Low-intensity treadmill exercise and/or bright light promote neurogenesis in adult rat brain

The hippocampus is a brain region responsible for learning and memory functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity exercise and bright light exposure on neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in adult rat hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control, exercise, light, or exercise ＋ light groups （n = 9 per group）. The rats in the exercise group were subjected to treadmill exercise （5 days per week, 30 minutes per day, over a 4-week period）, the light group rats were irradiated （5 days per week, 30 minutes per day, 10 000 Ix, over a 4-week period）, the exercise ＋ light group rats were subjected to treadmill exercise in combination with bright light exposure, and the control group rats remained sedentary over a 4-week period. Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats in the exercise, light, and exercise ＋ light groups. Moreover, the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus was significantly higher in the exercise group and light group than that in the control group. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression between the control group and exercise ＋ light group. These results indicate that low-intensity treadmill exercise （first 5 minutes at a speed of 2 m/min, second 5 minutes at a speed of 5 m/min, and the last 20 minutes at a speed of 8 m/min） or bright-light exposure therapy induces positive biochemical changes in the brain. In view of these findings, we propose that moderate exercise or exposure to sunlight during childhood can be beneficial for neural development.

Bright light enhances the efficiency of physical activity in combination with a restrictive diet

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of measures aimed at correcting obesity in women and including bright light exposure during aerobic exercise combined with a restrictive diet. A one-stage, randomized study involved 80 obese women aged 20 to 58 years. The inclusion criterion for selecting participants for this research was the presence of primary alimentary-constitutional obesity with body mass index equal to or higher than 30 kg/m2. All the women were distributed into three groups according to the set of applied treatments. In Group 1, the women were on a restrictive diet;in Group 2, the restrictive diet was accompanied with daily aerobic exercise;in Group 3, women were exposed to bright light during exercise. Before and after the treatment course (3 weeks), body weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured;fat amount was determined by the impedancemetry method;and oxygen consumption was determined by indirect calorimetry. Women in Group 1 had reduced body weight, waist and hip circumferences, fat mass and oxygen consumption. Similar changes were identified in women of Group 2, but weight loss was greater, and the level of oxygen consumption increased as compared to the baseline. In women of Group 3, weight loss and increased oxygen consumption were more pronounced than in those of Group 2. The number of metabolic equivalents (MET) in women of Group 3 increased to nearly 1, which corresponded to the value of this index that reflected the resting metabolic rate in patients with normal body weight. Thus, exposure to bright full-spectrum light increases energy metabolism and enhances the effectiveness of exercises, despite prolonged food restriction, which is one of the mechanisms to improve the efficiency of obesity correction.

Stabilization of Circadian Rhythm, Its Augmentation by Bright Light Treatment and Its Importance for ADHD and Depression of Adolescents

Objective: ADHD is characterized by the progressive development of, impulsiveness, attentional difficulties and sometimes also excessive hyperactivity. Main biological reason is a quantitative reduction of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the forebrain. A lack of dopamine is also typical for depressive disorders. Methods: Bright light therapy is proven to be effective in treating depression. Purpose of our study is to verify the therapeutic effectiveness of Bright light therapy in subjects affected by ADHD. Results: Results show a significant improvement which lasts for at least 4 weeks, which is superposed by regulation of the circadian rhythm. Initial decrease of especially morning saliva melatonin levels, due to regular sleep under in-patient conditions, is followed by symptom improvement and a raising evening melatonin level, due to activation during the day. This level decreases as soon as activation is ceased. Conclusion: Bright light therapy seems to be effective as add-on therapy for ADHD, but in fact, stabilization of the circadian rhythm is the most important therapeutic intervention, either for ADHD or for depression, as demonstrated in another study.

Bright Light Treatment of Depression for 28 Adolescents

Background: Bright light therapy, an effective therapeutic option for depressive adults, could provide safe, economic, and effective rapid recovery also in adolescents. Method: This was a randomized cross-over trial, i.e. that 14 patients received first dim white light (50 lux) one hour a day for one week and then Bright light therapy (2500 Lux) for one week. 14 patients received first Bright light therapy and then dim white light. For assessment of depressive symptoms, Beck depression inventory scales were administered 1 week before and one day before dim white light treatment, on the day between dim white light and bright white light treatment, on the day after bright white light treatment and one week after bright white light treatment. Saliva melatonin and cortisol samples were collected at 08:00 a.m. and 08:00 p.m., 1 week before and one day before dim white light treatment, on the day between dim white light and bright white light treatment, on the day after bright white light treatment and one week after bright white light treatment and assayed for melatonin and cortisol to observe any change in circadian timing. Results: 28 volunteers, between 14 and 17 years old, completed the study. Beck depression inventory scores improved significantly. The assays of morning saliva melatonin showed significant differences between Bright white light and dim white light (p = 0.005), those of evening saliva melatonin and saliva cortisol did not show significant differences. No significant adverse reactions were observed. Conclusion: Antidepressant response to bright light treatment in this age group was statistically superior to dim white

Bright Lights, Big Cities

Overabundant lighting has become another pollution source in the Chinese cities The glow of electric lights illuminating the nights of ever-brighter cities has been regarded as one of the signs of prosperity and modern civilization.

