样本量的估计公式众多,计算也较为复杂,估算结果常因研究目的、资料性质、处理组数、比较的参数种类的不同而异。目前有一些专门用于计算样本量的软件,如PASS(poweranalysis and sample size)。下面以横断面研究样本量估算为例介绍。简...样本量的估计公式众多,计算也较为复杂,估算结果常因研究目的、资料性质、处理组数、比较的参数种类的不同而异。目前有一些专门用于计算样本量的软件,如PASS(poweranalysis and sample size)。下面以横断面研究样本量估算为例介绍。简单随机抽样:在调查研究中需对总体率进行区间估计,且又采用单纯随机抽样方法时,样本量计算公式如下。展开更多
Low temperature multi-effect evaporation (LT-MEE) seawater desalination systems with top brine temperature lower than 70℃ have attracted attention in recent years.A method for performance estimation of LT-MEE is prop...Low temperature multi-effect evaporation (LT-MEE) seawater desalination systems with top brine temperature lower than 70℃ have attracted attention in recent years.A method for performance estimation of LT-MEE is proposed,and a formula is built for a typical LT-MEE configuration.Excluding complex properties of working fluids and details of heat and mass transfer processes,this formula involves only simple algebraic operations,thus provides a convenient way to evaluate the water production of LT-MEE for different motive heat source conditions and design parameters.Comparing the formula prediction with the data from both rigorous models and references,it indicates that the formula can give good results in wide parameter ranges.Although this method is proposed based on a typical LT-MEE configuration,it is also applicable to other LT-MEE configurations and thermal desalination systems.展开更多
文摘样本量的估计公式众多,计算也较为复杂,估算结果常因研究目的、资料性质、处理组数、比较的参数种类的不同而异。目前有一些专门用于计算样本量的软件,如PASS(poweranalysis and sample size)。下面以横断面研究样本量估算为例介绍。简单随机抽样:在调查研究中需对总体率进行区间估计,且又采用单纯随机抽样方法时,样本量计算公式如下。
文摘Low temperature multi-effect evaporation (LT-MEE) seawater desalination systems with top brine temperature lower than 70℃ have attracted attention in recent years.A method for performance estimation of LT-MEE is proposed,and a formula is built for a typical LT-MEE configuration.Excluding complex properties of working fluids and details of heat and mass transfer processes,this formula involves only simple algebraic operations,thus provides a convenient way to evaluate the water production of LT-MEE for different motive heat source conditions and design parameters.Comparing the formula prediction with the data from both rigorous models and references,it indicates that the formula can give good results in wide parameter ranges.Although this method is proposed based on a typical LT-MEE configuration,it is also applicable to other LT-MEE configurations and thermal desalination systems.