan-Guangxi Railway Nanpan River Bridge--is discussed. CFST arch bridges in China have already gained a world-leading position; with the continuous innovation of key technologies, China will become the new leader in promoting the development of arch bridges.

Characteristics of Controlled Bridge Circuit and Its Application in Magnetic Field Induction Measurement

The article designs a new type of bridge circuit with a controlled source—when the resistance on the bridge arm of the controlled source bridge circuit meets the bridge balance condition, and the bridge branch contains only one Current-Controlled Current Source (CCCS), a Voltage-Controlled Current Source (VCCS), a Current-Controlled Voltage Source (CCVS), or a Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source (VCVS), the circuit is called a controlled bridge circuit, which has the characteristics of bridge balance. Due to the relationship between the controlled source and the bridge arm, the sensitivity of the components on the bridge is higher mathematically and logically. When applied to measurement, engineering, automatic control, and other fields, the controlled bridge circuit has higher control ac-curacy. Mathematical derivation and simulation results prove the correctness of the bridge balance conclusion and the special properties of this bridge when applied to the measurement field.

Adaptability of anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary movement

The control of balance is crucial for efficiently performing most of our daily motor tasks, such as those involving goal-directed arm movements or whole body displacement. The purpose of this article is twofold. Firstly, it is to recall how balance can be maintained despite the different sources of postural perturbation arising during voluntary movement. The importance of the so-called "anticipatory postural adjustments"(APA), taken as a "line of defence" against the destabilizing effect induced by a predicted perturbation, is emphasized. Secondly, it is to report the results of recent studies that questioned the adaptability of APA to various constraints imposed on the postural system. The postural constraints envisaged here are classified into biomechanical(postural stability, superimposition of motor tasks),(neuro) physiological(fatigue), temporal(time pressure) and psychological(fear of falling, emotion). Overall, the results of these studies point out the capacity of the central nervous system(CNS) to adapt the spatio-temporal features of APA to each of theseconstraints. However, it seems that, depending on the constraint, the "priority" of the CNS was focused on postural stability maintenance, on body protection and/or on maintenance of focal movement performance.

Hydrological adjustment and flooding control of wetlands in the Liaohe Delta

The function of estuary wetland on hydrological adjustment and flooding control is studied in this paper. It is estimated that the evapotranspiration in the reed field during growth season(June to October) is 722.9 mm, which is 37.5% higher than large water body(E 601∶525.9 mm). The water replacement rate in the reed field can reach 95% only when the rains continuously for 11 days and the precipitation reached 912 mm. For the water balance in the paddy field, the total water requirement ranges between 1920 and 1860 mm, among which, 31% is from precipitation, and the left is provided by reservoirs. The water usage efficiency is 0.35 at present productivity. Based on the landscape characteristics and functionalities on flooding control, 5 functional zones are designed for the Liaohe Delta: key protected area; underground storage area; flooding discharge area; flood diversion area in emergency; and flood control drainage area.

A New Tri-channel Decomposition of External Adjustment: Model and Application

In this study, we expanded upon the current benchmark model of external adjustment and dissected the concept of international financial adjustment into two distinct components: valuation effect and investment income. Our enhanced model, which we refer to as “tri-channel model,” incorporates three key elements: trade balance, valuation effect, and investment income. Using a consolidated quarterly dataset that encompassed China's balance of payments and international investment positions from 1998 to 2020, we estimated the relative importance of the three newly introduced adjustment channels to China's cyclical external imbalance. We found that the trade balance channel played a major role, accounting for approximately 76 percent of cyclical external adjustment. The contribution of the investment income channel to cyclical external adjustment (21 percent) was much greater than that of the valuation effect channel (3 percent). These findings imply that policy responses to the cyclical external imbalance in China should focus more on the trade balance and investment incomes channels rather than exploiting the valuation effects.

A novel energetic framework with the combination of 5,6-fused triazolo-triazine and nitropyrazole-tetrazole for energy-stability balanced explosive

In recent years,the introduction of fused rings own high density and low sensitivity has promoted the development of energetic materials.However,the development of energetic compounds containing fused and bridged rings by introducing multiple nitrogen heterocycles at different sites of fused rings is still difficult to progress,which seriously limits the emergence of advanced energetic compounds.In this study,a series of energetic materials choosing different nitrogen rich heterocycles at the vacancies of the fused ring,i.e.,neutral compound 5,6 and their ionic derivatives(compounds 7-12)were designed and synthesized.Compounds 5 and 6 were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction,while the crystal analysis and theoretical calculations were carried out to explore the relationship between crystal structure and physicochemical properties.All of the newly synthesized compounds(5-12)are insensitive to mechanical stimulation(IS>40 J;FS≥342 N)and they own the high detonation velocity(D:8322-9075 m/s).Notably,hydrazine salt 11 own the higher detonation velocity(9075 m/s)and powder density(1.83 g/cm^(3)),but exhibits lower sensitivity(IS>40 J)than the classical energetic compound RDX(8795 m/s,1.80 g/cm^(3),7.5 J).It is obvious that the combination of 5,6-fused triazolo-triazine and nitropyrazole-tetrazole may be a new energetic skeleton for synthesising the heterocyclic compounds with balanced energy-stability.