Color-stable,reduced efficiency roll-off hybrid white organic light emitting diodes with ultra high brightness

High-brightness and color-stable two-wavelength hybrid white organic light emitting diodes （HWOLEDs） with the configuration of indium tin oxide （ITO）/ N, N, N, N-tetrakis（4-methoxyphenyl）-benzidine （MeO-TPD）： tetrafluoro-tetracyanoqino dimethane （F4-TCNQ）/N,N-di（naphthalene-1-yl）-N,N-diphenyl-benzidine （NPB）/ 4,4-N,N-dicarbazolebiphenyl （CBP）： iridium （III） diazine complexes （MPPZ） 2 Ir（acac）/NPB/2-methyl-9,10-di（2-naphthyl）anthracene （MADN）： p-bis（p-N,N-di-phenyl-aminostyryl）benzene （DSA-ph）/bis（10-hydroxybenzo[h] quino-linato）beryllium complex （Bebq2）/LiF/Al have been fabricated and characterized. The optimal brightness of the device is 69932 cd/m2 at a voltage of 13 V, and the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage （CIE） chromaticity coordinates are almost constant during a large voltage change of 6–12 V. Furthermore, a current efficiency of 15.3 cd/A at an illumination-relevant brightness of 1000 cd/m2 is obtained, which rolls off slightly to 13.0 cd/A at an ultra high brightness of 50000 cd/m2. We attribute this great performance to wisely selecting an appropriate spacer together with effectively utilizing the combinations of exciton-harvested orange-phosphorescence/blue-fluorescence in the device. Undoubtedly, this is one of the most exciting results in two-wavelength HWOLEDs up to now.

煤矿井下非均匀照度图像去噪研究

煤矿综采工作面空间小、照明环境复杂多变,采煤过程中伴随着大量的粉尘、大雾,导致采集的图像出现曝光、细节特征减弱等问题,难以对井下照明区域光照强度过大的图像进行有效的特征提取。针对上述问题,提出了一种煤矿井下非均匀照度图像去噪算法。首先,将视频截取为图像,判断图像是否需要进行光照抑制,将需要进行光照抑制的RGB图像拆分通道,并计算每个通道的光照调节因子,实现图像的整体光照调节;然后,将未进行整体光照抑制的图像和经整体光照抑制的图像进行反射分量提取,即将输入的图像转换为HSV空间图像,使用单尺度Retinex(SSR)算法对V通道图像中的光照分量进行单独处理,将V分量中的入射分量去除,保留反射分量,并对反射分量使用直方图均衡算法实现光照均衡化处理;最后,使用基于引导滤波的暗通道先验算法对经过光照处理后的图像进行去雾处理,并使用伽马校正函数重新调节亮度不均的图像。主观评价结果表明:提出的煤矿井下非均匀照度图像去噪算法有效抑制了因光照导致整体亮度较高的问题,且由于大雾、粉尘等因素导致图像模糊的部分更加清晰,图像的细节特征更加突出。采用信息熵、均值、标准差、空间频率4种评价指标对提出的算法效果进行客观评价,结果表明,提出的算法在信息熵、均值、标准差、空间频率上较多尺度Retinex(MSR)算法分别平均提升了21.87%,-56.06%,153.43%,294.45%,较基于颜色保持的多尺度视网膜增强(MSRCP)算法分别平均提升了1.18%,-39.56%,33.29%,-4.71%,较带色彩恢复的多尺度视网膜增强(MSRCR)算法分别平均提升了38.06%,-55.27%,462.10%,300.96%,说明提出的算法能更有效地增加图像信息量、抑制光照强度、提升边缘信息及图像清晰度。

基于区域调光算法的车载液晶显示技术研究及应用

为了提升传统车载液晶显示器的能效和显示质量,提出一种应用于车载液晶显示器的区域调光算法。将输入的RGB色彩模式转换为YUV色彩模式以提取像素点亮度数据,并依照背光分区对应的图像子区域提取亮度数据。采用分区背光模糊-扩散模拟LED背光源在背光模组中传播时的扩散过程,得到各像素点的背光亮度数据,并据此通过液晶像素进行精确补偿得到最终调光图像。仿真结果显示,该方法在图像信息熵、图像细节增强和峰值信噪比3个评价方法上,优于其他区域调光算法的增强效果。同时在样机实验中,平均整体能耗降低了20.7%。表明该算法能够在提高显示质量的同时合理降低车载显示器的整机功耗,对各类车载显示器都具有良好的适用性。

隧道入口段不同颜色路面照明亮度试验对比研究

为了缓解“黑洞效应”对行车安全的不利影响,采用现场测量试验和仿真模拟相结合的方法,研究隧道入口段彩色路面对其照明亮度的影响规律。研究结果表明:不同颜色彩色路面对隧道入口段整体环境的亮度均造成不同程度的提升,其中黄色路面提升效果最明显;隧道入口段高压钠灯提供的环境、路面亮度均比LED灯高;布灯间距对亮度有显著影响,但其增加并未与彩色路面亮度提升成比例关系。研究结果可为高速公路隧道工程的明色化路面设计提供参考。

贵州高速公路基于无极调光的隧道照明能耗测算

高速公路隧道照明在不同管控策略下能耗差异较大,当前无极调光模式下动态变化因素较多,导致测算照明能耗比较困难。为量化研究公路隧道运营过程中采用智能无极调光控制系统时的能耗水平,提出了一种基于季节、历史天气和实时洞外亮度的能耗计算模型。首先分析了公路隧道照明设计现状与不同天气工况下的调光控制策略,为公路隧道照明的能耗计算提供理论支撑;其次构建了基于季节、历史天气预测和单日实时洞外亮度变化的能耗计算模型,并以贵州省在建小寨隧道为例测算了能耗情况。结果表明,基于季节、历史天气统计与洞外亮度等因素测算的能耗能更加真实有效反映智能无极调光系统的实际运营状况,为运营管理单位实时调整照明控制策略与节能升级改造提供重要的参考依据。

光照疗法治疗帕金森病相关睡眠障碍的研究进展

睡眠障碍是帕金森病(PD)的一种常见非运动症状,严重影响患者生活质量。光照疗法是一种利用日光或人造光调节昼夜节律的治疗方法。近年来研究表明,光照疗法可能对PD相关睡眠障碍有一定的疗效,但具体作用机制尚不明确。受到多种因素的影响,目前还没有统一的标准来指导光照疗法的应用。基于此,本文综述光照疗法在治疗PD相关睡眠障碍中的机制及应用现状。

儿童青少年近视防控户外活动中的强光防护专家意见

增加户外活动和使用近视防控相关镜片均为有效的儿童青少年近视防控措施。然而,在大量的户外活动中,日光对儿童青少年眼部造成潜在的损伤风险。因此,本文汇集国内多名眼科视光学领域专家就“儿童青少年如何在户外活动中同时兼顾强光防护与近视控制效果”的议题,提出了专业指导意见,旨在为儿童青少年在近视防控实践中提供更全面的眼部防护。

基于不均匀光照校正和优化透射率的夜间去雾

针对夜间有雾天气场景下的光照不均匀、图像不清晰问题,提出了一种基于夜间不均匀光照校正和优化透射率的去雾算法。首先针对光照不均匀问题,使用基于伽马函数的图像自适应校正算法,消除不均匀光照对图像的影响;其次,由于夜间图像大部分颜色较暗,通过改进局部大气光获得大气光值;利用Sigmoid函数融合亮通道与暗通道得到粗透射率,经过联合双边滤波细化,再对光源处透射率进行优化,并使用伽马函数增强得到最终透射率;然后根据大气散射模型得到初步恢复图像;最后经过引导滤波细化,得到最终图像。实验结果表明所提算法在夜间场景中能有效去雾,且能较好的保持图像颜色对比度。

大娄山隧道照明控制系统研究

超长公路隧道照明灯具数量多,能耗巨大、运营成本极高。为了降低能耗,以大娄山超长隧道为例,研究了基于洞外亮度、交通量的智能照明调光控制系统。结果表明:1)该系统根据洞外亮度和交通量数据实时调节隧道各加强段照明亮度,可实现按需照明;2)该系统考虑了传感器损坏、通信故障等问题,提出了便于操作维护的自动控制系统;3)针对特殊工况,如火灾、交通事故等,设计了可根据现场实际情况进行人工操控的远程和现场手动控制方式;4)该系统已成功用于大娄山隧道,经初步验证和测试,系统运行稳定可靠,预期年均节能35%~45%。