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁大桥主桥设计关键技术

研究目的:洪奇沥公铁大桥是深江铁路的控制性工程,主桥采用主跨808 m公铁合建斜拉桥一跨跨越洪奇沥水道,上层布置8车道城市快速路,下层布置4线铁路。结合建设条件、结构特点及使用性能,对主桥结构体系、主梁横断面及结构形式、索-塔锚固结构、施工方法等关键技术展开研究,确定技术合理可行和经济节约的设计方案。研究结论:(1)首创了短边跨叠合板-桁组合梁斜拉桥结构体系,主桥长度减少20%,节省工程投资;(2)首次在4线铁路公铁合建斜拉桥上采用倒梯形双主桁截面,桥面布置紧凑、受力明确;(3)提出的边跨主梁采用矩形钢管混凝土叠合板-桁组合结构,集结构受力和锚固压重于一体,施工便捷;(4)发明了“自平衡交叉锚固+齿块锚固”的索-塔混合锚固方式,技术经济性高;(5)钢主梁创新采用“纵向大节段+横向分块”施工方法,解决了超宽超高超重整节段钢桁梁运输受既有桥净空限制的难题;(6)本研究成果可为公铁合建桁梁斜拉桥设计提供参考或借鉴。

无功补偿与储能集成系统中H桥级联型功率变换器相内SoC快速均衡

无功补偿与储能集成系统应用于风、光电站具有经济性,其中H桥级联型功率变换器具有低功率因数运行特点,提升其相内SoC均衡速度有助于提升电池安全和储能系统容量利用率。在调制约束下,考虑相内SoC均衡中电压无功分量的叠加,分析不同功率因数时功率单元的SoC均衡能力。基于分析,提出相内SoC的快速均衡方法,设计均衡控制电压有功分量叠加方法,充分利用功率单元的SoC均衡能力。基于各功率单元叠加的电压有功分量设计相应单元的无功分量叠加方法,提升功率单元的SoC均衡能力。仿真分析验证了相内SoC快速均衡控制的有效性。

固态断路器多IGBT串联混合均压电路设计

固态断路器需多IGBT串联切断短路故障电流,针对多IGBT存在电压分配不均、局部电压过高、损耗大等问题,提出一种混合式均压控制电路拓扑结构。分析固态断路器多IGBT均压影响因素,研究均压拓扑性能。优化缓冲电路结构,改进充放电型缓冲电路,减小损耗;引入双阈值钳位控制电路,改善IGBT过电压;提出被动均压与辅助反馈主动均压结合的混合均压控制策略,加快响应速度,实现均压动态自适应调节。制作样机,进行固态断路器设计拓扑和控制的仿真及实验验证,结果表明:混合式均压控制电路可减小IGBT电路超调量,具备更强的抑制过电压能力,提升响应速度。

一种可实现双向故障闭锁的双极Y型模块化多电平直流变换器

直流电网互联通常采用隔离型高压大功率直流变换器,但其存在体积大、成本高及传输效率较低等问题。该文提出一种双极Y型模块化多电平DC/DC变换器,其避免使用中间变压器,实现直流功率双向传输,并且可以有效闭锁双向直流故障。首先分析了变换器拓扑结构及故障闭锁工作原理,并根据桥臂内电势等效原理建立了数学模型。基于变换器臂间、相间能量平衡约束,在闭环控制的基础上引入桥臂电流补偿控制,提升变换器暂态性能。最后,在Matlab/Simulink搭建了采用模块化多电平DC/DC变换器(modularmultilevelDC/DCconverter,DC-MMC)的直流输电系统仿真模型,通过对端口电流、桥臂电流及桥臂电容电压等动态指标的分析,验证了所提DC-MMC双向功率传输控制及双向故障闭锁能力的可行性和有效性。

基于双向半桥LLC谐振变换器的退役电池组均衡方法

退役电池在储能应用过程中,由于其较大的不一致性问题会导致退役电池组出现过充或过放现象,从而限制电池组整体的容量甚至引起热失控,造成安全隐患。针对以上问题,设计一种基于双向半桥LLC谐振变换器的有源均衡电路。该均衡电路通过开关阵列与隔离型双向半桥LLC谐振变换器的相互配合,能够实现单体电池与电池组整体之间的能量传递,使退役电池组中各单体电池达到能量平衡。另外,为进一步提高均衡器的均衡速度及精度,提出一种联合电压与荷电状态(SOC)共同作为均衡变量的多状态均衡控制策略。依据电池组当前不同的能量状态,在电池组静置、充电及放电3种不同状态下,分别采用不同的均衡变量以及对应的均衡策略,从而实现电池组的快速均衡。最后,通过搭建小型的均衡实验样机对6节串联电池进行均衡实验,实验结果表明,所提均衡方法具有较快的均衡速度及较好的均衡效果。

序列二次规划方法在斜拉桥索力调整中的应用研究

斜拉桥施工至成桥阶段时,由于各种因素影响,结构实际线形和内力与理论成桥状态相比,存在一定的误差,通常需要进行索力调整。该文针对斜拉桥在调索阶段的索力调整量计算问题,提出采用一种基于影响矩阵和序列二次规划求解索力调整量的方法。以某大跨度混合梁斜拉桥为背景,首先计算各索力单位变化下结构的线形和内力响应值,得到索力影响矩阵,然后选取合适的目标函数及约束条件,构建索力调整量计算模型,最后引入序列二次规划法求解索力调整量,得到索力调整后的结构内力与线形状态。计算结果表明:该方法计算简便,索力调整后的结构线形与内力均能满足施工控制要求。

部分接入电池储能系统的模块化多电平换流器控制方法

部分接入电池储能系统的模块化多电平换流器(MMC with partly integrated BESS,MMCPBESS)可以在接入储能的同时节约建造成本,但其控制更加复杂。针对下桥臂接入储能电池的MMC-PBESS拓扑,建立数学模型及等效电路。在此基础上给出电容电压均衡策略,提出了上/下桥臂分控的控制策略,并分析了其运行边界。在MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建仿真模型,仿真了不同交直流功率比例的运行工况,所提控制策略可以在维持电容电压平衡的同时实现对电池充电的功能。该策略无需额外的环流计算,上下桥臂控制解耦,简单灵活。

单相PET级联整流SVPWM均压边界及拓展方法

电力电子变压器(power electronic transformer,PET)是交直流配电系统互联的重要接口设备,然而后级等效负载不平衡将造成前级整流器各模块的电压偏移。针对单相级联H桥整流器空间矢量调制均压失效问题,推导出基于最优矢量选择均压策略的边界计算方法。根据计算所得的负载不平衡度限制边界与级联模块数、调制度以及功率因数的关系,提出了变调制度和功率因数的控制策略以增加均压能力。该策略通过改变直流电压或降低功率因数来重建更宽的均压工作范围,确保原不平衡度均压极限的系统稳定运行。最后,通过三模块级联整流器的仿真与实验验证了该均压边界的正确性,以及所提均压拓展方法保障极端不平衡负载条件下均压的有效性。

A Survey of Unbalanced Flow Diagnostics and Their Application

This paper presents an extensive survey of the most commonly used tools for diagnosing unbalanced flow in the atmosphere, namely the Lagrangian Rossby number, Psi vector, divergence equation, nonlinear balance equation, generalized omega-equation, and departure from fields obtained by potential vorticity (PV) inversion. The basic thoery, assumptions as well as implementation and limitations for each of the tools are all discussed. These tools are applied to high—resolution mesoscale model data to assess the role of unbalanced dynamics in the generation of a mesoscale gravity wave event over the East Coast of the United States. Comparison of these tools in this case study shows that these various methods agree to a large extent with each other though they differ in details. Key words Unbalanced flow - Geostrophic adjustment - Gravity waves - Nonlinear balance equation - Potential vorticity inversion - Omega equations - Rossby number This research was conducted under support from NSF grant ATM-9700626 of the United States. The numerical computations described herein were performed on the Cray T90 at the North Carolina Supercomputing Center and the Cray supercomputer at the NCAR Scientific Computing Division, which also provided the initialization fields for the MM5. Thanks are extended to Mark Stoelinga at University of Washington for the RIP post-processing package.

Mechanism of Balanced Flow and Frontogenesis

The final balanced state of an initial unbalanced flow is discussed with the same method as Vallis (1992). For the two-dimensional, inviscid, rotating and nonlinear model, the final state of the flow depends on the initial conditions. If the initial potential vortcity of the flow is non-uniform, the final state is not necessarily geostrophic. However, for the zero and uniform potential vorticity flow, the final state will satisfy the thermal wind relation when the length scale of the initial disturbance is large enough. Otherwise, discontinuity will occur in the geostrophic solution. In this case, the final balanced state will not be geostrophic any longer and an extended momentum coordinate is introduced to overcome the mult-value problem. Key words Frontogenesis - Geostrophic adjustment - Thermal wind balance - Extended momentum coordinates The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49735180 and 40075011) and the State Key Basic Program: CHERES.

重庆白居寺长江大桥施工控制关键技术

重庆白居寺长江大桥主桥为主跨660 m的公轨两用双塔双索面钢桁梁斜拉桥。桥塔为空间曲线水滴形混凝土结构,采用爬模施工;钢桁梁为带边纵梁的倒梯形截面,利用桥面吊机进行对称悬臂施工。为确保成桥后的各项力学和线形指标满足设计要求,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立主桥施工阶段有限元模型,对塔顶偏位和应力、钢桁梁线形及斜拉索张拉进行施工监控。通过控制塔顶偏位以及关键断面应力,确保了钢桁梁施工中桥塔的安全;通过控制主桁和边纵梁的制造和安装线形,保证了钢桁梁成桥线形的控制精度;通过边、中跨1~5号索同步对称初张、6~20号索分级不对称初张及局部二次调索,提高了斜拉索的施工效率以及索力控制精度。施工监控结果表明:塔顶偏位最大偏差27 mm,钢桁梁线形最大偏差52 mm,斜拉索索力偏差在±5.6%内,均满足设计要求。