基于高光谱数据的城市商业区夜景照明光污染研究——以上海市6个商业区为例

随着城市化的快速发展,夜间的城市照明不仅延长了居民的活动时间,还成为城市生活重要组成部分。然而,夜景人工照明的快速增长引发了严重的光污染问题,尤其是在上海这样的国际大都市。为了深入研究夜景照明引发的光污染,并分析有效的应对策略,本研究选取上海市的六个核心商业区为研究对象,从行人视角采集了95个高光谱数据单元。通过实地测试和数据对比分析,深入探讨了城市夜景照明光污染的状况。研究结果表明,城市商业区夜景照明的光环境较为复杂,不同商业区的光环境分布差异较大,光污染问题严重,特别是一些商业区的LED屏幕亮度超标严重。夜景照明也对夜空亮度造成了严重影响,同时对生态环境造成潜在威胁。研究结果对照明工作者、政策制定者和民众有一定指导的同时,也为应对光污染问题提供了一定的帮助。

基于Retinex里双分量改进的微光图像增强方法

近年来,微光图像增强技术备受关注,但仍存在一些问题。例如,有时暗区域没有完全改善,有时光源或光源附近的明亮区域曝光过度。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于Retinex模型里照度分量和反射分量双增强的图像增强方法。该方法首先将原始图像由RGB空间转换到HSV空间,并提取其中的V分量进行后续处理;然后对V分量进行引导滤波获得图像照度分量,根据Retinex理论通过分解得到图像的反射分量;接着对照度分量进行全局自适应亮度增强,对反射分量进行多尺度细节加强;再将增强后的照度分量和反射分量按照Retinex模型重构得到V分量重构图,并经过非线性变换处理和局部对比度增强处理;最终转换回RGB空间获得最终增强图。实验结果表明,该方法的峰值信噪比(peak signal-to-noise ratio,PSNR)和结构相似指数(structural similarity index measure,SSIM)评价值分别为17.741和0.765,具有更好的图像质量,较其他方法表现出更好的增强效果。

基于反馈亮度的机械臂指示灯设计

与普通LED灯相比,RGB LED在清晰度和色纯度等方面均具有显著的优势。基于此,将RGB LED应用于机械臂指示灯设计,可以更大程度上地增强可视范围,从而增加机械臂的安全性,为操作人员的人身安全和机械臂的稳定运行提供保障。构建了一种针对机械臂的照明设备,通过Solidworks商用软件对灯带进行模拟,确保了照明的强度和可视域,之后通过3D打印的方式实现了模型的制造,与模拟结果具有良好的一致性。

基于近红外成像的舱内摄像头补光技术

汽车舱内摄像头DMS和OMS是对车内人员的精神状态、生命特征、肢体表达等进行识别的,为了保证算法识别的成功率,对图像中人脸或肢体的亮度有一定要求。针对近红外成像需要主动光源补光的特点,提出了一种汽车舱内摄像头近红外补光的技术方案,依据红外辐射光源空间通量分布、人体表皮的近红外特征、几何光学的折反射规律、Sensor的光电转换能力等方面的理论,建立计算模型,推导出补光LED的功率与图像中人脸亮度DN值之间的关系公式。在数据模型中通过该公式推算应用5.2W近红外补光LED对人脸进行补光后,图像中所拍摄的人脸的亮度DN值进行模拟计算。同时搭建了舱内摄像头的验证系统,通过对试验车内人员实际补光后拍摄图像数据进行亮度DN值分析,并与理论推算结果进行比对,实验结果与计算结果误差小于±5%,满足算法要求,验证了舱内摄像头近红外补光的技术方案的可行性。

基于自适应天空区域分割的图像去雾算法

针对暗通道算法在处理图像中天空区域时会出现色彩失真和光晕现象以及大气光值错误估计的问题,提出一种改进的暗通道先验去雾算法。利用雾图中天空区域的物理特征粗略分割图像天空区域,从天空区域中对大气光值进行估计;设计一种自适应双阈值分割方法用于天空区域的精细分割,提出一种基于亮通道先验的透射率估计方法,将亮通道先验模型估计的天空区域透射率值和暗通道先验模型估计的前景区域透射率值进行融合;引用一种快速引导滤波器对融合后的透射率进行边缘细化,基于大气散射模型完成图像的复原。实验结果表明,该算法很好地克服了暗通道算法的缺陷,保留了复原图像的视觉真实性。